The Effect of Eight-Week Corrective Exercises Carried out in Water on Pain, Neck Flexors Endurance and Upper Extremity Range of Motion in Patient with Upper Crossed Syndrome

Introduction: Lifestyle and the constant use of communication technologies have led to the upper crossed syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate of the effect of comprehensive corrective exercises carried out in water on pain, neck flexors muscles endurance and neck and upper extremity Range of Motion (ROM) in the patients with upper crossed syndrome (UCS). Methods: In this semi-experimental study, after initial screening, 30 students with upper crossed syndrome were selected and assigned randomly into experimental (n=14) and control (n=16) groups. Before and after the intervention, measurements performed to measure the level of pain by VAS scale, neck and shoulder ROM by inclinometer and neck flexors endurance by deep neck flexors endurance test. To analyze the data, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; version 18 software was used. The significance level was 0.05. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the mean of the pretest to posttest and independent t-test was used to compare the differences between groups. Results: The experimental group had significant improvement for endurance of neck flexors (P< 0.0001), neck ROM (P< 0.0001), shoulder ROM (P< 0.0001) and neck pain (P< 0.0001). Moreover, the results showed that there were significant differences for endurance of neck flexors (P< 0.0001), neck ROM (P< 0.0001), shoulder ROM (P< 0.0001), and neck pain (P< 0.0001) between groups. Conclusion: According to the results, we can say using water-based corrective exercises could have additional effect on increasing muscles endurance, upper extremity ROM and pain reduction in the patients with upper crossed syndrome, and could be as an effective method for the specialist

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Immediate effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching of hamstring muscles on straight leg raise, craniovertebral angle, and cervical spine range of motion in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness: A prospective randomized controlled trial

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation ◽

10.3233/bmr-201840 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Eun-Dong Jeong ◽

Chang-Yong Kim ◽

Nack-Hwan Kim ◽

Hyeong-Dong Kim

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Neck Pain ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

T Test ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽

Before And After ◽

Straight Leg Raise ◽

Pain Patients ◽

Group Effects

BACKGROUND: The cranio-cervical flexion exercise and sub-occipital muscle inhibition technique have been used to improve a forward head posture among neck pain patients with straight leg raise (SLR) limitation. However, little is known about the cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) and cervical spine range of motion (CROM) after applying stretching methods to the hamstring muscle. OBJECTIVE: To compare the immediate effects of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on SLR, CVA, and CROM in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness. METHODS: 64 subjects were randomly allocated to the static stretching (n1= 32) or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (n2= 32) stretching group. The SLR test was performed to measure the hamstring muscle’s flexibility and tightness between the two groups, with CROM and CVA also being measured. The paired t-test was used to compare all the variables within each group before and after the intervention. The independent t-test was used to compare the two groups before and after the stretching exercise. RESULTS: There were no between-group effects for any outcome variables (P> 0.05). However, all SLR, CVA, and CROM outcome variables were significantly improved within-group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were no between-group effects for any outcome variable; however, SLR, CVA, and CROM significantly improved within-group after the one-session intervention in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness.

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Text-based Character in Teaching Reading: Do Students Can Achieve Significant Result in Reading Test?

Utamax : Journal of Ultimate Research and Trends in Education ◽

10.31849/utamax.v3i1.5629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Hasan Hasan ◽

Andi Sadapotto ◽

Muhammad Hanafi ◽

Usman Usman

Keyword(s):

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

T Test ◽

Reading Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Good Classification ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

This quasi-experimental study involves the experimental and control group which consist of 60 students in first year of SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang 2019/2020 academic year. The reading test is used to collect data to find out do the students can achieve significant result in reading test using Text-based Character. Based on the result the mean score of the experimental group pre-test was 72.67 and classified into good classification, while the control group was 69.63 classified into good. The mean score of the post-test after treatment for the experimental group was 82.43 (very good) while the control group was 76.53, (good) classification still. The researcher found that the T-table is higher than the t-test (α) (1.659<2.021). It means that there is a significant difference in the pre-test of the control and experimental group, while in post-test of an experimental and control group, the researcher finds that the T-test is higher than the alpha and previous score in the the pre-test (α) (3.089>2.021). The degree of freedom is 58. This study reveals that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted, and the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. This is means that the use of Text-based Characters can improves students' reading skills in significant way.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE GAME IN TEACHING VOCABULARY OF THE FIRST GRADE OF MTs NEGERI 1 KEDIRI

Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Proficiency ◽

10.32503/proficiency.v1i2.710 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Uswatul Lyana

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Research ◽

First Grade ◽

T Test ◽

Choice Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Research Approach ◽

Online Game ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of the research was to analyze whether there is any effectiveness of online game in teaching vocabulary of the first grade of MTsN 1 Kediri. This research was quantitative research approach, the research design was quasy experimental by non equivalent group posttest-only. This research used two classes which became experimental group (VII C) and control group (VII E). The experimental group was taught by using online game, whereas control group was taught without online game. The instruments used in the research was multiple choice test. The procedures of using online game in teaching vocabulary are; preparation, main activities and post activity. The reasearch took 4 meetings and 1 meeting to do test. The result is online game in teaching vocabulary is effective. It can be proven by the result of t-test: the mean score of experimental group (M = 88.29) was higher than control group (M = 83.92), and independent-samples t-test which values of the sig. 2-tailed was 0.29% or 0.029 and 0.029 < 0,05. This result suggests that the use of media online game in teaching vocabulary is interesting way to learn English.

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Effect of an aged wearing suit on nursing student’s knowledge and attitude

BMC Nursing ◽

10.1186/s12912-021-00668-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Mandegari Bamakan ◽

Khadijeh Nasiriani ◽

Farzan Madadizadeh ◽

Fatemeh Keshmiri

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

The Elderly ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract Background The knowledge and attitude of health care providers are important and influential factors in providing care services to the elderly and need to be considered during the training course. Simulation in geriatric nursing education can be an opportunity for learners to experience the restrictions of the elderly. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of training through simulation on the attitude and knowledge of nursing students in elderly care. Methods This study was quasi-experimental with two experimental and control groups of pre and post-test, which was conducted on 70 nursing students of the 5th semester (two groups of 35 people). For the experimental group, the elderly simulation suit was worn for two hours, which was designed by the researcher and created sensory, physical, and motor restrictions similar to the elderly for students. Before and after the study, Kogan’s attitudes toward older people scale and Palmore’s “facts on aging quiz” were completed by students. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test and paired t-test using SPSS version 16 software. Results The mean scores of students’ knowledge in the experimental and control groups had no significant difference at the beginning of the study (p < 0.05). But the mean scores of knowledge in the experimental group before and after the intervention was (9.2 ± 2.6) and (15.3 ± 3.5), respectively, and in the control group before and after the intervention was (10.4 ± 2.9) and (11.3 ± 2.6), respectively, which had a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001). The mean scores of students’ attitudes in the experimental and control groups had no significant difference at the beginning of the study (p < 0.05). The mean scores of attitude in the experimental group before and after the intervention was (114.69 ± 8.4) and (157.31 ± 10.7), respectively and in the control group before and after the intervention was (113.34 ± 13.6) and (108.5 ± 16.6), respectively, which was significantly different (p = 0.0001). Conclusions Based on the findings, the experience of aging restrictions through simulation has improved the knowledge and attitude of nursing students towards the elderly. Nursing education requires the growth of attitudinal skills, individuals’ beliefs, and creating empathy among them, so creating simulation opportunities can assist nursing students in the educational processes.

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Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Predict Observe Explain (POE) Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Fisika Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Lembar Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016

Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi ◽

10.29303/jpft.v5i2.825 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Elistiana Safitri ◽

Kosim Kosim ◽

Ahmad Harjono

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Academic Year ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Test Result

The aim of this research is to know the effect of using Predict Observe Explain (POE) method toward students’ achievement in Physics. This is an experimental research by using experimental group and control group. The research design was Post-test Only Control Group Design. The population of this research was the students of class VII SMPN 1 Lembar academic year 2015/2016. The sampling technique was Cluster Random Sampling in which class VII 2 as the control group and class VII 3 as the experimental group. Both of the groups were given a pre-test before the treatment to know the homogeneity of the groups. The instrument used is an objective test in form of multiple choices. The finding showed that the mean of the posttest in experimental group was 70 and the control group was 60.67, in which both of them were distributed normal and homogeneous. The post-test result was analyzed by using t-test (t-test polled variants) in which the value of the was 2.473 and the was 2.015 with dk=46 and the significant level was 5%. It showed that the was accepted and was rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that Predict Observe Explain (POE) Method gave significant effect to the students’ achievement in Physics at Class VII SMPN 1 Lembar Academic year 2015/2016.

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Development and Application of Horticultural Kit for Children’s Horticulture Education

Journal of Korea Society for Plants People and Environment ◽

10.11628/ksppe.2021.24.6.595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 595-608

Author(s):

Hye Ran Kwack

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Attitude Change ◽

T Test ◽

Program Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Program Satisfaction ◽

Before And After ◽

Quantitative Results ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

Background and objective: For effective horticultural education, it is required to develop kits for practice. In this study, we developed a horticultural kit for germination that introduces storytelling, characterization, and assembly, and investigated the educational effects of using it to study its educational differentiation and usefulness.Methods: First, we developed a seed germination kit for learning. It consists of three components: the kit main frame for hydroponics, the activity sheet for storytelling, and the instruction manual. It is made into an acrylic assembly in consideration of the ease of delivery for contactless learning. Second, we developed two programs, each using a germination kit for horticultural education (experimental group) and a general germination kit program (control group). At this time, the class consists of pre-questionnaire, the 1st and 2nd classes, observation log writing (total six times for two weeks), the 3rd class, and post-questionnaire. The experimental group and control group were separately executed. Third, the application results were compared and analyzed before and after class. As a quantification questionnaire, the effects before and after class were compared through t-test with a questionnaire on program satisfaction and attitude change toward plants. The quantitative results were analyzed through observation activity sheets and effects before and after the class were analyzed through t-test with quantification and language coding.Results: The effect of horticulture education using the developed kit was estimated by a quantification questionnaire. Both the program satisfaction and the change in attitude toward plants showed high in the experimental group, and this difference was statistically significant (p < .05). As a result of analyzing the observation paper with a qualitative questionnaire, various cognitive and affective expressions appeared in the experimental group as well as the contents of the observation paper. The number of syllables and various qualitative expressions appeared, and these differences were also statistically significant (p < .05).Conclusion: Compared to general germination activities, it was found that the germination activities using storytelling-based horticultural kits would be effective for contactless classes in the post-COVID-19 era and in increasing the educational effect of horticultural activities.

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THE USE OF AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA TO INCREASE THE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY: A CASE OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA N 1 CEPIRING KENDAL

ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) ◽

10.26877/eternal.v4i1.1949 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rudi Hartono

Keyword(s):

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Audiovisual Media ◽

Final Project ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tenth Grade ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

This study is concerned with teaching vocabulary by using audiovisual media. The objectives of this final project are 1) to find out the students’ vocabulary taught without using audiovisual media, 2) to find out the students’ vocabulary taught using audiovisual media, 3) to find out significance difference between the students’ vocabularywho are taught by using audiovisual media and those taught without using audiovisual media. The population of this study is the tenth grade students of SMA N 1 Cepiring Kendal. The researcher takes two classes as the subject of thisresearch. The classes are X IIS 3 and XIIS 4. They are divided into experimental group (X IIS 3) and control group (X IIS 4). The researcher uses test to get the data. The test consists of two tests, they are pre-test and post-test. From the data analysis, the researcher obtains the mean score both the experimentaland control groups. The mean score of thepre-test in the experimental group is 56.71, while the mean score of the post-test in the experimental group is 75.42. The improvement in the experimental group is 18.42. The mean score of the pre-test in the control group is 52.85, while the mean score ofthe post-test in the control group is 61.00. The improvement in the control group is 8.15.The result of t-test is 8.01, while the value of t-table is 2.00. It means that the value of t-test is higher than t-table (8.01 > 2.00). From the data above, it can be concluded that there are significant difference between the students’ who are taught by using audiovisual media and taught without using audiovisual media. The data proves that it is affective to use audiovisual mediato increase students’ vocabulary ability.

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Effect of the Use Lethal Ovitrap to Population Aedes sp

Medical Science & Healthcare Practice ◽

10.22158/mshp.v1n1p20 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Tri Ramadhani ◽

Bondan Fajar Wahyudi

Keyword(s):

Population Control ◽

Total Sample ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

Dengue vector control has been done in various ways, however, has not been able to obtain optimal results. Ovirap use to determine the presence of Aedes sp in a region is often done, but the application of lethal ovitrap for population control Aedes sp still rarely done. This study was aimed to assess the effect of LO applications on populations of Aedes sp. This research includes quasi experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group without randomization. Research sites in dengue in endemic areas in Banyumas district, with a total sample of 100 homes in each treatment and control areas. Insecticides used on ovistrip is cypermethrin at a dose of 12.5 mg ai/strip. Populations of Aedes sp measured each week for three weeks prior to the intervention and twelve weeks during the intervention. The mean density of Aedes sp compared before and after intervention and between treatment and control areas. The study showed the difference of mosquito densities before and after the intervention in the experimental group was 0,07 ( p-value 0.044), whereas the control group was 0.037 (p-value 0.341). LO use with the addition of insecticide active ingredient cypermetrin on ovistrip impact on the decline density of Aedes sp.

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COMBINATION OF HYPNOSIS THERAPY AND RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISE ON UPPER-EXTREMITY MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PATIENTS WITH NON-HEMORRAGHIC STROKE

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 104-111

Author(s):

Chandra Irawan ◽

Mardiyono Mardiyono ◽

Suharto Suharto ◽

Aris Santjaka

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Mean Value ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Paired T Test

Background: Range of Motion (ROM) exercise has been identified in the literature that it has an effect in improving muscle strength, especially in patients with stroke. However, little is known about the effect of ROM exercise combined with hypnosis therapy.Objective: To determine the effect of combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise on upper extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic.Methods: This study employed a quasy experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. Thirty-two samples were selected using simple random sampling, which 16 randomly assigned in the experiment and control group. Muscle strength was measured using Muscle Strength Scale. Hypnosis Deepening test was used to measure the level of hypnosis depth. Paired t-test and Independent t-test were used for data analysis.Results: The mean value of muscle strength in the experiment group was 3.50 and the mean value in the control group was 2.62. Independent sample t-test obtained p-value = 0.012, indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean of muscle strength of upper extremity in the experiment and control group. Paired t-test obtained p-value = 0.000, which indicated that there was significant difference between the average of muscle strength value before and after treatmentConclusion: The combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise has a significant effect in increasing muscle strength of upper extremity in patients with stroke non-haemorrhagic.

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THE TEXT-BASED CHARACTER IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION AT THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS

10.31219/osf.io/p53sn ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Like Raskova Octaberlina ◽

Andi Asrifan

Keyword(s):

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Reading Skill ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Teaching Reading ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Good Classification ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

The objective of this article was to find out whether or not using Text-based Character in Teaching Reading Comprehension.In this research, the researcher applied quasi experimental method using two groups namely an experimental and a control group. The population was the first-year students of SMA Negeri 4 Sidenreng Rappang in academic year 2019/2020. The total population is about 60 students. The sample of this research is selected by using cluster sampling techniques which is divided into two groups namely an experimental group and control one. The instrument was intended to measure the students’ achievement of language skill particularly reading skill. The model of reading test is a objective test. Based on the reseach result, the researcher found that the mean score of pretest of experimental group was 72.67, it was classified into good classification and the mean score of students ’pretest of control group was 69.63, it was classified into good classification. After doing treatments, the result shows that the mean scores of both experimental and control group were different. The mean score of posttest for experimental group was 82.43 which was classified into very good classification and the mean score of control group was 76.53 which was classified into good classification. In other hand, the researcher found that the T-table is higher than t-test (α) (1.659<2.021). It means that there is significant difference in pretest of control and experimental group, while in posttest of experimental and control group, the researcher find that the T-test is higher than alpha and previous score in pre-test (α) (3.089>2.021).The degree of freedom is 58.It means that there is significant difference in posttest. It indicates that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. It can be concluded that the use of Text-based Character improves students' reading skill.

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