scholarly journals ROOT SYSTEM IN MAIZE PLANTS CULTIVATED UNDER WATER DEFICIT AND APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
LORENA GABRIELA ALMEIDA ◽  
EDER MARCOS DA SILVA ◽  
PAULO CÉSAR MAGALHÃES ◽  
DÉCIO KARAM ◽  
CAROLINE OLIVEIRA DOS REIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Corn Plants

Low water availability is characterized as an abiotic stressthat limits the agricultural production. Due to the physical and chemicalcharacteristics of the chitosan (CHT), this substance might stimulatephysiological responses on plants to tolerate the water deficit. In this sense,we submitted corn plants to water deficit and application of chitosan on theleaves (140 mg/L) during pre flowering stage. It were analyzed two cornhybrids genotypes contrasting for water deficit tolerance: DKB 390 (tolerant)and BRS1010 (sensitive). Then, we performed evaluations on the rootsystem and production components. Corn plants submitted to the applicationof chitosan presented a specific behavior: when compared the hybrids,the tolerant one presented a root system that was more developed and anexpressive agronomical yield. These results highlight the fact that the chitosanstimulates plant growth, enhancing their root system and contributing toincrease the availability and absorption of water and nutrients. The chitosanpresents a potential to reduce the negative effects of water deficit on the rootsystems, without compromising the agronomical yield.

ROOT SYSTEM IN MAIZE PLANTS CULTIVATED UNDER WATER DEFICIT AND APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
LORENA GABRIELA ALMEIDA ◽  
EDER MARCOS DA SILVA ◽  
PAULO CÉSAR MAGALHÃES ◽  
DÉCIO KARAM ◽  
CAROLINE OLIVEIRA DOS REIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Corn Plants

Low water availability is characterized as an abiotic stressthat limits the agricultural production. Due to the physical and chemicalcharacteristics of the chitosan (CHT), this substance might stimulatephysiological responses on plants to tolerate the water deficit. In this sense,we submitted corn plants to water deficit and application of chitosan on theleaves (140 mg/L) during pre flowering stage. It were analyzed two cornhybrids genotypes contrasting for water deficit tolerance: DKB 390 (tolerant)and BRS1010 (sensitive). Then, we performed evaluations on the rootsystem and production components. Corn plants submitted to the applicationof chitosan presented a specific behavior: when compared the hybrids,the tolerant one presented a root system that was more developed and anexpressive agronomical yield. These results highlight the fact that the chitosanstimulates plant growth, enhancing their root system and contributing toincrease the availability and absorption of water and nutrients. The chitosanpresents a potential to reduce the negative effects of water deficit on the rootsystems, without compromising the agronomical yield.

GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES ON CORN PLANTS CULTIVATED IN SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH CADMIUM AND ZINC

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
LORENA GABRIELA ALMEIDA ◽  
ADELCIO DE PAULA JORGE ◽  
EDER MARCOS DA SILVA ◽  
PAULO CÉSAR MAGALHÃES ◽  
HUGO RAFAEL BENTZEN SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Corn Plant ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Corn Plants

Contamination with trace elements is characterized by an abiotic stress that represents a limiting factor in agricultural production. As cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) are physically and chemically similar, they can interact with the environment, causing antagonistic or synergistic effects. In this sense, physiological mechanisms to exclude detoxify or compartmentalize the excess of those trace elements is crucial for the survival of the vegetables when they are exposed to high concentrations of those elements. To comprehend the responses of the species sensible to the presence of Cd and Zn, this study aims to access the behavior of corn plants (Zea mays) cultivated in Cambisoils and Latosol with growing concentrations of Cd/Zn in a 21 days period. We performed growth and biochemical analyzes like antioxidant enzyme SOD, CAT and APX activity, hydrogen peroxide and lipidic peroxidation. Our data showed the specific behavior of cultivated corn plant in each of the soils analyzed. We observed that the interaction between both the elements resulted in a synergistic effect, negatively influencing all the analyzed parameters.  

Azospirillum brasilense FAVORS MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN MAIZE CULTIVATED UNDER TWO WATER REGIMES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
DANIELE MARIA MARQUES ◽  
PAULO CÉSAR MAGALHÃES ◽  
IVANILDO EVÓDIO MARRIEL ◽  
CARLOS CÉSAR GOMES JUNIOR ◽  
ADRIANO BORTOLOTTI DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Maize Plants

The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an important and promising tool for sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses and nutrient uptake of maize plants inoculated with A. brasilense under two water conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ten treatments: five A. brasilense inoculants (Control, Az1, Az2, Az3 and Az4) inoculated in the seed and two water conditions - irrigated and water deficit. Treatments with water deficit were imposed at the V6 stage for a period of 15 days. The phytotechnical characteristics, gas exchange, root morphology, shoot, root and total dry matter, as well as nutrient analysis, were evaluated after water deficit. Azospirillum brasilense (Az1, Az2, Az3 and Az4) yielded higher growth, increased gas exchange and nutrient uptake under irrigation conditions. Inoculation by Az1 and Az3 benefited the root architecture of maize plants, with a greater exploitation of the soil profile by these roots. Water deficit caused a reduction in the development of maize plants. Inoculation by Az1, Az2 and Az3 can improve plant growth, nutrient uptake and mitigate the effects of water deficit in the development of maize plants.

scholarly journals Azospirillum brasilense FAVORS MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN MAIZE CULTIVATED UNDER TWO WATER REGIMES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
DANIELE MARIA MARQUES ◽  
PAULO CÉSAR MAGALHÃES ◽  
IVANILDO EVÓDIO MARRIEL ◽  
CARLOS CÉSAR GOMES JUNIOR ◽  
ADRIANO BORTOLOTTI DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Maize Plants

The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an important and promising tool for sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses and nutrient uptake of maize plants inoculated with A. brasilense under two water conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ten treatments: five A. brasilense inoculants (Control, Az1, Az2, Az3 and Az4) inoculated in the seed and two water conditions - irrigated and water deficit. Treatments with water deficit were imposed at the V6 stage for a period of 15 days. The phytotechnical characteristics, gas exchange, root morphology, shoot, root and total dry matter, as well as nutrient analysis, were evaluated after water deficit. Azospirillum brasilense (Az1, Az2, Az3 and Az4) yielded higher growth, increased gas exchange and nutrient uptake under irrigation conditions. Inoculation by Az1 and Az3 benefited the root architecture of maize plants, with a greater exploitation of the soil profile by these roots. Water deficit caused a reduction in the development of maize plants. Inoculation by Az1, Az2 and Az3 can improve plant growth, nutrient uptake and mitigate the effects of water deficit in the development of maize plants.

scholarly journals Crescimento inicial do milho sob doses de esterco caprino e disponibilidade de água no solo

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Marto de Souza ◽  
Ellen Caroline Santos Lima ◽  
Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽  
Lauter Silva Souto ◽  
Jonathan Estivens Soares Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Mass Accumulation

<p>Objetivou-se estudar a emergência e o crescimento inicial de plantas de milho adubadas com esterco caprino sob dois regimes de disponibilidade de água no solo. O arranjo dos tratamentos constituiu um fatorial 4 x 2, correspondentes a quatro doses de esterco caprino (0, 4, 8 e 12 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) e dois níveis de água disponível de 50 e 100% da capacidade de campo, mantido após as irrigações do solo, com 8 tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando as 32 unidades experimentais. O ensaio foi realizado em unidades experimentais compostas por vasos de 18 dm<sup>3</sup> de capacidade, semeando manualmente quatro sementes por vaso. As plantas foram conduzidas por 20 dias após a semeadura, sendo avaliadas quanto à emergência, o crescimento inicial e o acúmulo de massa seca. A redução de 50% de água no solo não exerce impactos negativo sobre a emergência e crescimento inicial das plantas de milho AG1051. A dose de esterco caprino de 12 t ha<sup>-1</sup> promoveu o maior crescimento e acúmulo de massa seca das plantas de milho.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Initial growth of maize under manure goat doses and</em></strong><em> </em><strong><em>water availability in soil</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The objective was to study the emergence and initial growth of corn plants fertilized with goat manure under two water availability regimes in soil. The treatment arrangement consisted of a 4 x 2 factorial, corresponding to four doses of goat manure (0, 4, 8 and 12 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) and two levels of available water of 50 and 100% of field capacity, maintained after The soil irrigations, with 8 treatments and four replications, totalizing the 32 experimental units. The experiment was carried out in experimental units composed of pots of 18 dm<sup>3</sup> of capacity, manually seeding four seeds per pot. The plants were conducted for 20 days after sowing, where they were evaluated for emergence, initial growth and dry mass accumulation. The reduction of 50% of water in the soil does not have a negative impact on the emergence and initial growth of AG1051 maize plants. The dose of goat manure of 12 t ha<sup>-1</sup> promoted the highest growth and accumulation of dry mass of maize plants.</p>

scholarly journals Variability for Young Maize Plants Characters in a Set of Inbred Lines

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia STAN ◽  
Ioan HAS ◽  
Voichita HAS ◽  
Ana COPANDEAN ◽  
Nicolae TRITEAN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Further Development

Root system development in maize seedlings has a influence on the further development of the plant; also length of mesocotyl and depth of coleoptile influence which can sow corn, play an important role in the uniformity of culture and plant growth and development. The area in witch has been created corn genotype, soil type and climate, but also some elements of technology have influenced the development of root system, the length of mesocotyl and coleoptile of the young plantlet. The paper presents variability in root system development of 40 inbred lines of corn , coleoptile and mesocotyl development in the same set of inbred lines and correlations between these characters.

scholarly journals COMBINATION OF Azospirillum brasilense AND Bradyrhizobium japonicum IN THE PROMOTION OF INITIAL CORN GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e5360
Author(s):  
Gabriel Monteiro Aguiar Pereira ◽  
Renato De Carvalho Menezes ◽  
Marcos Gomes da Cunha ◽  
Renato Carrer Filho
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Corn Plants

Biological formulations used as inoculants are increasingly present in grasses, especially in corn. Positive results in promoting plant growth, with different associations with diazotrophic bacteria, show these capacities of interaction to act as plant growth regulators, making it a promising alternative with a low environmental impact. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of inoculation and co-inoculation of nodulating and non-nodulating diazotrophic bacteria as promoters of initial growth in corn plants. Therefore, the bacteria Azospirillum brasilense (UFG21 strain), Bradyrhizobium japonicum (commercial product), and their co-inoculation were used in seed treatment. The evaluations consisted of growth measuring of the root system and shoot and evaluating leaf chlorophyll concentration. The results showed a beneficial interaction between the bacteria and the corn plant, with an increase in the root system and chlorophyll content, compared to the control treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COMPETITION ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MAIZE AND WEED EXPOSED TO WATER DEFICIENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-729
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA DAIANNY MELO FREITAS ◽  
FERNANDO SARMENTO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
HÉLIDA CAMPOS DE MESQUITA ◽  
ALANNA OLIVEIRA CORTEZ ◽  
MARIA ALICE FORMIGA PORTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Maize Plants

ABSTRACT The ability of plants to adapt to water deficient conditions in soil is directly related to the competitive ability of each species. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of water deficiency and interspecific competition on the growth components of maize (Zea mays), brachiaria (Urochloa decumbens), and hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with eight replications. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial design, with the first factor corresponding to the different competitive arrangements among species (maize + U. decumbens, maize + B. pilosa, maize without competition, U. decumbens without competition, and B. pilosa without competition). The second factor constituted two water regimes (daily irrigation and water deficit). The soil water deficient condition strongly decreased maize plant growth; however, it had little or no effect on the growth of weeds U. decumbens and B. pilosa. Interspecific competition decreased the growth of maize plants and U. decumbens, and intensified the negative effects of water deficiency on these species. Interspecific competition and water deficiency also decreased the N, P, and K content in maize plants, which contributed to the effects on plant growth. U. decumbens was more competitive with maize compared to B. pilosa.

scholarly journals Can Inoculation With the Bacterial Biostimulant Enterobacter sp. Strain 15S Be an Approach for the Smarter P Fertilization of Maize and Cucumber Plants?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Yorlady Alzate Zuluaga ◽  
André Luiz Martinez de Oliveira ◽  
Fabio Valentinuzzi ◽  
Raphael Tiziani ◽  
Youry Pii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Maize Plants

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plants. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may also improve plant development and enhance nutrient availability, thus providing a promising alternative or supplement to chemical fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Enterobacter sp. strain 15S in improving the growth and P acquisition of maize (monocot) and cucumber (dicot) plants under P-deficient hydroponic conditions, either by itself or by solubilizing an external source of inorganic phosphate (Pi) [Ca3(PO4)2]. The inoculation with Enterobacter 15S elicited different effects on the root architecture and biomass of cucumber and maize depending on the P supply. Under sufficient P, the bacterium induced a positive effect on the whole root system architecture of both plants. However, under P deficiency, the bacterium in combination with Ca3(PO4)2 induced a more remarkable effect on cucumber, while the bacterium alone was better in improving the root system of maize compared to non-inoculated plants. In P-deficient plants, bacterial inoculation also led to a chlorophyll content [soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) index] like that in P-sufficient plants (p &lt; 0.05). Regarding P nutrition, the ionomic analysis indicated that inoculation with Enterobacter 15S increased the allocation of P in roots (+31%) and shoots (+53%) of cucumber plants grown in a P-free nutrient solution (NS) supplemented with the external insoluble phosphate, whereas maize plants inoculated with the bacterium alone showed a higher content of P only in roots (36%) but not in shoots. Furthermore, in P-deficient cucumber plants, all Pi transporter genes (CsPT1.3, CsPT1.4, CsPT1.9, and Cucsa383630.1) were upregulated by the bacterium inoculation, whereas, in P-deficient maize plants, the expression of ZmPT1 and ZmPT5 was downregulated by the bacterial inoculation. Taken together, these results suggest that, in its interaction with P-deficient cucumber plants, Enterobacter strain 15S might have solubilized the Ca3(PO4)2 to help the plants overcome P deficiency, while the association of maize plants with the bacterium might have triggered a different mechanism affecting plant metabolism. Thus, the mechanisms by which Enterobacter 15S improves plant growth and P nutrition are dependent on crop and nutrient status.

On the diversity of the effects of the state support for agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M. Svetlov ◽  
Renata G. Yanbykh ◽  
Dariya A. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Support ◽  
Soft Budget Constraints ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Corporate Farms

In this paper, we assess the effects of agricultural state support of corporate farms on their revenues from agricultural production sales in 14 Russian regions that differ in technology, environment and institutional conditions. In addition to the direct effect of the state support, the indirect effects via labor and capital are revealed. For this purpose, we identify production functions and statistical models of production factors for each of these regions separately. We find out diverse effects of the state support on revenues among the regions. Positive effects prevail. Negative effects are mainly caused by labor reductions that follow subsidy inflows. Another cause of negative effects is the soft budget constraints phenomenon.

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