scholarly journals On the Therapeutic Applications of Music in Persian Medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjes Gorji ◽  
Reihaneh Moeini ◽  
Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Applied Music ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Gastrointestinal Ulcer ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Musical Knowledge ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Mental Characteristics ◽  
Music Effects

Music history is as old as human history and it has been used as a way to reduce human suffering. Persian Medicine (PM) scholars as one of the oldest traditional medicines applied music for health and disease management. This study aims to introduce some of the views and recommendations of PM sages about importance and application of music in disease improvement. Definition and applications of music were collected from main PM medical text books and then databases including Science direct, PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar were searched to evaluation the efficacy of PM recommendations in conventional medicine from 1980-Jan-1 to 2020-Nov-1. PM used music and melody with several instruments to calm and soothe mind and body. Great PM scientists like Rhazes (10th), Farabi (10th) and Qutb o Din (14th), were dominant figures in terms of musical knowledge. They used music for treatment of several conditions including nervous system diseases (headache and epilepsy), sleep disorders, heart weakness and palpitation, digestive system disorders (gastrointestinal ulcer and appetite), sexual dysfunction, and also for pain management. Nowadays, some of their suggested applications are examined in research studies and are used in academic healthcare environments against several diseases. According to PM, to achieve the maximum impact of music effects in mind and body, several points should be considered including coordination of rhythm and melody with physical and mental characteristics and temperaments (Mizaj) of the listener and his/her illness. The duration of listening to the music can also be important. Attention to these points in today’s research may lead to interesting results.

scholarly journals An Evidence-Based Study on Medicinal Plants for Hemorrhoids in Medieval Persia

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashem Hashempur ◽  
Fatemeh Khademi ◽  
Maryam Rahmanifard ◽  
Mohammad M. Zarshenas
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine

Hemorrhoids is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. There are several therapeutic options associated with some complications. Therefore, researchers look for traditional medicines as a potential resource for introduction of new natural drugs. The current study reports an evidence-based review of herbal remedies for hemorrhoids in traditional Persian medicine. A comprehensive survey about hemorrhoids on the most important manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine was done. Then, scientific data banks were searched for possible related properties of each herb in the conventional medicine. We reported some historical aspects of traditional Persian medicine view on classification, examination, and predisposing factors of hemorrhoids. In addition, we have reported 105 medicinal plants belonging to 51 families. More than half of the reported herbs exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Although lack of human studies regarding the mentioned herbs is noted, positive results from experimental findings can be considered for new drug discovery supported by traditional and medieval experiences.

scholarly journals Targeting Atherosclerotic Plaque in Avicenna’s View

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sima Sadrai ◽  
Maryam Yakhchali ◽  
Mahdi Alizadeh Vaghasloo ◽  
Mehran Mirabzadeh Ardakani ◽  
Mahdi Vazirian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Alternative Medicines

Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) including atherosclerosis is currently the most common cause of death in the world. Atherosclerosis can be treated by a vast variety of modalities: from lifestyle modification to invasive open surgical bypass procedures. Regarding the limitations of conventional medicine, worldwide attention to complementary and alternative medicines has increased because of their holistic approach, lower cost and better public access. In this move towards Integrative Medicine -besides other traditional schools of medicine-Persian Medicine (PM) with its long historical background should be considered as a suitable source for research. Method: In this study we investigated major traditional literature of PM, Avicenna’s “Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb” [The Canon of medicine], to find suitable treatment modalities of atherosclerosis in comparison to conventional methods. Result: In the quest for a concept close to atherosclerosis, “sodde” (meaning obstruction) seems to be equal to atherosclerosis and “Mofattehaat” as opener drugs with different types including “Mohallelaat” (dissolvers) and “Moghatteaat” (cutting agents) have been recommended to remove the obstructing materials. Recent studies indicate that many of the medicinal herbs which were introduced as opener drugs by Avicenna have potential pharmacological effects on managing atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Scientific evidence confirm the efficacy of traditional herbs for elimination of atheroma. Antiobstructive traditional medicines are similar to the conventional atherectomy in targeting atheroma by removing atherosclerotic plaque directly, but they are non-invasive, user-friendly, much cheaper and probably with less side effects.

scholarly journals The Effects of AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinura edodes Mycelia, on Natural Killer and T Cells in Health and Disease: Reviews on Human and Animal Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Sun Shin ◽  
Hong-Jai Park ◽  
Takahiro Maeda ◽  
Hiroshi Nishioka ◽  
Hajime Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Health And Disease

Mushrooms have been used for various health conditions for many years by traditional medicines practiced in different regions of the world although the exact effects of mushroom extracts on the immune system are not fully understood. AHCC® is a standardized extract of cultured shiitake or Lentinula edodes mycelia (ECLM) which contains a mixture of nutrients including oligosaccharides, amino acids, and minerals obtained through liquid culture. AHCC® is reported to modulate the numbers and functions of immune cells including natural killer (NK) and T cells which play important roles in host defense, suggesting the possible implication of its supplementation in defending the host against infections and malignancies via modulating the immune system. Here, we review in vivo and in vitro effects of AHCC® on NK and T cells of humans and animals in health and disease, providing a platform for the better understanding of immune-mediated mechanisms and clinical implications of AHCC®.

Psychosomatic Medicine: Past and Present Part I. Historical Background

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.J. Lipowski
Keyword(s):  
Psychosomatic Medicine ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Present Part ◽  
Relationship Of

Psychosomatic Medicine as an organized field of scientific inquiry and a mode of approach to patient care has existed for 50 years. It has focused on the study of the interaction of psychosocial and biological factors in health and disease. Despite its relatively recent origin, this field continues a long tradition in Western thought and medicine, one concerned with the reciprocal relationship of mind and body as two integral aspects of the human organism. That tradition goes back to ancient Greece and represents a counterpoint to the dualistic and reductionistic conceptions. Psychosomatic medicine merged as a reaction against them and as an organized attempt to subject various aspects of mind-body relationship in health and disease to scientific inquiry. Three major methodological approaches to such inquiry have been employed: the psychoanalytic, the psychophysiological, and the psychobiological. The author discusses the relative contributions of these approaches in the first phase in the development of psychosomatic medicine, i.e. between circa 1930 and 1960.

Wet Cupping and Phlebotomy in Management of Oligo/Amenorrhea: View of Persian Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Meyari ◽  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Mojgan Tansaz ◽  
Roshanak Mokaberinejad ◽  
Mahdi Biglarkhani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
View Point ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Oligo/amenorrhea is one of the most common women’s complaints. The most frequent pathologic causes of this condition is polycystic ovaries that leads to unovulatory cycles. Because of insufficiency of treatment in conventional medicine, we studied view point of Persian Medicine. We searched main Persian Medicine references to collect important information about wet-cupping and phlebotomy in treatment of oligo/amenorrhea especially in patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. For gathering evidence that establish this idea, we searched main English and Persian language databases for studies about effectiveness of wet-cupping and phlebotomy on menstruation. Excretion blood from lower extremities especially saphenous vein phlebotomy and calves wet-cupping while massive blood excreting is recommended by Persian physicians in Ehtebas-e-tams (oligo/amenorrhea). From the 106 citations identified from electronic searches, at beginning, 3 ones meet our study objectives. These articles showed that wet-cupping effect on menstruation in women with PCOS and fertilization. Although any study didn’t find about effectiveness of phlebotomy on menstruation or fertilization, but majority studies show effect of phlebotomy or blood donation on decrease of insulin resistance. More research about treating this condition needed to confirm the affectiveness of phlebotomy or wet-cupping in treatment of oligo/amenorrhea.

scholarly journals Are Traditional Remedies Useful in Management of Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? A Review Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mahjoub ◽  
Roshanak Salari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Noras ◽  
Mahdi Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Persistent Fatigue ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine ◽  
In The Beginning

Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome are disorders that often occur simultaneously and are characterized by widespread pain and persistent fatigue. The patients are associated with disability and impairment social and physical functions. There are many remedies in traditional Persian medicine suggested for management of the disease complaints. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical presentations and pathophysiology of disorders with the basic and principal textbook of traditional Persian medicine written by Avicenna ( Canon of Medicine). According to Persian medicine, the term E’aya can be matched by mentioned disorders. Avicenna believed that strenuous activities play an important role in the beginning of some types of fatigue. He classified fatigue into 4 groups, and in each type the clinical symptoms varied. The multifaceted entity of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome in Persian medicine and conventional medicine suggests multidisciplinary therapies in management of these disabling disorders.

A Perfect Storm

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Iris Berent
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Core Knowledge ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Perfect Storm

Having named the storm makers (the twin principles of Dualism and Essentialism) and described their distractive potential, Chapter 8 moves to track the two forces in action in a laboratory setting. The first set of experiments tests the effects of Dualism, showing that people do, in fact, believe that traits that are considered “ideas” must be immaterial. The second examines whether participants believe that immaterial traits cannot be innate, as would be required by Essentialism. Next, we chase the storm itself. As a proof of our forecasting skills, we demonstrate that it is possible to change the storm’s course (people’s intuitions about nativism) by tweaking its ingredients. The antinativist bias can be heightened in a laboratory setting by increasing the perceived distance between mind and body (as in Dualism), and it can be lessened by suggesting that innate biological traits have a material basis in the human body (as in Essentialism). Together, these experiments demonstrate that antinativism is an inevitable byproduct of the clash between these two principles of core knowledge. Having exposed our blindness to what we know, the second part of the book proceeds to explore the implications of this thesis to who we think we are. We consider a vast number of social and personal matters, including our thoughts and feelings, our reasoning about the brain in health and disease, what happens when we die, and our free will.

scholarly journals Herbal Medicine for Oligomenorrhea and Amenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Ancient and Conventional Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Moini Jazani ◽  
Kobra Hamdi ◽  
Mojgan Tansaz ◽  
Hossein Nazemiyeh ◽  
Homayoun Sadeghi Bazargani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Iranian Traditional Medicine ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine

Introduction. Menstrual bleeding cessation is one of the most frequent gynecologic disorders among women in reproductive age. The treatment is based on hormone therapy. Due to the increasing request for alternative medicine remedies in the field of women’s diseases, in present study, it was tried to overview medicinal plants used to treat oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea according to the pharmaceutical textbooks of traditional Persian medicine (TPM) and review the evidence in the conventional medicine. Methods. This systematic review was designed and performed in 2017 in order to gather information regarding herbal medications of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in TPM and conventional medicine. This study had several steps as searching Iranian traditional medicine literature and extracting the emmenagogue plants, classifying the plants, searching the electronic databases, and finding evidences. To search traditional Persian medicine references, Noor digital library was used, which includes several ancient traditional medical references. The classification of plants was done based on the repetition and potency of the plants in the ancient literatures. The required data was gathered using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and web of knowledge. Results. In present study of all 198 emmenagogue medicinal plants found in TPM, 87 cases were specified to be more effective in treating oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. In second part of present study, where a search of conventional medicine was performed, 12 studies were found, which had 8 plants investigated: Vitex agnus-castus, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Foeniculum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum, Paeonia lactiflora, Sesamum indicum, Mentha longifolia, and Urtica dioica. Conclusion. Traditional Persian medicine has proposed many different medicinal plants for treatment of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. Although just few plants have been proven to be effective for treatment of menstrual irregularities, the results and the classification in present study can be used as an outline for future studies and treatment.

scholarly journals Fatigue Due to Multiple Sclerosis: A Comparison Between Persian Medicine and Conventional Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e1139
Author(s):  
Hossein Rezaeizadeh ◽  
Roja Rahimi ◽  
Maryam Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Citrus Medica ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Asarum Europaeum

Fatigue is one of the most debilitating symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), and its definite pathophysiology is unclear. Studies have suggested some correlates for it including dysfunction or atrophy in different parts of the brain. This narrative review study compares the viewpoint of conventional medicine and Persian medicine (PM) about fatigue due to MS and introduces the treatments used for this complaint in PM with an evidence-based approach. PM scholars have used the term I’ya equal to fatigue and stated that I’ya might be due to exertion or not, while the latter (spontaneous I’ya) can be prodromal of a disease. This pathologic fatigue can be seen in a wide variety of neurologic diseases, though it is the most common in MS patients. Fatigue in MS can be considered one of the equivalents of spontaneous I’ya. According to PM texts, neurotonic herbs like Ferula, Citrus medica, Asarum europaeum, Ficus carica, and Juglans regia may be beneficial in alleviating fatigue by brain reinforcement. Different pharmacological mechanisms have been introduced for these plants including antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activities. The medicinal plants can be assumed as a valuable source for discovering new medicines for fatigue in MS. Designing preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the effects of mentioned medicinal herbs in fatigue is proposed for obtaining more conclusive results. [GMJ.2019;8:e1139]  

Understanding Holism in the light of principle underlying practice of Unani Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasim Ahmad ◽  
Ghulamuddin Sofi ◽  
Md Anzar Alam ◽  
Mohd Zulkifle ◽  
Bilal Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Disease Causation ◽  
Basic Relationship ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The holistic Unani medicine is fundamentally different from the reductionist conventional medicine. It asserts the self-integration amongst its basic disciplines, without considering them underlying principles of Unani system of medicine cannot be understood. The diagnosis, selection of drugs, and plan of treatment is also overlooked. Unani scholars attribute health to the functions or actions of the body in a normal way. The constitution is considered as the result of need based on the amalgamation of Arkan (primordial essence). Umoor Tabiya (basic principles) interact at many levels and manifest into Kaifiyyat (Mizaj), Akhlat (Humour), Arwaah (Pneuma), Quwa (faculties), and Tabiyat (Physis) which need to be understood properly for effective management and diagnosis of disease in Unani medicine as well as its treatment. Ilmul Asbab is applied in the prevention of disease as well as in disease causation. In Unani medicine, there should be conformity in between, Asbab (causes), Alamaat (symptoms), and therapeutics. Therefore; the treatment strategy needs the knowledge of Ilmul Asbab. This paper will examine the basic relationship amongst disciplines i.e. Basic principles, diagnosis, and principles of treatment. It will attempt to illustrate the need for awareness of the basic principles of health and disease for a physician for effective management of disease which is what Unani medicine claims to be holistic.

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