scholarly journals Bioecology of Dominant Malaria Vector, Anopheles superpictus s.l. Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae) In Iran

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Ahmad Raeisi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Abai ◽  
Fatemeh Nikpour
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Flight Range ◽  
Vector Borne

Background: Malaria continues to be a main vector-borne public health problem in Iran. The endemic foci of the dis­ease are mainly located in south-eastern part of the country. Iran is now launching the elimination of malaria. Studies on the bioecology and susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticide are essential in this phase. Methods: The literature on bio-ecology of Anopheles superpictus s.l. Grassi was reviewed in Iran in more than half a century. Different aspects including, distribution, key identification, larval habitats, flight range, seasonal activities, irritability/susceptibility to insecticides, and anthropophilicity index were identified. Results: The adult females of An. superpictus s.l. were susceptible to all WHO-recommended imagicides except DDT. Distribution, morphology, sibling species, larval habitat, flight range, Irritability tests, sustainability index, blood feed­ing preference and related factors were discussed in details Conclusion: Results of the evaluating will help for decision making of authorities for vector control.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Muslim Students, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110134
Author(s):  
Chutima Rattanawan ◽  
Suraiya Cheloh ◽  
Asma Maimahad ◽  
Malatee Tayeh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia is a global public health problem. The prevalence of anemia among different ages, genders or ethnic groups must be clarified in order to solve problems. This study proposed to determine the prevalence and factors related to anemia among the Muslim school-age population in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from 200 school-age subjects. The thalassemia screening was performed with KKU-OF and KKU-DCIP reagents. The prevalence of anemia in this study was 36.5%, divided into males and females, 33.3% and 39.1%, respectively. The means of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the anemic group were significantly lower. The positive results for KKU-OF or KKU-DCIP or both were 15.0%, 2.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. The result of positive OF test was a significantly independent factor for anemia. The number of family members was 5 to 7 and more than 7 persons are related factors for anemia in this study. In summary, the contribution of thalassemia and socio-economic factor are associated factors to anemia in this population. These findings should be addressed in public health strategies for the control of anemia of school-aged Muslims in the region.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Knowledge, Testing, and Vaccination History among Undergraduate Public Health Students in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Osei ◽  
John Niyilapah ◽  
Gregory Kofi Amenuvegbe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Undergraduate Public Health

Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem in many parts of the world. The risk of acquiring the infection through exposure to blood, semen, and other bodily fluids is highest among health care workers (HCW) including trainees. Ghana is considered a high risk country for HBV; however little is known about the knowledge and prevention practices of the infection in the country. This study assessed the knowledge, testing, and vaccination history of HBV and their related factors among undergraduate public health students of University of Health and Allied Sciences in Ghana. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 226 students using a pretested questionnaire to assess Hepatitis B knowledge, testing, and vaccination history of the students. We performed logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between Hepatitis B testing and vaccination history and participants’ characteristics. Data was analysed using Stata Version 12. Results. Majority 169 (73.9%) of the 226 participants studied had moderate knowledge regarding HBV infection. About half 114 (50.4%) of them had never been tested for HBV infection, and 100 (44.2%) had received at least a single dose of Hepatitis B vaccine. The completed vaccination rate among the students was 30.5%. Students in their 2nd year (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 3.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.13, 7.52; p<0.011) and those with moderate (AOR: 4.76; 95% CI; 1.35, 16.82; P=0.015) and good (AOR: 5.40; 95% CI: 1.31, 22.36; P=0.020) level of knowledge were more likely to be tested for HBV. With regard to vaccination, females (AOR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.04-3.29; P=0.037) and regular students (AOR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.70; p=0.002) were associated with receiving the full dose of Hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion. This study highlights the urgent need for continued health education on HBV infection and strategies that ensure that health trainees are screened and fully vaccinated against the infection to prevent potential future exposure to the virus. The students’ representative council can organize free HBV testing and vaccination for all fresh students.

scholarly journals Oral Health and Related Factors Associated with General Health and Quality of Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4663
Author(s):  
Gaetano Isola
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Public Health ◽  
General Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Progressive Course

Oral well-being is an integral part of individual general health. The mouth and teeth are, in fact, part of our body, increasingly characterizing personal identity. Oral diseases are a public health problem that has a growing prevalence. Oral pathologies can occur in childhood, and as they have a chronic and progressive course, if not properly treated, they can affect the relational, psychological, and social skills of an individual. The population most affected are those with a low socio-economic level, so much so that the presence of diseases of the oral cavity is considered a marker of social disadvantage. In this regard, much effort is needed from scientists, and their applied sciences, in order to give the knowledge required for public health personal to take note of the seriousness of the situation and to start changing the way we deal with the problem.

scholarly journals Overweight and Obesity Coexist with Thinness among Lao’s Urban Area Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Katiya Ivanovitch ◽  
Sonemany Keolangsy ◽  
Nontiya Homkham
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Chi Squared

Introduction. In recent decades, the developing countries of Southeast Asia, including the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), have experienced a rapid growth of their urban population. Partly as a result of that, issues of undernutrition and overnutrition became a significant public health problem. Objective. To examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their related factors, among the school-attending adolescents in the Lao capital of Vientiane. Methods. A cross-sectional data on 300 adolescents aged 15–19 were collected during the months of March, April, and May 2018 by means of a self-administrated questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were used to obtain data on height and weight. Pearson’s chi-squared test, Fisher exact tests, and univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were applied in the course of the statistical analysis. Results. The study found a high prevalence of overweight/obesity (23.3%) and thinness (10.3%). Poor eating habits were noted in 67.0% of adolescents, even though 78.0% of them had a good knowledge of nutrition. Factors significantly associated with the overweight/obesity were low physical activities (aOR = 18.3; 95% CI: 5.51–60.66) and adolescents living with their guardians (aOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08–0.79). Results also indicated that, in 47.3% of the cases, teachers, acting as a source of health and nutrition information, can prevent the risk of adolescents’ overweight/obesity (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.11–3.80) but not their thinness (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.17–0.88). Conclusions. Laotian adolescents are facing the spectrum of malnutrition in urban areas. To improve adolescents’ nutritional status, there is a need for a collaborative approach of public health agencies that would address the issues of an effective food and nutrition policy. The school curricula should also include programs on nutrition and physical education.

scholarly journals Sustained Release of Nanoformulation of Diethyl Carbamazine (Dec) for Filariasis – a Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
D Yuvaraj ◽  
P Jai Preethi ◽  
A Saravanan ◽  
K H. Smila
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Diethyl Carbamazine

Lymphatic filariasis (LF), is a mosquito vector-borne disease and a major public health problem in the tropical countries. The annual mass drug administration (MDA) in India was studied in 1996-97. It was introduced with single dose of Diethylcarbamazine and was investigated  as a pilot project covering 41millon population. The study was extended to 77million population by 2002. The MDA is one of the strategies to eliminate LF in India. Liposomes, polymeric and solid lipid nanoparticles are the most promising nanopharmaceuticals which are easy to formulate, cheaper and can bring prolific consequences for filariasis management.  

scholarly journals Fauna and Larval Habitat Characteristics of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kashan County, Central Iran, 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Sadat Asgarian ◽  
Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat ◽  
Rouhullah Dehghani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
First Time

Background: Mosquitoes are responsible for spreading devastating parasites and pathogens causing some important infectious diseases. The present study was done to better understand and update the fauna of Culicidae and to find out the distribution and the type of their larval habitats in Kashan County. Methods: This study was done in four districts of Kashan County (Central, Qamasr, Niasar and Barzok). Mosquito lar-vae were collected from 23 active larval habitats using a standard 350ml capacity mosquito dipper from April to late December 2019. The collected larvae were transferred to containers containing lactophenol, and after two weeks indi-vidually mounted in Berlese's fluid on a microscope slide and identified to species by morphological characters and valid keys. Results: In this study, a total of 9789 larvae were collected from urban and rural areas in Kashan County. The identified genera were Anopheles, Culiseta and Culex. In this study larvae of An. turkhudi, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. deserticola and Cs. subochrea were collected for the first time from Kashan County. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the presence and activity of different mosquito species in Kashan County that some of them are vectors of arbovirus and other vector-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Feline Leishmaniosis: An Emerging Public Health Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Ana Elena Ahuir-Baraja ◽  
María Pilar Ruiz ◽  
María Magdalena Garijo ◽  
Lola Llobat
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
The Third ◽  
Feline Leishmaniosis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Vector Borne

Leishmaniosis is the third most important vector-borne disease in humans, preceded by malaria and lymphatic filariasis, and it is considered endemic in tropical and subtropical areas, where higher temperatures favor development of its vector, sandflies. This zoonotic disease is caused by infection of protozoa Leishmania spp. and the most serious mucocutaneous and visceral form is produced by Leishmania infantum, which predominates in the Mediterranean region. The usual hosts for this parasite are dogs and humans, but an increment in cases of L. infantum infection has been observed in cats in the last years. This increase could be due to the use of sandflies repellents in dogs, obligating the parasite to looking for other hosts. The role of cats in the epidemiology of this disease is unknown, although increase of prevalence of feline leishmaniosis has been observed in endemic areas in the last years. Diagnostic techniques and treatments in cats are not standardized, which makes it difficult to establish prevalence and epidemiology of feline leishmaniosis. Furthermore, the clinical signs and immune response against Leishmania in cats are different to those in dogs, with an observed increment of drug resistance. It is necessary to increase our knowledge about L. infantum infection in cats, including clinical signs, transmission, treatments, and the role of cats in the increasing of zoonoses. Finally, new alternative treatments are required for controlling the spread of this disease in all species of mammals.

scholarly journals “I lost close friends when they realized I had TB” – The lived experiences of TB patients in Nairobi City County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Muriithi Gateri ◽  
Isaac Nyamongo ◽  
Abdhalah Ziraba
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment

Abstract Background Tuberculosis is a global public health problem with serious health and social implications which produce unique experiences for the patients. Understanding the lived experiences of TB patients is important for appropriate and successful TB interventions. Unsuccessful treatment has grave public health consequences at individual and community levels. Methods Qualitative study using 40 narratives of TB patients, 40 home observations, and key informant interviews with 4 TB health care providers using an interpretive phenomenology. The 40 TB patients were interviewed twice, first at the healthcare facility with a follow-up interview in their homes. Results Socio-economic, structural and medication related factors shape the experiences of TB patients. Social factors such as stigma, lack of family and other social support influence the lived experiences of TB patients. TB treatment challenges such as side effects and financial constraints also shape the experiences of the patients. Although there is good patient-healthcare provider relationship, patients have to deal with long treatment regimens and the long queues when seeking treatment services in health facilities. Conclusions TB management programs should account for factors that influence the lived experience of TB patients to facilitate effective treatment. Many of these factors are barriers to effective treatment and management TB patients. Provision of social and family support, addressing stigma, counseling and addressing structural barriers may influence the patients’ positive experience and promote treatment adherence for successful TB management.

scholarly journals Prescription to practice in hypertension: a community experience in central Kerala

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsheba Mathew ◽  
Rajalakshmy Aiyappan ◽  
Mili M. ◽  
Navaneetha N. ◽  
Priyanka Shibu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Costs

Background: Control of blood pressure is a global challenge and non-adherence to hypertension medications is a public health concern. Patient, medication and system related factors can contribute to non-adherence. The study was to determine adherence to hypertension medications and to understand the barriers to adherence in an adult group in Pathanamthitta District of Central Kerala.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a community setting in 2016, among 139 adults aged 30 years and above on treatment for hypertension for at least six months. Those with gestational hypertension, those having serious comorbid conditions and those unwilling to participate were excluded. The data sheet included basic demographic information and history related to hypertension. A content validated eight item questionnaire was used to assess reported adherence and scores classified level of adherence as good (8), moderate (6-<8) and poor (<6). The data was analyzed using SPSS. Chi square test of significance and multivariate regression analysis were done. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The participants were in the age group 34-91 years, 50.4% belonging to 50-69 years, and 75.5% were females. Adherence to hypertension medications was good in 49.6%, moderate in 31.7% and poor in 18.7%. The most common factors reported to contribute to non-adherence were forgetfulness (70.5%), high cost of medications (51.8%), and symptom-free state (27.3%).Conclusions: Adherence was good in less than half the study participants and poor in almost one-fifth. Forgetfulness and high medication costs were the most commonly reported barriers. These findings highlight the importance of individuals, families and health service, joining hands to tackle the public health problem of non-adherence to hypertension medications.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Treatment Compliance among Tuberculosis Patients Receiving Directly Observed Treatment Short Course Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Sunita Sharma ◽  
Neeta Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Service Factors

Tubercular infection is still a pervasive public health problem in Nepal despite the massive efforts of National Health Service stakeholders. This study was carried out to identify the factors associated with treatment compliance among Tuberculosis Patients Receiving DOTS in 11 centres of Pokhara valley. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to collect information from 142 Tuberculosis patients. Purposive sampling method was used and chi-square test was used at 5% level of significance. Pattern of compliance was categorized as; compliance and non-compliance. Out of 142 respondents, majority (94.37%) of respondents was compliant and minority (5.63%) was non-compliant. Among non-compliant patients, (75.0%) of respondents missed their medicine in intensive phase and the reasons for non-compliance were carelessness of patients, forgetfulness of patients, confusion of staff, side effects of medicines and agitation by political parties. The study found no significant association of treatment compliance with demographic factors, patient related factors, health service factors and social factors (p>0.05). The finding was satisfactory that the compliance of TB patients was high i.e. (94.37%) of respondents were compliant. About (6.00%) of respondents were non-compliant. The reasons for non-compliance were due to their own cause rather than health service factors. They themselves were responsible for being non-compliant. Tuberculosis, being a major public health problem; six percent non-compliance is still a serious health problem and being non-compliant; these patients can transmit tuberculosis to many other healthy people in the family and community. Therefore, tuberculosis patients should be more conscious on treatment compliance to improve their health as well as of family and community. Key words: Compliance, non-compliance, DOTS Therapy

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