Control-Oriented Modelling and Optimal Adaptive Control of Parallel Compressors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Ismail Al Zawaideh ◽  
Khalifa Hassan Al Hosani ◽  
Igor Boiko ◽  
Abdulla AlQassab ◽  
Ibrahim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Efficient Power

Abstract Compressors are widely used to transport gas offshore and onshore. Oil rigs and gas processing plants have several compressors operating either alone, in parallel or in trains. Hence, compressors must be controlled optimally to insure a high rate of production, and efficient power consumption. The aim of this paper is to provide a control algorithm to optimize the compressors operation in parallel in process industries, to minimize energy consumption in variable operating conditions. A dynamic control-oriented model of the compression system has been developed. The optimization algorithm is tested on an experimental prototype having two compressors connected in parallel. The developed optimization algorithm resulted in a better performance and a reduction of the total energy consumption compared to an equal load sharing scheme.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of Pressure Formation Process along the Helix Channel Length of Screw Grinder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Pelenko ◽  
Ilkhom Usmanov ◽  
Vyacheslav Pokholchenko ◽  
Irina Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

The improvement of the technical equipment effectiveness is currently becoming particularly important. This applies not only to large and high-energy-intensive machines, but also to household appliances, the total energy consumption of which often exceeds the energy consumption of the overall equipment. These types of devices include, in particular, grinding and cutting equipment. The mathematical description of the processes carried out on this equipment is generalized and can be extended to a wider class of machines, including waste processing and mining equipment. The technological parameters, the design of screw grinders, and the processes of movement, deformation, extrusion and cutting carried out in them are characterized by a significant number of factors affecting the energy intensity. The main ones are the geometric parameters of the screw, machine’s body, cross knife, grinding plate’s thickness, the number and diameter of holes in it, as well as the product’s physical-mechanical characteristics and operating conditions. The most important for the mathematical description are the zones and processes where the main share of the consumed power is spent. The complexity of their analytical description is due to a simplified consideration of either individual technological zones of grinders’ existing designs, or the use of unreasonable simplifications.

OPTIMIZING THE PIPELINE DIAMETER OF A CIRCULAR SPRINKLER ACCORDING TO THE MINIMUM ENERGY CONSUMPTION CRITERION

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
NIKOLAY V. TSUGLENOK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

The authors have determined the conditions for the eff ective use of modern electrifi ed circular sprinklers in the central part of Russia. Their designs are chosen depending on the agrotechnical requirements for irrigation, including the change in the diameter of the water distribution pipeline. However, when the diameter of the pipeline changes, the load on the electric drive of the support trolleys of the sprinkler changes too, which leads to a corresponding change in energy consumption. In turn, this also changes the load of the water supply pump. The paper sets the task of determining the optimal change in the diameter of pipelines according to the criterion of minimum energy consumption, taking into account a number of assumptions. The authors have analyzed the relationship between the change in the load on the electric drive of the sprinkler support trolley and the change in the diameter of one sprinkler section pipeline. It has been found that a decrease in the diameter by 27% (for example, the transition of the diameter of 219 mm to the diameter of 159 mm) leads to a decrease in the load on the electric drive by 38%. However, this also leads to an increase in the head loss in the water supply pump motor and, respectively, to an increase in the load and energy consumption by 0.8…3.8%. The eff ect is initially obvious, but the power of the electric motor of the water supply pump is 10…25 times higher than that of the electric motor of the sprinkler support trolley. Based on the similarity coeffi cients of the irrigation components (water supply and water distribution), the relationship beteween the total energy consumption and the change in the diameter of the water distribution pipeline has been obtained. By diff erentiating the obtained function, the dependence of the value of the optimal diameter for specifi c operating conditions is also obtained. Graphs of the relationship between energy consumption and the change in diameter have been determined, taking into account some restrictions: pump supply, static pressure, and the number of the sprinkler sections.

Application of Aircraft Derivative and Heavy Duty Gas Turbines in the Process Industries

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Doherty ◽  
D. R. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Processing Plants

Typical applications of aircraft derivative and heavy duty gas turbines in petroleum production and refining, natural gas processing, ethylene, ammonia, LNG processing plants and offshore platforms are reviewed. Guidelines are included to illustrate how gas turbines can be applied to minimize fuel consumption and cooling water requirements and optimize space utilization.

scholarly journals Energy consumption of a passenger car with a hybrid powertrain in real traffic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bieniek ◽  
Mariusz Graba ◽  
Jarosław Mamala ◽  
Krzysztof Prażnowski ◽  
Krystian Hennek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Passenger Car

The analysis of energy consumption in a hybrid drive system of a passenger car in real road conditions is an important factor determining its operational indicators. The article presents energy consumption analysis of a car equipped with an advanced Plug-in Hybrid Drive System (PHEV), driving in real road conditions on a test section of about 51 km covered in various environmental conditions and seasons. Particular attention was paid to the energy consumption resulting from the cooperation of two independent drive units, analyzed in terms of the total energy expenditure. The energy consumption obtained from fuel and energy collected from the car’s batteries for each run over the total distance of 12,500 km was summarized. The instantaneous values of energy consumption for the hybrid drive per kilometer of distance traveled in car’s real operating conditions range from 0.6 to 1.4 MJ/km, with lower values relating to the vehicle operation only with electric drive. The upper range applies to the internal combustion engine, which increases not only the energy expenditure in the TTW (Tank-to-Wheel) system, but also CO2 emissions to the environment. Based on the experimental data, the curves of total energy consumption per kilometer of the road section traveled were determined, showing a close correlation with the actual operating conditions. Obtained values were compared with homologation data from the WLTP test of the tested passenger car, where the average value of energy demand is 1.1 MJ/km and the CO2 emission is 23 g/km.

scholarly journals Energy Saving Estimation of Athens Trolleybuses Considering Regenerative Braking and Improved Control Scheme

Resources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nena Apostolidou ◽  
Nick Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Direct Torque Control ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

In this work, the electromechanical system of the 8000-series of Athens trolleybuses, based on data provided by OSY S.A., is analyzed. Those data were used to develop a valid model in order to estimate the total energy consumption of the vehicle under any possible operating conditions. In addition, an effort is made to estimate the energy saving potential if the wasted energy—in the form of heat—during braking or downhill courses is recovered (regenerative braking) and retrofitted during normal operation. This process requires the installation of appropriate electrical apparatus to recover and temporarily store this energy amount. Moreover, due to the fact that the main engine of the system is an asynchronous electric machine, its driving scheme is also of interest. This study assumes the current driving scheme, that is the direct vector control (DVC), and proposes an alternative control method, the direct torque control (DTC). Energy consumption/saving calculations highlight the effectiveness of incorporating regenerative braking infrastructure in trolleybuses transportation systems. Finally, a sustainable hybrid energy storage unit that supports regenerative braking is proposed.

scholarly journals Study of energy consumption of a hybrid vehicle in real-world conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-645
Author(s):  
Jarosław Mamala ◽  
Mariusz Graba ◽  
Andrzej Bieniek ◽  
Krzysztof Prażnowski ◽  
Andrzej Augustynowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Motor Mode

The paper presents an analysis of energy consumption in a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) used in actual road conditions. Therefore, the paper features a comparison of the consumption of energy obtained from fuel and from energy taken from the vehicle’s batteries for each travel with a total distance of 5000 km. The instantaneous energy consumption per travelling kilometre in actual operating conditions for a combustion engine mode are within the range of 233 to 1170 Wh/km and for an electric motor mode are within the range of 135 to 420 Wh/km. The average values amount to 894 Wh/km for the combustion engine and 208 Wh/km for the electric motor. The experimental data was used to develop curves for the total energy consumption per 100km of road section travelled divided into particular engine types (combustion/electric), demonstrating a close correlation to actual operating conditions. These values were referred to the tested passenger vehicle’s approval data in a WLTP test, with the average values of 303 Wh/km and CO2 emission of 23 g/km.

Nelder Mead-based Spider Monkey Optimization for Optimal Power and Channel Allocation in MANET

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150119
Author(s):  
S. Jothi ◽  
A. Chandrasekar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Channel Allocation ◽  
Spider Monkey ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Spider Monkey Optimization

The Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) includes both the optimal allocation of shared channels and power in a network. Hence, obtaining the trade-off between energy consumption and delay is the major challenge. The source-constrained and maximizing lifetime of the unreliable wireless network includes optimal power allocation. We proposed an Integrated Spider Monkey Optimization Algorithm (ISMOA) for the minimization of energy consumption and the enhancement of throughput in MANET. The Nelder Mead Model (NMM) is used to improve the performance of the local leader stage in the spider monkey optimization algorithm. In this work, the novel approach is used to improve the performance of total energy consumption, throughput, and delay. The experimental works are executed in NS-2 software. The experimental results demonstrate the low delay, energy consumption with high throughput performance. Moreover, the proposed method outperforms the optimal performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF GEARBOXES APPLICATION IN POWER UNITS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (56) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Sergey N. PODDUBKO ◽  
◽  
Nikolay N. ISHIN ◽  
Arkadiy M. GOMAN ◽  
Andrey S. SKOROKHODOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Calculation Results

With all advantages, electric vehicles have a significant disadvantage — a relatively small driving range on a single charge of the traction battery compared to cars using hydrocarbon fuel. The solution to the issue is to choose a rational structural scheme of an electromechanical power unit to obtain its high energy efficiency regardless of the operating conditions. A significant number of electric vehicles produced today either do not contain gearboxes or contain single-speed reducers. The use of a multi-speed gearbox solves the problem of adapting the working processes of a traction electric motor to the loading conditions, bringing its efficiency as close as possible to the range of highly efficient values. Calculated estimation of energy consumption of the MAZ-4381EE electric delivery truck is carried out in the paper for various versions of the mechanical part of power unit: without a reducer, with the use of a reducer and two types of two-speed gearboxes (shaft and shaft-planetary). The evaluation is made based on consideration of the European test driving cycle NEDC, taking into account the use of efficiency maps of the traction induction electric motor. The calculation results showed that the use of two-speed gearboxes can reduce the total energy consumption by more than 1.8 times compared to a power unit with a high-torque motor and without a gearbox.

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Energy Saving Operation of Chillers in an Air Conditioning System

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 2293-2296
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu Sun ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Water System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Starting Point

The chiller’s operating energy consumption accounts for large proportion in energy consumption of air conditioning system. There are kinds of strategies can be used in the multiple chillers system. When running according to the load control of the chiller, different starting point and operating condition will affect the total energy consumption. Different operating conditions are put forward for a building chilled water system. According to simulate and analysis different operating condition, the optimum operation condition is concluded.

Energy Consumption and Stability Investigation of Constant Temperature and Humidity Test Chamber

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwesi Mensah ◽  
Jong Min Choi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Refrigeration Unit ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Temperature and humidity chambers are used to simulate many thermal-environmental conditions, as well as to observe the effects that a range of temperature and humidity have on a product or material at the manufacturing stage. The energy consumption and accuracy of these test chambers over the last decades have raised concerns for recent researchers. In this study, the energy consumption and stability of a temperature and humidity chamber was investigated under various operating and environmental conditions by adopting a variable speed compressor to the refrigeration unit. The accuracy of temperature and humidity was also investigated. It is found that, for a given surrounding environmental condition, as the dry bulb temperature conditions of the temperature and humidity chambers increased, the cooling capacity of the system increased while the refrigerating unit’s power decreased for all operating conditions. However, the total energy consumption of the test unit increased due to an increment in the electric heater output. In maintaining effective stability of temperature and humidity test chambers, it is observed that, varying the refrigeration unit capacity by adjusting compressor speed has the potential for reducing the temperature and relative humidity fluctuations within the chamber for a given operating condition. Adopting a variable speed compressor to the refrigerating unit, have the potential for reducing the energy consumption significantly according to increment of setting temperature of the chamber as well as ensuring system stability for temperature and humidity chambers.

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