scholarly journals The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its risk factors in pregnant women and their newborns in the Middle East: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayesteh Hajizadeh ◽  
Judy Rankin Shary ◽  
Susan Gayle Reed ◽  
Carol Lynn Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Pregnant women and newborns are at risk for vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Also, poor health outcomes for pregnant women with VDD are reported in the published literature. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and the associated risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in Middle Eastern pregnant women and their newborns. Materials and Methods: The international electronic databases PubMed and Scopus for the years 2000-2017 were utilized to identify studies of vitamin D status for pregnant women and newborns in the Middle East. Of the 1,785 reports identified, 1,734 met exclusion criteria and 51 studies were included for this review. Results: The prevalence of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 50 nmol/L as a marker of vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns was between 24.5-98% and 22-100%, respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH) D < 25 nmol/L in pregnant women and their newborns was over a wide range between 16.7-80% and 22- 82%, respectively. Predictors for low maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations included decreased vitamin D synthesis due to reduced exposure to sunlight and decreased nutritional intake of vitamin D. A predictor of low neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations included maternal vitamin D status and the correlation between vitamin D concentrations in maternal and cord blood. Conclusion: The high prevalence of VDD in the pregnant women of the Middle East underscores the necessity of implementing national prevention and intervention strategies. A clear policy for clinicians and healthcare workers is needed for screening and maintaining sufficient vitamin D status during pregnancy. Key words: Vitamin D, Pregnancy, Newborns, Cord blood, Middle East.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status in Pregnancy: Fetomaternal Outcome and Correlation with Cord Blood Vitamin D

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Sanjay Jain ◽  
Arijit Debnath ◽  
Somosri Ray
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Introduction Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy has been reported to cause various maternal effects, i.e., hypocalcemia, subclinical myopathy, increased risk of preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), cesarean sections, and fetal effects, i.e., neonatal tetany, hyperbilirubinemia congenital rickets, infantile rickets, etc. Only few Indian studies are available in this regard. Objective To estimate serum vitamin D levels in pregnant women, cord blood, and study fetomaternal outcomes. Materials and methods A prospective observational study was conducted on 54 consecutive pregnant women and their newborn babies. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level was estimated in all women at the time of admission in labor ward. They were followed up to delivery and 48 hours postpartum. Vitamin D was also estimated in cord blood collected during delivery. All results were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results The mean 25(OH)D level in pregnancy was 6.81 ± 7.38 ng/mL. The mean 25(OH)D level in their babies (cord blood) was 6.34 ± 7.05 ng/mL. There was very strong positive correlation between maternal and fetal serum 25(OH)D levels (p-value 0.001, r-value 0.9). Vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with obesity, PE, and GDM (p-value 0.001). Neonatal jaundice and tetany were also significantly associated with severe vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion Low levels of vitamin D have been observed in pregnant women and their newborn babies. Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with adverse fetomaternal outcomes. As there is a strong correlation of maternal and neonatal levels, supplementing vitamin D in a pregnant women might improve these adverse pregnancy outcomes. How to cite this article Gupta M, Debnath A, Jain S, Saini V, Ray S. Vitamin D Status in Pregnancy: Fetomaternal Outcome and Correlation with Cord Blood Vitamin D. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(1):42-48.

The burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Middle East: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on primary prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Abdullah Shehab ◽  
Anhar Ullah ◽  
Jamal Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
History Of

Background: The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) threatens the Middle Eastern population. Several epidemiological studies have assessed CVD and its risk factors in terms of the primary prevention of CVD in the Middle East. Therefore, summarizing the information from these studies is essential. Aim: We conducted a systematic review to assess the prevalence of CVD and its major risk factors among Middle Eastern adults based on the literature published between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018 and carried out a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Embase and Google Scholar to identify literature published from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018. All the original articles that investigated the prevalence of CVD and reported at least one of the following factors were included: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking and family history of CVD. To summarize CVD prevalence, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 41 potentially relevant articles were included, and 32 were included in the meta-analysis (n=191,979). The overall prevalence of CVD was 10.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1-14.3%, p<0.001) in the Middle East. A high prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia (43.3%; 95% CI: 21.5-68%), hypertension (26.2%; 95% CI: 19.6-34%) and diabetes (16%; 95% CI: 9.9-24.8%), was observed. The prevalence rates of other risk factors, such as smoking (12.4%; 95% CI: 7.7-19.4%) and family history of CVD (18.7%; 95% CI: 15.4-22.5%), were also high. Conclusion: The prevalence of CVD is high (10.1%) in the Middle East. The burden of dyslipidaemia (43.3%) in this region is twice as high as that of hypertension (26.2%) and diabetes mellitus (16%). Multifaceted interventions are urgently needed for the primary prevention of CVD in this region.

scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors associated with vitamin D status among children of an urban and a rural areas of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Anamika Saha ◽  
Md Salim Shakur ◽  
Runa Laila ◽  
Salomee Shakur ◽  
Md Sohel Shomik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiency in children worldwide, even in Bangladesh. However, to date, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children of different region of Bangladesh is less reported. Objective: This study was conducted to assess vitamin D status of urban and rural Bangladeshi children including the risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency are also evaluated. Methods: A multi-centre (urban and rural based), cross sectional study was done from July 2016 to June 2017, using serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 as a marker of nutritional vitamin D status. Urban and rural children were taken from Paediatric Outpatient Department, United Hospital Limited. Dhaka and Medical Outpatient Department, Upazila Health Complex, Ghatail, Tangail respectively. Children of 1-10 years age attending OPD with mild undernutrition (<–1 SD z score) and/or clinical features suggestive of vitamin D deficiency were included in the study. Results: A total 150 children were studied with 102 (68.0%) urban and 48 (32.0%) rural children. Hypovitaminosis D (25-OHD <30ng/ml) was found in 75.0% of children. Hypovitaminosis D was found significantly more in urban children (81.0%) compared to rural (62.0%) children (OR=0.382, 95% CI: 0.177-0.822, p value <0.05). Inadequate exposure to sunlight was significantly associated with hypovitaminosis D compared to adequate sun exposure and it was about 2.5 times higher (OR=2.475, 95% CI: 1.139-5.380, p value <0.05). No significant associations of vitamin D deficiency were detected with skin color of children, covering clothes of mother, exclusive breast feeding, limb pain and anthropometric status. Children of higher educated mother (above Secondary School Certificate) (OR=0.412, 95% CI: 0.189-0.900) were more associated with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent among Bangladeshi children, urban children being more vulnerable to VDD. Adoption of a screening programme for children of all age group and implementation of preventive strategies for VDD through public health policies are strongly recommended. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 134-141

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adults in the Southwest Region of Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine A. Tangoh ◽  
Tobias O. Apinjoh ◽  
Yasir Mahmood ◽  
Robert V. Nyingchu ◽  
Beatrice A. Tangunyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
West Region ◽  
South West ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
South West Region

Background. Vitamin D has been shown to exert its actions on the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, prostate, renal, endocrine, immune, and cardiovascular systems. Current reported data of hypovitaminosis D reveals a global pandemic, with an estimated one billion people worldwide presenting with hypovitaminosis D. Objective. This study aimed at investigating the vitamin D status and its associated risk factors in Cameroonians from the South West Region. Method. The study was a community- and hospital-based prospective longitudinal study. It was carried out during the dry and rainy seasons between the months of July and December 2015 in the South West Region of Cameroon involving 372 participants aged 35 years and above. After obtaining informed consent, a structured questionnaire was used to capture demographic data and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency. Blood samples were collected from the volunteer participants in the peak months of the rainy season and dry season, and the serum used to analyse for vitamin D by ELISA and calcium by spectrophotometry. 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/L (≥30 ng/mL) were considered sufficient while levels <75 nmol/L were considered as hypovitaminosis D (insufficiency/deficiency). Results. Hypovitaminosis D (deficiency/insufficiency) was prevalent in 25.8% (96) of the study population, with only 3.2% (12) deficiency and 22.6% (84) insufficiency. There was a significant inverse relationship r=−0.119,p=0.02 between age and 25(OH)D levels; however, this relationship was not significant when controlled for gender, number of hours spent outdoors, and percentage of body covered. Gender, ethnic origin, percentage of body covered, time spent outdoors, and season did not influence serum vitamin D levels. Conclusion. Results of this study suggest that the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is relatively low in this study population and only age is a risk factor of vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Maternal and cord blood vitamin D status and childhood infection and allergic disease: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Fried ◽  
Jane Rhyu ◽  
Karen Odato ◽  
Heather Blunt ◽  
Margaret R. Karagas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Childhood Infection

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1179562X1876788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadh A Alzaheb
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Vitamin D deficiency is currently a worldwide epidemic. Middle Eastern countries, including Saudi Arabia, have high vitamin D deficiency prevalence, most prominently among women, despite their plentiful year-round sunshine. Previous research investigating vitamin D status among Saudi women of reproductive age (15-49 years) is scarce, and no study has used a nationally representative sample, so this review quantified overall hypovitaminosis D prevalence among women in Saudi Arabia and explored the associated risk factors. The Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline databases were searched for prior studies in Saudi Arabia exploring vitamin D status among women of reproductive age, published between January 1, 2000 and May 25, 2017. Data were extracted from the identified studies, and a random effects model meta-analysis established the overall hypovitaminosis D prevalence. The initial search yielded 223 possibly relevant articles; 13 were confirmed as eligible, with samples totaling 2877 women aged between 15 and 49 years. Meta-analysis revealed a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, level of 13.1 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.6-14.6) and an overall prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, defined as 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL, of 77.4% (95% CI: 63.2-87.3), mostly due to insufficient sunlight exposure and low dietary vitamin D intake. There is therefore a need for a national strategy to raise vitamin D levels among women in Saudi Arabia by advising them on natural vitamin D sources, and recommending the timing and duration of sun exposure, while also defining a national approach to vitamin D fortification and supplementation.

Vitamin D status in Iranian pregnant women and newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis study

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Badfar ◽  
Masoumeh Shohani ◽  
Akram Mansouri ◽  
Ali Soleymani ◽  
Milad Azami
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Analysis Study

Hypovitaminosis D in Healthy Pregnant Women and their Newborns in Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Sideri ◽  
George Antonakos ◽  
Andreas Fretzayas ◽  
Achilleas Attilakos ◽  
Charalambos Chrelias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Anthropometric Features

Background/Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate the current vitamin D status in healthy pregnant women and their newborns living in Greece and assess possible associations between 25(OH)D and anthropometric features of their fetuses and newborns. </P><P> Materials & Methods: 81 healthy women were monitored during pregnancy. Biochemical markers related to bone metabolism, 25(OH)D and PTH levels were measured in serum samples of mothernewborn pairs at 1st trimester of pregnancy and at delivery in mothers, in cord blood and at the 3rd day of life of newborns.Results:Maternal 25(OH)D levels at the 1st trimester of pregnancy (22.6±9.2ng/ml) were significantly higher than those at delivery (19.2±9.2ng/ml) (p<0.001). Furthermore, umbilical 25(OH)D levels (21.3±9.3ng/ml) were higher than maternal at delivery (p=0.005) and neonatal levels (19.4±10.4 ng/ml) (p=0.021). Only 57.3% of the mothers at the first trimester and 46.7% at delivery as well as 55.8% of the fetuses and 38.5% of the neonates had adequate vitamin D levels (25(OH)D≥30ng/ml). A significant positive correlation was found between fetal femur length at the 22nd week of gestation and maternal 25(ΟΗ)D at the 1st trimester of pregnancy (r=0.36, p=0.048) while body length was significantly higher in newborns whose mothers had sufficient 25(OH)D levels (51.5±2.1cm) compared with those whose mothers had insufficient or deficient 25(OH)D levels at delivery (50.6±2.0cm) (p=0.047).Conclusion:The study confirms inadequate levels of vitamin D in pregnant women in Greece associated with inadequate vitamin D levels of their fetuses and newborns.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in pregnant women: a longitudinal study

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie A. Holmes ◽  
Maria S. Barnes ◽  
H. Denis Alexander ◽  
Peter McFaul ◽  
Julie M. W. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use

Maternal vitamin D insufficiency is associated with childhood rickets and longer-term problems including schizophrenia and type 1 diabetes. Whilst maternal vitamin D insufficiency is common in mothers with highly pigmented skin, little is known about vitamin D status of Caucasian pregnant women. The aim was to investigate vitamin D status in healthy Caucasian pregnant women and a group of age-matched non-pregnant controls living at 54–55°N. In a longitudinal study, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was assessed in ninety-nine pregnant women at 12, 20 and 35 weeks of gestation, and in thirty-eight non-pregnant women sampled concurrently. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women (P < 0·0001). Of the pregnant women, 35, 44 and 16 % were classified as vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l), and 96, 96 and 75 % were classified as vitamin D insufficient (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l) at 12, 20 and 35 weeks gestation, respectively. Vitamin D status was higher in pregnant women who reported taking multivitamin supplements at 12 (P < 0·0001), 20 (P = 0·001) and 35 (P = 0·001) weeks gestation than in non-supplement users. Vitamin D insufficiency is evident in pregnant women living at 54–55°N. Women reporting use of vitamin D-containing supplements had higher vitamin D status, however, vitamin D insufficiency was still evident even in the face of supplement use. Given the potential consequences of hypovitaminosis D on health outcomes, vitamin D supplementation, perhaps at higher doses than currently available, is needed to improve maternal vitamin D nutriture.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin-D Receptor (VDR) single nucleotide polymorphisms in gestational hypertension development: A case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0239407
Author(s):  
Daniela Caccamo ◽  
Attilio Cannata ◽  
Sergio Ricca ◽  
Liliana Maria Catalano ◽  
Antonella Federica Montalto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Control Study

Background Recent literature data have highlighted the important role of hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy complications and prenatal/perinatal health. Vitamin D action takes place through vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of VDR gene, FokI and BsmI, have been reported to affect VDR molecular signaling and be associated with several disorders, including hypertension. Methods We carried out a case-control study aimed to assess vitamin D serum levels together with the distribution of VDR FokI and BsmI in a population of 116 pregnant women with gestational hypertension (GH) and 69 normotensive pregnant women (CTR). Results Hypovitaminosis D was largely prevalent both in GH (81%) and CTR (69%) pregnant women. Vitamin D insufficiency (10–30 ng/ml) had a similar frequency in both cohorts (GH 60% vs CTR 58%), while vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/ml) was more frequent in GH cohort than in CTR one (21% vs 11%). Regression analysis showed that GH was significantly (p = 0.031) linked to vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a threefold-increased risk of developing GH, while a normal vitamin D status was protective against this pregnancy disorder. The VDR FF/bB haplotype was the most frequent in GH cohort, and resulted to increase by two folds the risk for GH. Notably, hypovitaminosis D was found in 92% of FF/bB GH pregnant women, 27% of which had deficient vitamin D levels compared with 11% of their normotensive counterparts. Conclusions Despite being preliminary, these findings suggest that genotyping of pregnant women for VDR polymorphisms may be useful for a tailored vitamin D supplementation strategy.

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