The Role of Relationship Emotional Schemas and Personality Dimensions on Domestic Violence in People Referred to a Forensics Center in Iran

Objective: Domestic violence is an important social problem and according to the DSM5 classification, this problem is considered from a clinical point of view. Factors that play a role in the occurrence of domestic violence may include the personality traits of couples and the ways in which couples manage each other's emotions. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of personality dimension and relationship emotional schema in prediction of domestic violence. Method: In this cross-sectional study, the study population included all men and women who referred to Sari forensic medicine in 2019 who were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools were Domestic Violence Scale, NEO Personality Questionnaire (NEO - FFI) and Relationship Emotional Schema (RESS). Data analysis was performed through correlation coefficients and regression analysis using SPSS 24 software. Results: Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis, negative relationship emotional schemas (Guilt/shame, Control, Numbness, Rational, Duration, Rumination, and Blame) and positive relationship emotional schemas (Comprehensibility, Validation, Differentiation, Values, Consensus, Acceptance, Expression) are the best predictor variable (R = 0.65; adjusted R square = 0.41; F = 44.41; P = 0.001), and personality dimension was excluded from the model because it did not have a significant predictive power. And was not able to explain the variance of domestic violence. Conclusion: According to the findings, the emotional schema of the relationship (negative/positive) and neuroticism play a key role in domestic violence. Therefore, by identifying the emotional schemas and personality traits of the couple's relationship, it is possible to provide more appropriate treatment outcomes for mental health professionals and effectively prevent the increase in domestic violence.

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Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9–10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences

Children ◽

10.3390/children8050411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 411

Author(s):

Shervin Assari ◽

Shanika Boyce ◽

Tanja Jovanovic

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Parental Education ◽

Predictor Variable ◽

National Sample ◽

Hippocampal Volume ◽

Study Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Right

Aim: This study tested sex differences in the association between hippocampal volume and working memory of a national sample of 9–10-year-old children in the US. As the hippocampus is functionally lateralized (especially in task-related activities), we explored the results for the right and the left hippocampus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study data. This analysis included baseline ABCD data (n = 10,093) of children between ages 9 and 10 years. The predictor variable was right and left hippocampal volume measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). The primary outcome, list sorting working memory, was measured using the NIH toolbox measure. Sex was the moderator. Age, race, ethnicity, household income, parental education, and family structure were the covariates. Results: In the overall sample, larger right (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) and left (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) hippocampal volumes were associated with higher children’s working memory. Sex had statistically significant interactions with the right (b = −0.0018; p = 0.001) and left (b = −0.0012; p = 0.022) hippocampal volumes on children’s working memory. These interactions indicated stronger positive associations between right and left hippocampal volume and working memory for females compared to males. Conclusion: While right and left hippocampal volumes are determinants of children’s list sorting working memory, these effects seem to be more salient for female than male children. Research is needed on the role of socialization, sex hormones, and brain functional connectivity as potential mechanisms that may explain the observed sex differences in the role of hippocampal volume as a correlate of working memory.

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The Teacher Behavior Checklist: The Mediation Role of Teacher Behaviors in the Relationship Between the Students’ Importance of Teacher Behaviors and Students’ Effort

Teaching of Psychology ◽

10.1177/0098628320979896 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 009862832097989

Author(s):

Michael T. Geier

Keyword(s):

Critical Thinking ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Teacher Behavior ◽

Teacher Behaviors ◽

Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship ◽

Teaching Implications

Background: Previous research suggests a relationship between teacher behaviors and students’ effort. However, it is not clear what role the students’ expectations (i.e., importance of teacher behaviors) play in this relationship. Objective: Utilizing the teacher behavior checklist, this study sought to investigate whether teacher behaviors mediate the relationship between the importance students set on teacher behaviors and students’ effort. Further, the study explored which specific behaviors influence students’ effort. Method: Cross-sectional survey data were analyzed ( N = 159) using mediation analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression. Results: There was evidence that teacher behaviors mediate the relationship between the importance students set on teacher behaviors and students’ effort. Four of the 28 teacher behaviors had a significant relationship to students’ effort: creative and interesting, enthusiastic about teaching, happy/positive/humorous, and promotes critical thinking. Conclusion: Knowing students’ expectations (i.e., the importance of teacher behaviors) is essential to increasing students’ effort. Teaching Implications: Happy/positive/humorous had a negative relationship with students’ effort, while creative and interesting, enthusiastic about teaching, and promotes critical thinking showed a positive relationship with students’ effort.

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Postoperative self-efficacy and psychological morbidity in radical prostatectomy

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0104-1169.0456.2618 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 806-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luciana Regina Ferreira da Mata ◽

Emilia Campos de Carvalho ◽

Cássia Regina Gontijo Gomes ◽

Ana Cristina da Silva ◽

Maria da Graça Pereira

Keyword(s):

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Predictor Variable ◽

Physical Nature ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Psychological Morbidity ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: evaluate the general and perceived self-efficacy, psychological morbidity, and knowledge about postoperative care of patients submitted to radical prostatectomy. Identify the relationships between the variables and know the predictors of self-efficacy.Method: descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted with 76 hospitalized men. The scales used were the General and Perceived Self-efficacy Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, in addition to sociodemographic, clinical and knowledge questionnaires.Results: a negative relationship was found for self-efficacy in relation to anxiety and depression. Psychological morbidity was a significant predictor variable for self-efficacy. An active professional situation and the waiting time for surgery also proved to be relevant variables for anxiety and knowledge, respectively.Conclusion: participants had a good level of general and perceived self-efficacy and small percentage of depression. With these findings, it is possible to produce the profile of patients about their psychological needs after radical prostatectomy and, thus, allow the nursing professionals to act holistically, considering not only the need for care of physical nature, but also of psychosocial nature.

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Predictors of Mental Health in Adolescence: The Role of Personality, Dispositional Optimism, and Social Support

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244020917963 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 215824402091796

Author(s):

Iva Burešová ◽

Martin Jelínek ◽

Jaroslava Dosedlová ◽

Helena Klimusová

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Dispositional Optimism ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Life Orientation Test

In line with the current psychological approach to health in general, mental health is perceived not only as the absence of psychopathological disorders, but also the presence of well-being. The study contributes to the identification of possible sources affecting mental health in adolescence. This cross-sectional study focuses on the role of personality traits, dispositional optimism, and perceived social support in predicting mental health in adolescence. Mental health was assessed using Mental Health Continuum, personality traits using Big Five Inventory, dispositional optimism using Life Orientation Test—Revised and social support by Close Relationships and Social Support Scale. The research sample consisted of 1,239 respondents aged 12 to 19 years (mean age 15.56 years), 54.3% females and 45.7 % males. Sequential regression analysis revealed that demographic variables and personality characteristics together explained 33.5% of mental health variance, the strongest predictors being extraversion and neuroticism. Including dispositional optimism and perceived social support resulted in a significant increase of the explained variance. All predictors together explained 46.0% of the mental health variance.

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Negative feedback and employee job performance: Moderating role of the Big Five

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.6478 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 1735-1744 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yun Guo ◽

Yanhong Zhang ◽

Jianqiao Liao ◽

Xinwei Guo ◽

Jintao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Job Performance ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Negative Feedback ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Big Five Personality Traits ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Moderating Role

We used hierarchical linear regression analysis to test the relationship between negative feedback and employee job performance, and explored the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits in this relationship. Participants were 357 supervisor–subordinate dyads in China; subordinates responded to negative feedback and Big Five personality traits measures, and direct supervisors rated their employees' job performance. Results showed that negative feedback was negatively related to employee job performance, and that the Big Five personality traits moderated this relationship. Specifically, the strength of the negative relationship between negative feedback and job performance was reduced as extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, emotional stability, and conscientiousness increased. Implications for management and theory are discussed.

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Role of Alexithymia, Anxiety, and Depression in Predicting Self-Efficacy in Academic Students

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2017/5798372 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mahbobeh Faramarzi ◽

Soraya Khafri

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective. Little research is available on the predictive factors of self-efficacy in college students. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of alexithymia, anxiety, and depression in predicting self-efficacy in academic students. Design. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 133 students at Babol University of Medical Sciences (Medicine, Dentistry, and Paramedicine) participated in the study between 2014 and 2015. All participants completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (CASES), and 14 items on anxiety and depression derived from the 28 items of the General Health Questionnaire (28-GHQ). Results. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed negative significant relationships between alexithymia and the three subscales with student self-efficacy. There was no significant correlation between anxiety/depression symptoms and student self-efficacy. A backward multiple regression analysis revealed that alexithymia was a negative significant predictor of self-efficacy in academic students (B=-0.512, P<0.001). The prevalence of alexithymia was 21.8% in students. Multiple backward logistic analysis regression revealed that number of passed semesters, gender, mother’s education, father’s education, and doctoral level did not accurately predict alexithymia in college students. Conclusion. As alexithymia is prevalent in college students and affects self-efficacy and academic functioning, we suggest it should be routinely evaluated by mental physicians at universities.

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Psychological Health, Sleep Quality, Behavior, and Internet Use Among People During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.632496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammed Elhadi ◽

Ahmed Alsoufi ◽

Ahmed Msherghi ◽

Entisar Alshareea ◽

Aimen Ashini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Health Status ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Education Level ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Libyan Population

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the risk of suicide, uncertainty, mental stress, terror, annoyance, weariness, financial issues, and frustration. We aim to determine the prevalence of insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and their associated factors among Libyan populations during the COVID-19 pandemic and the civil war.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among the Libyan population between July 18 and August 23, 2020. The data collected included basic demographic characteristics, level of education, employment status, COVID-19-related questions, and questions about abuse and domestic violence. This study assessed the psychological status of participants who were screened for anxiety symptoms using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Depressive symptoms were also screened for using the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Binomial logistic regression was used to predict the probability of insomnia, anxiety and depressive symptoms.Results: A total of 10,296 responses were recorded. Among the participants, 4,756 (46.2%) obtained a cut-off score of ≥ 3 which indicated depressive symptoms. For anxiety, 1,952 participants (19%) obtained a cut-off score of ≥ 15, which indicated anxiety symptoms. For the ISI, the mean (SD) was 11.4 (6.1) for the following categories: no clinical insomnia (0–7) 3,132 (30.4%), sub-threshold insomnia (1–7) 3,747 (36.4%), moderate severity clinical insomnia (8–14) 2,929 (28.4%), and severe clinical insomnia (15–21) 488 (4.7%). Logistic regression analysis showed that depressive symptoms were statistically associated with age, marital status, education level, occupational category, financial problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, health status, having a COVID-19 infection, current health status, suicide ideation, abuse or domestic violence, and lockdown compliance (p < 0.05). The regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between anxiety symptoms and age, education level, occupational status, financial problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, having a COVID-19 infection, health status, suicide ideation, abuse or domestic violence, and lockdown compliance (p < 0.05). The regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between insomnia and all study variables with the exception of age, educational level, and occupational status (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Confronted with the COVID-19 outbreak, the Libyan population exhibited high levels of psychological stress manifested in the form of depressive and anxiety symptoms, while one-third of the Libyan population suffered from clinical insomnia. Policymakers need to promote effective measures to reduce mental health issues and improve people's quality of life during the civil war and the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Sexual Desire and Materialism as Predictors of Marital Satisfaction among Men

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0501.100 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seema Vinayak ◽

Bita Noktehdan ◽

Rohin Vinayak

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Family Therapy ◽

Marital Satisfaction ◽

Sexual Desire ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽

Material Values ◽

Age Range

Background and aim: Considering the importance of marital satisfaction in married life and its relation to health and happiness, this research aimed to investigate the role of sexual desire and materialism in marital satisfaction among Iranian males. Method: In this study, 240 married males in the age range of 25-46 years were selected randomly among the employees in government sections in Tehran-Iran. The participants responded to standard questionnaires of Hurlburt Index of Sexual Desire, Material Values Scale and Enrich marital satisfaction. Correlation and Regression analysis were done. Results: Results indicated that sexual desire was positively related to marital satisfaction. Negative relationship occurred between materialism and marital satisfaction. The study revealed that sexual desire and materialism emerged as predictors of marital satisfaction. Conclusion: Inconsistent with previous findings, a significant relationship emerged between materialism and marital satisfaction as well as sexual desire. These factors can play an important role in family therapy and happiness.

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Relationship between Dissociative Experiences and Schizotypal Personality Traits: Mediating Role of Inferential Confusion

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.18502/ijps.v17i1.8049 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akram Ghorbali ◽

Mohammad Reza Shaeiri ◽

Mohammad Gholami Fesharaki

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Schizotypal Personality ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Dissociative Experiences ◽

Inferential Confusion ◽

The Relationship

Objective: Previous research has shown a relationship between schizotypal personality traits and dissociative tendencies. The Inference-Based Approach (IBA) can explain this relationship to some extent. Purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of inferential confusion in relation to dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits. Method: A total of 341 students from Shahed University participated in this cross-sectional study. Sampling was conducted randomly by the cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire (ICQ-EV), Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), and Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II). Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software based on statistical methods including Pearson correlation, Baron and Kenny hierarchical regression and the Sobel test. Results: There were significant positive relationships between dissociative experiences, schizotypal personality traits, and inferential confusion (P < 0.01). Findings showed that inferential confusion mediates the relationship between dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits (β = 0.29; P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the present study, considering role of inferential confusion, succeeded in explaining the relationship between dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits to some extent

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Role of Psychological and Social Security in Predicting Depression Among Women Living in the Homeless Shelters of Tehran

Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care ◽

10.32598/jccnc.6.4.33.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 213-222

Author(s):

Afsaneh Khadivi-Zand ◽

◽

Anahita Khodabakhshi-Koolaee ◽

Mohammad Reza Falsafinejad ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Security ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Homeless People ◽

Psychiatric Nurses ◽

Homeless Shelters ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Research Population ◽

Physical Consequences

Background: Homelessness is a common phenomenon in all human societies and leads to many social, psychological, and physical consequences for the homeless people and society. This study aimed to determine the role of psychological and social security in predicting depression among women living in the homeless shelters of Tehran. Methods: It was a descriptive correlational study. The research population included all women living in the homeless shelters of Tehran, in 2020. The subjects were selected using random, multistage cluster sampling. Two homeless shelters were selected. The final sample included 150 women. The data were collected using the security-insecurity inventory and the Beck depression inventory. The collected data were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis in SPSS V. 22. Results: The results showed that the feeling of psychological security predicts depression in women (R=0.48). Also, 23% of the variances in depression were explained by psychological security. Therefore, psychological security can predict depression (with 99% confidence) in these women. Moreover, the feeling of social security can predict the rate of depression in women (MR=-0.55). This implies that approximately 30% of the variances of depression can be explained by social security. The beta coefficient for social security was -0.55. Accordingly, social security can predict depression (with 99% confidence) in women living in homeless shelters. The negative signs of the beta coefficients indicated a negative relationship between the predictor and the criterion variables. In other words, the higher the psychological and social security, the lower the rate of depression in women. Conclusion: This study showed that the psychological and social security levels of these women were correlated with the degree of depression experienced. Using the insights from this study, counselors, psychiatric nurses, and other mental health professionals are suggested to create a friendly and safe environment for clients to express their feelings and lessen their depression.

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