IDENTIFICATION OF ANTHRACHNOSE DISEASE ON STRAWBERRY FRUIT (Fragraria vesca L.) AND ITS CONTROL BY BETEL (Piper betle L.) LEAF EXTRACT

In Indonesia, strawberry is one of fruits which has high economic values. The growth of strawberry has increased significantly, but its productivity is still low because of disease attack. Disease that attacks strawberry started from nursery to post harvest is anthracnose that can be caused by Colletotrichum spp. Control efforts of anthracnose disease up to now has been done with application of synthetic chemicals which are known to be hazardous to the environment and human health. Betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is natural plant that potentially used as phytofungicide. Essential oils on betel leaf extract is reported can decrease the growth of pathogenic fungi. The objectives of the research were to identify Colletotrichum spp. in strawberry fruit that showed anthracnose symptoms, to test the potency of betel leaf extract as phytofungicide, and to evaluate the effect of betel leaf extract in inhibiting infection and disease severity of Colletotrichum in strawberry. Samples were taken from strawberry nursery in Magelang, Indonesia. The disease symptoms were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar, followed by identification of fungal colony and morphology by semi permanent slide preparation. Betel leaves were extracted with water to get a concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%, respectively. An in vitro experiment was done to evaluate the inhibition rate of betel leaf extract to the growth of Colletotrichum spp. colony. An in vivo experiment was done by submersion of strawberry to betel leaf extract before (preventive method) and after antrachnose attack (curative method), then disease infection and disease severity were measured after 7 days. The result of the research showed that anthracnose disease in strawberry was caused by C. gloeosporioides (Penz.). Twenty percent of betel leaf extract in an in vitro test had potential as phytofungicide and concentration of 100% betel leaf extract was the best concentration to inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) colony by 70.26±0,61%. In an in vivo experiment, submersion of strawberry before pathogen infection (preventive) with 100% betel leaf extract decreased disease infection by 40% and disease severity by 16%, respectively. While treatment of submersion of strawberry after pathogen infection (curative) decreased disease infection by 33,4% and disease severity by 17%. Keywords: strawberry, anthrachnose, disease, betel leaf

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Aktivitas antibakteri salep ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau (Piper betleL.) Terhadap infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Kartika Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi ◽

10.26874/kjif.v5i2.129 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Rissa Laila Vifta ◽

Muhammad Andri Wansyah ◽

Anita Kumala Hati

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Piper Betle ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Betel Leaf

Abstrak Sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) adalah tanaman yang mudah dijumpai di Indonesia. Secara empiris, sirih hijau digunakan sebagai antibakteri pada luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas salep ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau sebagai antibakteri. Pengujian efek antibakteri dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau dibuat dengan cara maserasi. Pengujian secara in vitro dilakukan menggunakan metode mikrodilusi terhadap Staphylococcus aureus untuk mengetahui nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak daun sirih hijau pada konsentrasi 3, 4, dan 5%. Kemudian ekstrak dibuat salep dan diuji secara in vivo menggunakan hewan uji tikus yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok ekstrak (konsentrasi 3,4, dan 5%), serata pembanding kontrol positif gentamisin 0,1%. Hasil uji dianalisis menggunakan Sapiro-Wilk dan dilanjutkan dengan uji ANAVA serta uji LSD untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil kelima kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak daun sirih yang optimal adalah 5%. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan lama kesembuhan luka meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih hijau. Hasil uji normalitas, Anava, dan uji LSD pada uji in vivo memberikan hasil yang sejalan. Konsentrasi 4 dan 5% merupakan konsentrasi efektif dengan aktivitas waktu kesembuhan luka tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol positif (gentamisin 0,1%) dengan rerata waktu berturut-turut 6,20±0,80 dan 6,00±0,71 hari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil uji antibakteri pada salep sejalan dengan uji secara in-vitro ekstrak daun Sirih Hijau yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri.Kata kunci: Daun sirih hijau, Antibakteri, Salep, Luka Antibacterial activity from ointment contains extract of green betle leaves (Piper betle l.) to Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection Abstract Green betel (Piper betle L.) is a plant that is easy to find in Indonesia. Empirically, green betel is used as an antibacterial to the wound. This study aims to determine the activity of ointment of ethanol extract of green betel leaves as antibacterial. Tests of antibacterial effects were performed in vitro and in vivo. Ethanol extract of green betel leaf is made by maceration. In vitro testing was done using micro dilution method to Staphylococcus aureus to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of green leaf extract at concentrations of 3, 4, and 5%. Then the extract was made ointment and tested in vivo using rat consisting of the negative control group, the extract group (concentrations 3,4, and 5%), the positive control of gentamicin 0.1%. The test results were analyzed using Sapiro-Wilk and continued with ANAVA test and LSD test to find out the comparison of the results of the five treatment groups. The results of in vitro test showed that the minimum inhibit concentration of green betel leaf extract was 5%. The results of in vivo test showed the duration of wound healing increased with increasing concentration of green betel leaf extract. The result of normality test, Anava, and LSD test on in vivo test give the same result. Concentrations of 4 and 5% were effective concentrations with wound healing time activity were not significantly different with positive control (gentamicin 0.1%) with mean time of 6.20 ± 0.80 and 6.00 ± 0.71 days respectively. It can be concluded that the antibacterial test results in ointment are in line with in vitro test of leaf green betel extract which has potential as antibacterial.Key words: Green betel, Antibacterial, Ointment, Wound

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Aktivitas antibakteri salep ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau (Piper betleL.) Terhadap infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Kartika Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi ◽

10.26874/kjif.v5i2.117 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Rissa Laila Vifta ◽

Muhammad Andri Wansyah ◽

Anita Kumala Hati

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Piper Betle ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Betel Leaf

Abstrak Sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) adalah tanaman yang mudah dijumpai di Indonesia. Secara empiris, sirih hijau digunakan sebagai antibakteri pada luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas salep ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau sebagai antibakteri. Pengujian efek antibakteri dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau dibuat dengan cara maserasi. Pengujian secara in vitro dilakukan menggunakan metode mikrodilusi terhadap Staphylococcus aureus untuk mengetahui nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak daun sirih hijau pada konsentrasi 3, 4, dan 5%. Kemudian ekstrak dibuat salep dan diuji secara in vivo menggunakan hewan uji tikus yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok ekstrak (konsentrasi 3,4, dan 5%), serata pembanding kontrol positif gentamisin 0,1%. Hasil uji dianalisis menggunakan Sapiro-Wilk dan dilanjutkan dengan uji ANAVA serta uji LSD untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil kelima kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak daun sirih yang optimal adalah 5%. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan lama kesembuhan luka meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih hijau. Hasil uji normalitas, Anava, dan uji LSD pada uji in vivo memberikan hasil yang sejalan. Konsentrasi 4 dan 5% merupakan konsentrasi efektif dengan aktivitas waktu kesembuhan luka tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol positif (gentamisin 0,1%) dengan rerata waktu berturut-turut 6,20±0,80 dan 6,00±0,71 hari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil uji antibakteri pada salep sejalan dengan uji secara in-vitro ekstrak daun Sirih Hijau yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri.Kata kunci: Daun sirih hijau, Antibakteri, Salep, Luka Antibacterial activity from ointment contains extract of green betle leaves (Piper betle l.) to Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection Abstract Green betel (Piper betle L.) is a plant that is easy to find in Indonesia. Empirically, green betel is used as an antibacterial to the wound. This study aims to determine the activity of ointment of ethanol extract of green betel leaves as antibacterial. Tests of antibacterial effects were performed in vitro and in vivo. Ethanol extract of green betel leaf is made by maceration. In vitro testing was done using micro dilution method to Staphylococcus aureus to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of green leaf extract at concentrations of 3, 4, and 5%. Then the extract was made ointment and tested in vivo using rat consisting of the negative control group, the extract group (concentrations 3,4, and 5%), the positive control of gentamicin 0.1%. The test results were analyzed using Sapiro-Wilk and continued with ANAVA test and LSD test to find out the comparison of the results of the five treatment groups. The results of in vitro test showed that the minimum inhibit concentration of green betel leaf extract was 5%. The results of in vivo test showed the duration of wound healing increased with increasing concentration of green betel leaf extract. The result of normality test, Anava, and LSD test on in vivo test give the same result. Concentrations of 4 and 5% were effective concentrations with wound healing time activity were not significantly different with positive control (gentamicin 0.1%) with mean time of 6.20 ± 0.80 and 6.00 ± 0.71 days respectively. It can be concluded that the antibacterial test results in ointment are in line with in vitro test of leaf green betel extract which has potential as antibacterial.Key words: Green betel, Antibacterial, Ointment, Wound

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Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Sirih dan Metode Ekstraksinya Dalam Menghambat Penyakit Antraknosa pada Cabai Pascapanen

Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia ◽

10.14692/jfi.15.6.213-227 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 213-227

Author(s):

Desi Trisnawati ◽

Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho ◽

Efi Toding Tondok

Keyword(s):

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Postharvest Disease ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Botanical Pesticides ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Fungus Growth

Extract of Piper betle as An Inhibitor of Anthracnose Postharvest Disease on Chili Pepper Chili is a horticultural commodity that mostly needed by consumers in the fresh condition. However, there is an interval of time needed to deliver it from producers (farmers) to consumers. During the supply chain, deterioration of the quality of chilli fruit can occur by the presence of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. The use of syntetic fungicides to control anthracnose disease is not recommended because it will leave residues that are harmful to consumers. The alternative that can be done is to use botanical pesticides as fungicides. The aim of this research is to study the potential of Piper betle leaves extract (PLE) in inhibiting the development of the antracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on the chili during storage. The sequences of this research were strarted with production of PLE by boiling method which was preceded by blanching, chopping, and without treatment of betel leaves, then bioassay of betel extract by measuring the diameter of fungus growth on PDA+ PLE. The third test was application of PLE on fresh chili fruits by spraying and soaking, continued by observed the antracnoseinsidence on chili during storage time (21 days). The results showed that the chopping method was the best betel leaf extraction method among other treatments, the use of 10% PLE concentration was the most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum in vitro, spraying treatment using 10% EDS was the most effective in inhibited the insidence of anthracnose disease.

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Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L) Terhadap Saprolegnia sp. Secara In Vitro [Antifungal Activities Test Of Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L) On Saprolegnia sp. By In Vitro]

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.20473/jipk.v5i1.11417 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Rahayu Kusdarwati, Pustika Murtinintias, Dewa Ketut Meles

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Concentration Test ◽

Fungal Suspension

Abstract Saprolegniasis is a mycotic disease caused by Saprolegnia sp. that usually attacking wild fish and farming fish. Saprolegnia sp. cause a lot of harm in process of the fish cultivation. Prevention and treatment of the common practice is use chemical drugs, but the use of these chemicals tend to be environmentally unfriendly and there are has karsinogenik effect. Therefore, the use of traditional medicines is one of alternative to control Saprolegnia sp. safer than chemical drugs. Green betel leaf contains phenolic compounds and tannins are efficacious as antifungal agent. This study aims to prove the antifungal activity of extracts of betel leaf (Piper betle L) for Saprolegnia sp., and to know the minimum concentration of betel leaf extract (Piper betle L) as antifungal for Saprolegnia sp. The design of this experiment is used completely randomized design (CRD) with 11 treatments and 3 replications. This study used the dilution method through the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration determination (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The concentration of the extract used was 50% (0.5 g/ml), 25% (0.25 g/ml), 12.5% (0.125 g/ml), 6.25% (0.0625 g/ml), 3.13% (0.0313 g/ml), 1.56% (0.0156 g/ml), 0.78% (0.0078 g/ml), 0.39% (0.0039 g/ml), 0.2% (0.002 g/ml) of betel leaf extract. A positive control containing 2 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide were added fungal suspension until 4 ml Negative control containing 2 ml of 10% DMSO were added fungal suspension until 4 ml. The main parameters in this study is the value of optical density (OD) for MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test and the absence of Saprolegnia sp. growing on SDA media for MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) test. 0.20% (0.002g/ml) concentration of of betel leaf extract is the minimum concentration that can inhibit the growth of Saprolegnia sp. MFC test results showed concentrations of 0.78% (0.0078 g/ml) betel leaf extract is the minimum concentration that can kill Saprolegnia sp.

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Influence of phytochemicals in piper betle linn leaf extract on wound healing

Burns & Trauma ◽

10.1186/s41038-015-0023-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Le Thi Lien ◽

Nguyen Thi Tho ◽

Do Minh Ha ◽

Pham Luong Hang ◽

Phan Tuan Nghia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Nih3t3 Cells ◽

Cutaneous Wounds ◽

Scratch Wound

Abstract Background Wound healing has being extensively investigated over the world. Healing impairment is caused by many reasons including increasing of free-radicals-mediated damage, delaying in granulation tissue formation, reducing in angiogenesis and decreasing in collagen reorganization. These facts consequently lead to chronic wound healing. Piper betle Linn (Betle) leaves have been folklore used as an ingredient of drugs for cutaneous wound treatment. However, the effect of betle leaf on wound healing is not yet well elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the healing efficacy of methanol leaf extract of Piper betle Linn on proliferation of fibroblast NIH3T3 cells as well as full-thickness burn and excision wounds in swiss mice. Methods Scratch wound healing assays were conducted to examine the effects of betle leaf extract on healing activity of fibroblast cells. Burn and excision wounds on swiss mouse skins were created for investigating the wound healing progress caused by the betle leaf extract. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was also evaluated to examine the products of lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) under conditions of with or without betle leaf extract treatment. Results The results of this study showed that Piper betle Linn leaf extract in methanol increased proliferation of NIH3T3 cells and promoted wound healing in vitro and in vivo with both burn wound and excision wound models. In addition, this extract significant decreased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver of treated-mice compared with that in non-treated mice. Conclusions Our results suggest that Piper betle Linn can be used as an ingredient in developing natural origin drugs for treatment of cutaneous wounds.

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The Influence of Papaya Leaf Extract to Anthracnose Disease in Papaya Fruit

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2019/v34i330152 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Sudiono . ◽

Efri . ◽

Muhammad Asep Awaludin

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Research Result ◽

Colony Growth ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Disease Occurrence ◽

Test Result

Aims: The objective of this research was to find out the influence of papaya leaf extract to the in-vitro growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and in-vivo anthracnose disease occurrence at papaya fruit. Methodology: This research used completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Obtained data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and mean scores were compared and tested with least significance difference (LSD) at 5% and polynomial test at 5%. Results: The research result showed the significant influence of papaya leaf extract and synthetic fungicide in inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides colony and the disease occurrence at papaya fruit. The polynomial test result of papaya leaf extract showed linier pattern of C. Gloeosporioides colony diameter and disease course progression. Conclusion: The papaya leaf extract inhibited C. Gloeosporioides colony growth at 2 up to 7 days after inoculation, but it did not inhibit spore germination and its density. The papaya leaf extract also inhibit the disease occurrence at 5 and 6 days after application.

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Uji Kemampuan Ekstrak Daun Beberapa Jenis Sirih (Piper sp.) Untuk Mengendalikan Jamur Aspergillus sp. Pada Benih Kacang Tanah Secara In Vitro

Konservasi Hayati ◽

10.33369/hayati.v16i1.11565 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 30-38

Author(s):

Nela Zahara ◽

Muhammad Ali ◽

Fifi Puspita

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Alternative Control ◽

Research Results ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Efficient Alternative ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Piper Aduncum

Vegetable fungicides are fungicides made from natural ingredients that are widely available in nature. One of the plants that can be used as a vegetable fungicide include several species of betel plants such as forest betel (Piper aduncum L.), red betel (Piper crocatum L.) and green betel (Piper betle L.). The use of several betel extracts can be used as an effective and efficient alternative control. This study aims to obtain the type of betel extract which has the potential as a vegetable fungicide that is able to control the fungus Aspergillus sp. The stages of this study consisted of the isolation of Aspergillus sp., Extraction and inhibition test of several betel extracts against the fungus Aspergillus sp., Seed treatment test with extracts of several types of betel. Based on research results giving green betel leaf extract, forest betel and red betel can inhibit the growth of the fungus Aspergillus sp. With the percentage of inhibition of 32.08%, 37.53% and 33.03% respectively. Giving betel leaf extract green, betel forest and red betel also can reduce the percentage of Aspergillus sp. amounted to 19.60%, 19.20% and 18.80% when compared to controls without administration of betel leaf extract. Application of several types of betel leaf extract and without betel leaf extract both produce a high percentage of normal sprouts (> 80%).

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Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle) sebagai Insektisida Nabati terhadap Mortalitas Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)

Jurnal Kesehatan Terpadu (Integrated Health Journal) ◽

10.32695/jkt.v10i2.42 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

Rinaldi Daswito ◽

Rima Folentia ◽

M Yusuf MF

Keyword(s):

Musca Domestica ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Effective Concentration ◽

P Value ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Microbiology Laboratory ◽

House Flies ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

The One ◽

One Way Anova

One of the diseases that can be transmitted by flies is diarrhea. Green betel leaf contains essential oils, chavicol, arecoline, phenol, and tannins which function as plant-based insecticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract (Piper betel) as a plant-based insecticide on the number of mortality of house flies (Musca domestica). The research was an experimental study used After Only Design used the One Way Anova test with a 95% confidence level. The samples used were 360 house flies. Each treatment of 30 house flies with 4 repetitions and used three concentrations of green betel leaf extract (25%, 50%, 75%). The study was conducted at the Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory of Health Polytechnic Tanjungpinang, while the location of the fly collection was at the Tokojo Garbage Collection Station in Bintan Regency. The number of mortality of house flies at a concentration of 25% was 81 heads (67.5%), 50% concentrations were 93 heads (77.5%), and at a concentration of 75% were 103 heads (85.83%). There was an effect of green betel leaf extract on the mortality of house flies (p-value 0.0001 <0.05) with the most effective concentration of 75%. Further research is needed to obtain a finished product utilizing green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide, especially in controlling the fly vector. Need further research on the use of green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide controlling the fly vector by taking into account the amount of spraying and the age of the fly. Keywords: Green betel leaf extract , organic insecticide, houseflies

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Improving the Biocontrol Potential of Bacterial Antagonists with Salicylic Acid against Brown Rot Disease and Impact on Nectarine Fruits Quality

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 209

Author(s):

Nadia Lyousfi ◽

Rachid Lahlali ◽

Chaimaa Letrib ◽

Zineb Belabess ◽

Rachida Ouaabou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Antagonistic Bacteria ◽

Biological Treatments ◽

Rot Disease ◽

The Impact

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of both antagonistic bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (SF14) and Alcaligenes faecalis (ACBC1) used in combination with salicylic acid (SA) to effectively control brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructigena. Four concentrations of salicylic acid (0.5%, 2%, 3.5%, and 5%) were tested under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Furthermore, the impact of biological treatments on nectarine fruit parameters’ quality, in particular, weight loss, titratable acidity, and soluble solids content, was evaluated. Regardless of the bacterium, the results indicated that all combined treatments displayed a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of M. fructigena and disease severity. Interestingly, all SA concentrations significantly improved the biocontrol activity of each antagonist. The mycelial growth inhibition rate ranged from 9.79% to 88.02% with the highest reduction rate recorded for bacterial antagonists in combination with SA at both concentrations of 0.5% and 3.5%. The in vivo results confirmed the in vitro results with a disease severity varying from 0.00% to 51.91%. A significant biocontrol improvement was obtained with both antagonistic bacteria when used in combination with SA at concentrations of 0.5% and 2%. The lowest disease severity observed with ACBC1 compared with SF14 is likely due to a rapid adaptation and increase of antagonistic bacteria population in wounded sites. The impact of all biological treatments revealed moderate significant changes in the fruit quality parameters with weight loss for several treatments. These results suggest that the improved disease control of both antagonistic bacteria was more likely directly linked to both the inhibitory effects of SA on pathogen growth and induced fruit resistance.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Properties of Taraxacum officinale in Nω-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME)-Induced Hypertensive Rats

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8080309 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 309

Author(s):

Olukayode O. Aremu ◽

Adebola O. Oyedeji ◽

Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji ◽

Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag ◽

Constance R. Sewani Rusike

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Free Radical ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Total Antioxidant

Oxidative stress has gained attention as one of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the development of hypertension. The present study investigated in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of 70% ethanol-water (v/v) leaf and root extracts of T. officinale (TOL and TOR, respectively). Total phenolic and flavonoid content of plant extracts were assessed using Folin Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods; while, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrlhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) protocols were used to determine the free radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacities (TAC), respectively. The in vivo total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde acid (MDA) levels for lipid peroxidation tests were performed on organ homogenate samples from Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats treated with leaf extract, TOL (500 mg/kg/day) and TOR (500 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. Results showed that compared to TOR, TOL possessed significantly higher (p < 0.01) polyphenol (4.35 ± 0.15 compared to 1.14 ± 0.01) and flavonoid (23.17 ± 0.14 compared to 3 ± 0.05) content; free radical scavenging activity (EC50 0.37 compared to 1.34 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacities (82.56% compared to 61.54% ABTS, and 156 ± 5.28 compared to 40 ± 0.31 FRAP) and both extracts showed no toxicity (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg). TOL and TOR significantly (p < 0.01) elevated TAC and reduced MDA levels in targets organs. In conclusion, T. officinale leaf extract possesses significant anti-oxidant effects which conferred significant in vivo antioxidant protection against free radical-mediated oxidative stress in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.

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