Medical students’ perception of professionalism climate in clinical settings

Medical professionalism has a crucial role in educating medical students. The role of professionalism in the clinical environment is therefore an important factor in medical education. This study attempts to evaluate the opinions of medical students in the teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) about the professionalism environment in this university. A sample of 165 students filled out the Persian translation of UMKC-SOM (Climate of Professionalism Survey) questionnaire. This instrument evaluates students’ perspectives on the degree of adherence to professionalism by faculty, residents and other students. The results of the study revealed that the total score of professionalism climate was 53.9 for faculty, 42.09 for residents, and 50.76 for students and the difference between these three groups was statistically significant (p-value < 0.01). Results of further analysis through post-hoc tests for multiple comparisons among the groups revealed that the students found their fellow students and faculty more professional than residents. The study also showed that the medical ethics course had no impact on perceptions observations (p-values > 0.05). The study results also revealed that the students found their fellow students and faculty more professional than residents. This finding demonstrates the importance of teaching professionalism to residents since they serve as role models for students. Further multicenter studies are needed to improve the professionalism climate in the medical teaching environment.

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Smoking habits among medical students: a survey at the University of Prishtina Faculty of Medicine

International Journal of Medical Students ◽

10.5195/ijms.2018.40 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 18-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Albina Fejza ◽

Fatjeta Maraj ◽

Hajrullah Fejza

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Role Models ◽

High Rate ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

P Value ◽

Student Survey ◽

Public Places ◽

Exact Test ◽

The University ◽

Medical University

Background: Smoking is a common habit among the population in Kosovo. In the country, smoking occurs in public places, health and educational institutions despite being prohibited by law. Our objective was to describe smoking habits, knowledge and attitudes among medical students from all departments in the University of Prishtina, Faculty of Medicine. Methods: The present study followed the Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) standardized methodology including data processing procedures. A self-administered questionnaire used was derived from the GHPSS. A total of 600 students were invited in the study while 470 returned questionnaires and participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data. The Fisher’s exact test was used to test the significance and a p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence rate of smoking among students was 16.9% (95% CI 13.2-20). Current smokers were 79 students, 28.2 % males, and 7.7 % females. The study showed that 55.5% of students smoke less than a pack of cigarettes per day. Almost half of them (47.6%) who smoke reported to have a smoker inside the family. This study also revealed that 74.7% of respondents smoke in the presence of non-smokers on daily bases. Conclusion: Despite threating their own health, smokers also cause noxiousness to the society and medical students should be role models for the others by not smoking. Even though the percentage doesn’t show a high rate of smokers in Medical University of Prishtina, still we need to pay attention to bad smoking habits and try to lower even more the percentage of smokers.

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Perception of Dentofacial Aesthetics in School Children and Their Parents

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1714040 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alisa Tiro ◽

Enita Nakas ◽

Amra Arslanagic ◽

Nina Markovic ◽

Vildana Dzemidzic

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

P Value ◽

Older Children ◽

School Students ◽

Children And Parents ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Dental Aesthetics ◽

The Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

The City

Abstract Objective The aim of this research was to examine the attitudes and perceptions of dentofacial aesthetics among different age groups. Materials and Methods The sample consisted of elementary-school students from the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and their parents. This study included 314 subjects: 157 children and 157 parents. The children’s group consisted of 85 (54.14%) males and 72 (45.85%) females, aged 9 to 15 years. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to determine frequency distribution and percentages for all variables. A chi-squared (x 2) test was used to determine the association between variables and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant for all the differences and associations. Results For the dentofacial appearance with no teeth irregularity or with severe teeth irregularity, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) (post-hoc tests—Tukey’s HSD) indicated that the difference is not statistically significant (p = 0.06) relative to rank matching between all three subject groups.For dentofacial appearance with mild teeth irregularity, an ANOVA (post-hoc tests—Tukey’s HSD) showed statistical difference (p = 0.07) between the teenage group of subjects relative to pre-teenage group of subjects and adult group of subjects. Conclusion Attitudes about desirable and acceptable dental aesthetics differ in younger children compared with older children and parents. Ten years old children find good function with poor aesthetics more pleasing, while 14 years old children find aesthetics with bad function as more pleasing.

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Intensive Care Unit Services Preparedness for the Pandemic: An Efficiency Analysis

Health Services Insights ◽

10.1177/11786329211037527 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117863292110375

Author(s):

Songul Cinaroglu

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Critical Care ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Health Resources ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Efficient Management ◽

Study Results ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

Intensive care unit (ICU) services efficiency and the shortage of critical care professionals has been a challenge during pandemic. Thus, preparing ICUs is a prominent part of any pandemic response. The objective of this study is to examine the efficiencies of ICU services in Turkey right before the pandemic. Data were gathered from the Public Hospital Statistical Year Book for the year 2017. Analysis are presented at hospital level by comparing teaching and non-teaching hospitals. Bootstrapped data envelopment analysis procedure was used to gather more precise efficiency scores. Three analysis levels are incorporated into the study such as, all public hospitals (N = 100), teaching (N = 53), non-teaching hospitals (N = 47), and provinces that are providing high density of ICU services through the country (N = 54). Study results reveal that average efficiency scores of ICU services obtained from teaching hospitals (eff = 0.65) is higher than non-teaching (eff = 0.54) hospitals. After applying the bootstrapping techniques, efficiency scores are significantly improved and the difference between before and after bootstrapping results are statistically significant ( P < .05). Province based analysis indicates that, ICU services efficiencies are high for provinces located in southeast part of the country and highly populated places, such as İstanbul. Evidence-based operational design that considers the spatial distribution of health resources and effective planning of critical care professionals are critical for efficient management of intensive care. Study results will be helpful for health policy makers to deeply understand dynamics of critical care.

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Lactulose versus lactitol in acute hepatic encephalopathy (HE).

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.08.4245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (08) ◽

pp. 1595-1601

Author(s):

Shahid Rasool ◽

Salman Azhar ◽

Talha Munir ◽

Mian Sajjad Ahmad ◽

Rizwan Abbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Study Results ◽

Level Of Consciousness ◽

Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a syndrome observed in some patients with cirrhosis, with depressed level of consciousness. Lactulose as well as lactitol has been used in the treatment of HE. Lactitol is comparable to lactulose in the treatment of HE with fewer side effects and better tolerated. However, literature showed equal efficacy of both drugs. So we conducted this trial to find better drug to implement its use in future. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of lactulose and lactitol in patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Medicine OPD and Emergency (East, West, North, South), Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: 6 Months June 2017 to Dec 2017. Material & Methods: 570 patients were included through non-probability, consecutive sampling after informed consent. Initial grade of HE was assessed and patients were randomly divided in two groups by using lottery method i.e. lactulose or lactitol. Patients were admitted to ward for management and kept under observation for 5 days. After 5 days, HE grades was measured again, then improvement in grade of HE (effectiveness) was measured. All data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. Chi-square was applied to compare both groups for effectiveness taking p-value≤0.05 as significant. Results: In this study the mean age of the patients was 44.22 ±11.81 years, the male to female ratio of the patients was 2.4:1. The mean duration of the cirrhosis of the patients was 3.73±1.61 months. In our study the effectiveness was achieved in 538 (94.39%) patients, out of which 263 cases were from lactulose group and 275 were from lactitol group and the difference was significant (p<0.0.5). Conclusion: Our study results concluded that Lactitol is better choice for the treatment of patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy as compared to lactulose. More efficacy was achieved in lactitol group patients than in lactulose group patients.

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Comparison of Upper Limb Disability in Overhead Women Athletes of Handball, Volleyball, Softball, and Swimming

Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy ◽

10.32598/ptj.11.2.446.2 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103-110

Author(s):

Elmira Arabi ◽

◽

Gholam Hossein Nazemzadegan ◽

Keyword(s):

Women Athletes ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Study Groups ◽

High Rate ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Overhead Athletes ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Post Hoc

Purpose: The shoulder joint is one of the most commonly injured joints in sports and may lead to disability, especially in the upper extremities of overhead players (handball, volleyball, softball, and swimming). Methods: This research is a causal-comparative study. After the approval of the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Tehran, this study was conducted on 120 overhead athletes (Mean±SD height: 1.69±0.07 m, Mean±SD weight: 63.54±7.79 kg, Mean±SD age: 21.96±2.94 years, Mean±SD body mass index: 22.11±2.32 kg/m2). The inclusion criteria were elite female players in overhead sports with at least three years of experience in one of these sports (handball, volleyball, softball, and swimming). Samples with a history of surgery or cervical nerve problems, fractures in the shoulder area, and inflammatory joint disease were excluded from the study. The demographic information was obtained through a researcher-made questionnaire, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire was used to measure the degree of upper limb disability in daily activities. Results: In comparison between the study groups, a significant difference was observed between the dependent variable (DASH) and the research groups (F=6.067, df=3, P=0.002, Eta=0.342). Using the Bonferroni post hoc tests, the difference between volleyball and softball (P=0.44), volleyball and swimming (P=0.009), and handball and swimming players (P=0.022) were reported. In the next step, BMI characteristics, weekly training hours, and the number of training sessions per week were entered into the data analysis process as covariate variables (F=8.099, df=0.3, P=0.000, Eta=0.432). The Bonferroni post hoc test indicates the difference between volleyball and swimming athletes (P=0.001) and handball and swimming (P=0.002). Conclusion: The present study results indicate a high rate of upper limb disability in elite women athletes. The present study results showed no difference between volleyball and handball due to the nature of these two disciplines and handball, softball, and swimming.

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Assessment of health-promoting lifestyle profile and its relation with well-being of medical students: A cross sectional.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.06.6000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (06) ◽

pp. 921-927

Author(s):

Subhan Ullah ◽

Mubarak Ali Anjum ◽

Khalid Parvez ◽

Uzma Sagheer ◽

Ghulam Abbas Sheikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Well Being ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Health Promoting ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Promoting Lifestyle

Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine the importance and assessment of a health-promoting lifestyle and its possible association with well-being of medical students. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Aziz Fatima Medical and Dental College Faisalabad. Period: June to July 2020. Material & Methods: The English version of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, and WHO-5 Well-Being Index were used in our study. Results: The research was conducted with 205 medical students. From which 102(49.8%) belongs from 4-year class and 103(50.2%) from 5-year class. Based on the table, the mean age of the total participants was 22.45(±1.03) years. Among the participants, the mean score of a health-promoting lifestyle was 133.36 ±18.90, which is interpreted as moderate. Lifestyle mean score is greater in 5th-year class as compare to 4th-year class but no significant difference was found because p value is greater than 0.05 there was a significant relationship between well-being and health-promoting lifestyle. Age and gender, were associated with students lifestyles. Independent t test is used to compare the mean difference in gender and MBBS class. Chi square test is used to find the significant association between well-being categories with gender and MBBS class. Pearson correlation coefficient method is used to measure the correlation between well being and healthy lifestyles. Conclusion: A health-promoting lifestyle of students in this study was moderate and they did not have an acceptable level of physical activity. The medical students’ curriculums need to be improved to enhance health promoting lifestyles.

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Are Online Synchronous Team-Based-Learning (TBL) pedagogy effective? Perspectives from study on a group of medical students in Oman (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.30381 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohan B Sannathimmappa

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Learning Strategy ◽

P Value ◽

Knowledge Application ◽

Active And Collaborative Learning ◽

Study Results ◽

Self Study ◽

Team Based Learning ◽

Immunological Diseases ◽

Teaching Learning

BACKGROUND Team-based learning (TBL) is highly structured, instructive, and student-focused pedagogy used by medical educators to foster students’ learning. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to qualitatively explore students’ perception on effectiveness of online synchronous TBL pedagogical strategy in promoting learning outcomes. METHODS A cross-over study was conducted on MD4 year medical students, using four modified TBL sessions on common immunological diseases. The means and standard deviations of the pretest and posttest scores were compared using unpaired T-test. ANOVA for cross-over design was used to find out confounding by sequence of interventions with a p-value of < 0.05 signifying significance. Students’ feedback on the effectiveness of online TBL sessions was collected through predesigned questionnaire on a 3-point Likert scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and was expressed as number and percentage. RESULTS In total, 139 MD4 year medical students participated in the activity. The overall response of our students toward the effectiveness of online TBL pedagogy was overwhelmingly positive. Majority (>80%) perceived TBL as an enjoyable active session that promoted their active participation and engagement in the learning process through student-led discussions. Also, many opined that TBL enhanced their critical thinking, problem solving ability, communication skills, and thus improved their knowledge. The posttest scores of the students who participated in TBL session was significantly higher when compared to self-study group, suggesting the session improved their knowledge. CONCLUSIONS TBL is an instructive and highly structured teaching-learning strategy, welcomed by majority of our participants. The pre-class preparation, readiness assurance tests, instructor’s feedback, and knowledge application exercises encourage students to engage in active and collaborative learning and thus aids in better knowledge acquisition. From our study results, it is concluded that online TBL sessions are effective in fostering students’ learning and can be used confidently when situation demands. CLINICALTRIAL NU/COMHS/EBC0001/2021

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P138 What are medical students’ perceptions of human factors in simulated learning events: a thematic analysis

BJS Open ◽

10.1093/bjsopen/zrab032.137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Alex Tebbett ◽

Jo Jennings ◽

Chris Bannon ◽

Mike Brown ◽

Qasim Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Human Factors ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Role Models ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Good Practice ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Clinical Environment ◽

Good Patient Care

Abstract Introduction Human factors, such as communication skills, are imperative to good patient care. In post-simulation debriefs we discuss these non-technical skills with medical students regularly, but do we have a good appreciation of what the terms mean to them, or what aspects of behaviour, good or bad, they focus on? Method Six human-factor sheets were developed to guide the students in their analysis of events in simulated scenarios. The sheets focused on one of: communication, teamwork, decision making, task management, situational awareness, or a final overview. A brief introduction to each factor was given as well as examples of good practice. The students were encouraged to record in writing what aspects of the scenario went well, and what could be improved, for a chosen skill. These sheets were then collected at the end of the session, with the students’ consent, for anonymous analysis. Data collection commenced last month and will run until December, with an estimated inclusion of about 100 students from two universities. The data will be analysed using thematic analysis performed by multiple researchers. Discussion If we can understand what aspects of these non-technical skills are considered important to our students early on in their career we can better tailor our teaching, both in simulation and in the clinical environment, to foster better performance throughout their training. By understanding what our students perceive, analyse, and internalise we can also reflect on our own practice and interactions to consider how we project as role models to our future colleagues.

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Kualitas Citra CT Abdomen Non Kontras Berdasarkan Variasi Rotation Time (Studi Penelitian dengan Menggunakan Phantom)

Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) ◽

10.31983/jimed.v3i1.3182 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 186-188

Author(s):

Dyah Arum Larasati ◽

Gatot Murti Wibowo ◽

Sri Mulyati

Keyword(s):

Image Quality ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Radiology Department ◽

P Value ◽

Rotation Time ◽

Optimal Rotation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Contrast Ct ◽

Post Hoc

Backgroud: Has conducted research in Radiology Department of RS Telogorejo Semarang regarding image quality of CT Abdomen non contrast based on variations of rotation time in phantom, especially noise and spatial resolution. This study was conducted to determine the difference in rotation time variation of the image quality (noise and spatial resolution) on a non-contrast CT abdomen and know the value rotation time is used in order to produce optimal image quality with the variations of the rotation time of 0.5 s, 0, 6 s, 0.7 s, 0.8 s, 0.9 s and 1.0 s.Methods: This research is a quantitative study with an experimental approach. Data have been collected from December 2016 to January 2017 in Radiology Department of RS Telogorejo Semarang. CT abdomen non-contrast examinations performed by using the modality of 64 slice CT scan and the data collected by assessing noise and spatial resolution in phantom. Further, data were tested with data normality test then the statistical test by Kruskal Wallis test has been used to determine the difference in image quality was noise and spatial resolution on non-contrast abdominal CT followed by Post Hoc test Mann Whitney on spatial resolution to determine a significant difference between the variation of rotation time .Results: The results of this study showed significant differences in spatial resolution with p value 0.001 and there were no significant difference in the value of noise with p value 0.001 non-contrast abdominal CT.Conclusion: Values optimal rotation time for CT Abdomen non contrast with variation of the rotation time are 0.5 s, 0.6 s, 0.7 s, 0.8 s, 0.9 s and 1.0 s for the spatial resolution is 0.6 s and 1.0 s for the noise.

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Perbedaan Tingkat Optimisme pada Mahasiswa Semester Awal dan Mahasiswa Semester Akhir Strata Satu Fakultas Kedokteran

Medical Scope Journal ◽

10.35790/msj.1.2.2020.27716 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Majesty P. Umboh ◽

Cicilia Pali ◽

Lydia E. V. David

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Observational Study ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Mann Whitney Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Abstract: This study was aimed to obtain the difference in optimism between the first and the final semester students of Faculty of MedicineThis was an analytical and observational study. Subjects were students of the first and the final semester of Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University Manado obtained by using total sampling technique. The instrument of this study was Alat ukur yang digunakan ialah kuesioner LOT-R questionnaire consisting of 10 items. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney test that obtained a p-value of 0.001 for the difference in optimism level. In conclusion, there was a significant difference in the optimism level between the students of the first and the final semesters of Faculty of MedicineKeywords: optimism, medical students Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan tingkat optimisme pada mahasiswa semester awal dan mahasiswa semester akhir Fakultas Kedokteran. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 100 mahasiswa semester awal dan 100 mahasiswa semester akhir Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan ialah kuesioner LOT-R (10 aitem). Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney yang mendapatkan nilai p=0,001 untuk perbedaan tingkat optimisme. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat perbedaan tingkat optimisme pada mahasiswa semester awal dan mahasiswa semester akhir Fakultas Kedokteran.Kata kunci: optimisme, mahasiswa Falultas Kedokteran

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