scholarly journals Frequency of Toxocara Antibodies in Patients Clinically Suspected to Ocular Toxocariasis, Northeast of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolmajid Fata ◽  
Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini ◽  
Se Joon Woo ◽  
Se Joon Woo ◽  
Mohammad Zibaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Ocular Toxocariasis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Severe Vision Loss ◽  
Important Disease

Background: Human toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic disease in most countries including Iran. Among different clinical forms of toxocariasis, ocular toxocariasis (OT) is an important disease resulting in severe vision loss. However, the prevalence and incidence of OT are currently unclear in Iran. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ocular toxocariasis among patients with uveitis in the Northeast of Iran. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, 510 patients with uveitis referred to Khatam-al-Anbia, a tertiary eye hospital at Mashhad, Iran were examined for OT. Serum samples of the suspected patients were obtained and evaluated for IgG against Toxocara canis using ELISA test. Anti-Toxocara IgG positive serums were further investigated using confirmatory Western blotting (WB) analysis. Results: Twenty patients had pathologic changes and clinical presentations in the anterior and posterior segments of their eyes and they were clinically diagnosed ocular toxocariasis. Among the 20 patients, 2 (10%) patients showed IgG antibody against Toxocara canis on ELISA as well as on WB test. The calculated prevalence of ocular toxocariasis was about 0.4%. Conclusion: Ocular toxocariasis can be diagnosed both clinically and serologically in Mashhad, northeastern Iran. Although OT is a rare pathologic eye disease, it should be considered as one of the important cause of infectious posterior uveitis.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxocara canis Infection in Children (2–15 Years Old) Referred to Health Centers of Lorestan Province, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 020-024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mahmoudvand ◽  
Farzad Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Mojgan Mirhosseini ◽  
Mojgan Faraji ◽  
Nadereh Taee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxocara canis infection in children (2–15 years old) referred to health centers of Lorestan province, Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed from August 2016 to March 2017 on 316 children. All serum samples were tested using the commercially available anti IgG-Toxocara kit (IBL, Germany) according to manufacturer's instructions. Of the 316 children, 14 (4.4%) tested seropositive for anti-T.canis IgG antibody. The variables used to evaluate association between risk factors and status of anti-T. canis IgG antibodies were age, gender, area of residence, eosinophilia, contact with dogs, and consumption of raw or unwashed vegetables and fruits. Risk factors that were significantly related to T. canis seropositivity included living in rural regions (p = 0.018) and contact with dogs (p = 0.001). However, other demographic and risk factors did not demonstrate any association with T. canis seropositivity. To conclude, we found that T. canis infection is prevalent among children (2–15 years old) referred to health centers of Lorestan province, Iran with an overall seroprevalence rate of 4.4%. These findings may be a warning for health centers to pay special attention to toxocariasis among children (2–15 years old) and design screening programs for its prevention.

scholarly journals Characteristics of erythropoietin antibodies in patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
A. M. Kudryashova ◽  
L. N. Nesterenko ◽  
G. A. Generalova ◽  
T. Yu. Abasheeva ◽  
N. A. Mikhailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody

Our aim was to characterize anti-EPO antibodies in serum samples of the patients treated with erythropoietin. 106 serum samples from the patients treated with erythropoietin (EPO) were collected and assayed. 134 serum samples of patients who did not receive EPO were taken for comparative analysis. The anti-EPO antibody detection was performed in ELISA test with rhEPO, by passive capture on ELISA plates, using steptavidin-biotin immunochemical system. Mouse monoclonal antibodies to human IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were used to detect anti-EPO antibodies, and protein-A peroxidase conjugate was used for quantitative assays. Rabbit anti-human EPO polyclonal antibodies at known concentrations were used as a calibration standard. Six calibration samples at the concentration range of 16-1000 ng/ml were used to plot calibration curves. The lower detection limit was 12 ng/mL, and the quantitative detection limit was 31 ng/ml. Immunochemical capturing led to increasing of total IgG antibody detection by 3.2 times, IgG1 – by 1.1 times IgG2 – by 1.25 times, IgG3 – by 1.5 times, IgG4 – by 1.7 times. Antibodies of mixed isotype were found in most patients. IgG1 or IgG4 antibodies to EPO were determined only in 3 samples. Specific IgM was not detectable among 106 sera samples, whereas total IgG antibodies were detected in 36.8 % of cases. In 34% of sera, their presence was confirmed by detection of at least one of the subclasses. IgG1 antibody was detected in 83.3%; IgG4, in 80.6% of the samples positive for total IgG antibodies. In all cases, IgG2 and/or IgG3 were detected in presence of IgG1 or IgG4 antibodies. The antibody concentration was 3.2 to 35.5 µg/mL in sera from 28 patients, in 8 cases the level of antibodies was > 50 µg/ml, however, being below the limit of quantitative detection in 3 patients. Only 6 samples contained antibodies with avidity index of > 50%. Immunochemical capturing of the antigen led to increased sensitivity for detecting all subclasses of specific antibodies. The specific IgG antibodies to EPO were found in more than 1/3 of serum samples from the patients treated with erythropoietin. Low-avidity antibodies of IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses were determined in most cases.

New insight into the diagnostic cut-off value of serum anti-Toxocara IgG for ocular toxocariasis in uveitis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.F. Abd El-Aal ◽  
M.A.A. Basha ◽  
A.M. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Ocular Toxocariasis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Exact Etiology ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Uveitis is one of the commonest causes of vision loss worldwide and its exact etiology is still not clarified in most patients. The current study is a trial to assess the efficacy of serum anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a diagnostic tool for ocular toxocariasis (OT) and to detect OT prevalence and the associated ocular manifestations in sera of patients with uveitis. One hundred and twelve patients (62 females and 50 males) with uveitis were diagnosed by ophthalmologists, radiologists and rheumatologists according to ocular manifestations, laboratory and radiological investigations. Serum anti-Toxocara IgG titers were determined by ELISA in sera of all patients. Our results revealed that OT is highly associated with intermediate and posterior uveitis. Children and young adult females, especially those residing in rural areas, complained mainly of diminution of vision in the left eye, with strabismus and leukocoria. At a cut-off value of 0.258, the sensitivity and specificity of IgG ELISA were 93.3% and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, at a novel cut-off value of 0.258 the serum anti-Toxocara IgG ELISA is predicted to be a diagnostic tool for OT regarding sensitivity and specificity. Also, it has potential importance in the interpretation and differential diagnosis of OT. Thus, serum anti-Toxocara IgG ELISA should be a routine test for screening of suspected cases.

Distinct clinical characteristics of paraneoplastic optic neuropathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quangang Xu ◽  
Wenjuan Du ◽  
Huanfen Zhou ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Hongjuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Testicular Seminoma ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severe Vision Loss

ObjectiveParaneoplastic optic neuropathy (PON) is relatively uncommon, and the visual outcomes and prognosis of this disease have not been well documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of antibody-mediated PON.MethodsClinical data were retrospectively collected from hospitalised patients diagnosed with PON at the Neuro-Ophthalmology Department at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2015 to June 2017.ResultsA total of seven patients (four females and three males, 13 involved eyes) were included with a mean age of 56.28±11.32 years (36–70 years). Simultaneous or early sequential bilateral eye involvement (5/7, 71.4%) was common in the patients with PON. Severe vision loss (≤0.1) was seen in 76.9% (10/13) of the eyes. There were 13 eyes in the acute phase of the disease, and six eyes presented with optic disc oedema. All patients had definite evidence of paraneoplastic-associated antibodies (three with serum positive for antiamphilphysin, one for anti-PNMA2 (Ma2/Ta), one for anti-Yo, one for anti-Ma2 and one for anti-CV2). All of the serum samples were negative for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and two patients companied with seropositive for the aquaporin-4 antibody. Five patients had history of primary malignancy, including thyroid cancer, type B thymoma, testicular seminoma, cervical cancer and lung carcinoma. Two patients had positive paraneoplastic syndrome antibodies (anti-Yo and antiamphiphysin), but the solid tumour had not been found through a PET scan. Visual acuity in 9/13 (69.2%) eyes was below 0.1, and all of the patients survived to the follow-up with no metastatic lesions.ConclusionsPON is relative rare, with a predominance of bilateral involvement and more with a poor visual prognosis. Paraneoplastic antibody testing can contribute to the diagnosis of PON, distinct from other types of optic neuropathies, which can help doctors to find the primary cancer earlier to guide further treatment.

scholarly journals Ocular toxocariasis: atypical clinical course

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e228717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Fonseca ◽  
Andreia Mendes Silva ◽  
Sandra Freire ◽  
Rui Proença
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Ocular Toxocariasis ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Macular Lesion ◽  
Oral Steroids ◽  
One Year ◽  
Field Defect

A 17-year-old man presented to the emergency department with complaints of retro-orbital pain of the left eye and an altitudinal visual field defect for 2 weeks. Fundus examination revealed ipsilateral hyperaemic optic disc oedema, and the patient was admitted with the presumptive diagnosis of left optic neuritis. Subsequently, during follow-up, the patient developed a retinal granulomatous lesion in the superior temporal arcade with vitritis and fibrotic strands extending to the mid-periphery. Serum antibodies detection by ELISA and aqueous humour immunoblot were positive for Toxocara canis. Medical therapy with albendazole and oral steroids was instituted with satisfactory results. One year later, a new macular lesion developed with consequent vision loss.

scholarly journals Optic Disc Pits: A Case Report and Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Clinical Finding ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Optic Disc Pit ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Severe Vision Loss

Background: Congenital optic disc pits (ODP) are a rare clinical finding affecting approximately 1 in 11,000 people. Affected individuals are generally asymptomatic unless fluid accumulates in the macula resulting in severe vision loss. The management of ODPs depends mostly on clinical findings and can range from observation to surgery. Optometrists need to be aware of clinical presentations and possible complications of ODPs. Case Report: This report will review a case of an asymptomatic optic disc pit and discuss the potential treatment options if complications arise. Conclusion: Although rare, congenital optic disc pits need to be accurately assessed and diagnosed. Symptoms can range from none to severe vision loss. Proper observation and management may lead to improved visual outcomes.

scholarly journals Kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with Toxocara canis

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lundia Luara Cavalcante Bin ◽  
Vamilton Alvares Santarém ◽  
Cecília Braga Laposy ◽  
Guita Rubinsky-Elefant ◽  
William Henry Roldán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Avidity Index ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
High Avidity Index ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

Abstract An evaluation was made of the kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with embryonated Toxocara canis eggs. Seventeen four month old New Zealand White rabbits were distributed into two groups. In the experimental group, twelve rabbits were infected orally with 1,000 embryonated T. canis eggs. A second group (n = 5), uninfected, was used as a control. Serum samples were collected for analysis on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 post-infection (DPI). An indirect ELISA test was performed to evaluate the reactivity index (RI) of IgG anti-T. canis antibodies and to calculate the avidity index (AI). The animals showed seroconversion from the 14th DPI, with high AI (over 50%) except for one animal, which presented an intermediate AI. At 60 DPI, all the animals were seropositive and maintained a high AI. The data indicated that specific IgG antibodies formed early (14 DPI) in rabbits infected with T. canis, with a high avidity index that persisted throughout the course of the infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and spreading of Brucella ovis in South Bačka and Srem District

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Sara Savić ◽  
Marina Žekić Stošić ◽  
Ivan Pušić ◽  
Vladimir Polaček ◽  
Živoslav Grgić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Brucella Ovis ◽  
Important Disease

Ovine brucellosis can cause epididymitis and reduce fertility in rams and therefore is an important disease in sheep and rams from economic point of view. Sometimes it causes abortions and increased perinatal mortality in sheep as well, but it primarily affects male animals. Brucella ovis was first identified in northern region of Serbia, in 2008-2009 during a research study. Specific antibodies against Brucella ovis were detected in the sheep that originated from Becej and Titel municipalities in the South Bačka district. The prevalence was low, only 0.89%. For the purpose of this study, a total number of 6,407 serum samples from rams and sheep were used. All of the samples were from the northern part of Serbia, belonging to South Bačka and Srem districts. Serological test was performed in order to determine the presence of specific antibodies against Brucella ovis in rams and sheep, by ELISA test (indirect ELISA - iELISA). The prevalence varied from 0% - 19.3% during the years. If we look into the municipalities of South Bačka and Srem district, we can see that the numbers of positive samples are different, and the number of analyzed samples varies. The overall seroprevalence from 2014-2018 in South Bačka and Srem district is 6.15%, but it varies significantly among different municipalities from 0 to 26%. The majority of analyzed sample were from rams and all of the positive findings are in rams. Only a small number of sheep (female) has been examined so far, so the prevalence among females is still unknown.

MONITORING STUDIES OF ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova ◽  
D.N. Luchinin ◽  
A.O. Negodenko ◽  
D.R. Prilepskaya ◽  
N.V. Boroday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
California Serogroup ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

The paper presents data from the monitoring studies’ results of arbovirus infections transmitted by mosquitoes in the Volgograd region. West Nile virus antigen (WNV) in 9 samples, Tahyna virus in one sample, Batai virus in two samples were detected in the study of 110 samples of field material (blood-sucking mosquitoes) by ELISA test. Antibodies to WNV in 16.58 percent of the samples, to tick-borne encephalitis virus in 1.08 percent, to viruses of the California serogroup and Ukuniemi in 1.09 percent, to the virus Sindbis in 2.17 percent were detected as a result of the study of blood serum samples from donors in the Volgograd region. Thus, we obtained data on the probable presence of the Batai, Sindbis, Ukuniemi and Californian serogroup viruses along with the circulation of WNV on the territory of the Volgograd region.

scholarly journals The Positive Legacy of Vision Loss: Pathways to Posttraumatic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
Corinna Tanner ◽  
Michael Caserta ◽  
Jia-Wen Guo ◽  
Margaret Clayton ◽  
Paul Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Severe Vision Loss ◽  
Age Range

Abstract This mixed method study describes posttraumatic growth (PTG) accruing form experience with vision loss caused by severe age related macular degeneration (AMD) and explores relationships between depression, social support, and cognitive processing, on the path to PTG. Research describing the psychological and social issues surrounding AMD has focused on negative outcomes. However, learning from highly challenging experiences, such as vision loss, can offer benefits. In this study, these included an increased sense of personal strength, increased spirituality, and empathy for others (all domains of PTG). 89 participants with severe vision loss (mean age = 85.3 years, age range = 74–98 years) completed the interviewer-administered composite questionnaire, which identified elements of Tedeschi and Calhoun’s model of PTG. Relationships between variables were examined using path analysis. Findings were contextualized with data from 15 qualitative interviews. Findings underscored the importance of supportive others and deliberate cognitive processing in the path to PTG.

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