scholarly journals SILAGE PRODUCTION, BROMATOLOGICAL COMPOSITION AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF INOCULATION OF VARIETAL MAIZES WITH

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
THAYS GABRIELLA LIMA SILVA ◽  
ROMANO ROBERTO VALICHESKI ◽  
FLÁVIO LOPES CLÁUDIO ◽  
ESTÊNIO MOREIRA ALVES ◽  
MATEUS DE SOUSA PERES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maize Genetic ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Silage Production

In the western region of the State of Goias family farmers that depend onthe raising of livestock as one of their main sources of income are predominant. These farmers periodically grow maize for the production of silage in order to compensate their incomes. Considering the high cost of hybrid seeds and nitrogen fertilization, technologies that contribute to the reduction of silage production costs are required. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of maize genetic materials (Feroz Hybrid VIP3 and varieties SCS 156 and SCS 154), regarding silage production, bromatological composition and economic viability when inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out on strips using a completely randomized design with four replications. Each cultivar responded differently to inoculation. For the Feroz hybrid and SCS 156 variety, the use of Azospirillum provided increases of 13.1% and 42.1% in green stem mass and 11.2 and 30.3% in silage nitrogen content, influencing the nutritional composition of the bulky food produced. For the SCS 154 variety, there was no response to inoculation. As for the economic viability, the use of inoculated SCS 156 variety presents a better rate of rentability, proving to be more economically attractive and viable to farmers.

scholarly journals Nutritional and sensory evaluation of wheat-maize cookies enriched with African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) seed protein isolate

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Jonathan Oluwayemisi Foluke Awofadeju ◽  
Abiodun Adekunle Olapade
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Sample

The study examined the nutritional composition and sensory attributes of cookie. In this study, blends of commercial wheat (CWF), yellow maize flours (YMF) and African walnut protein isolate (AWPI) were optimized for cookie production. The cookies were studied in a completely randomized design and assessment of the proximate composition was conducted. The best cookie samples with high protein and fiber, low fat and highest rating in sensory attributes were selected for the determination of vitamins and mineral composition. The result revealed that the control cookie was highest in moisture, fat and carbohydrate but lower in protein, ash and fibre. Enriched cookie 36.69g CWF, 39.57g YMF, 23.74g AWPI and 42.86g CWF, 42.86g YMF, 14.29g AWPI were highest in protein and fibre, respectively while 55.56g CWF, 33.33g YMF, 11.11g AWPI was low in fat. Overall acceptability was highest in control cookie followed by enriched cookie 55.56g CWF, 33.33g YMF, 11.11g AWPI. The vitamin composition of the selected enriched samples show that sample 42.86g CWF, 42.86g YMF, 14.29g AWPI had the highest value of 2.53 mg/100 g in ascorbic acid; sample 55.56g CWF, 33.33g YMF, 11.11g AWPI scored the highest value of 0.14, 0.07 and 1.33 mg /100 g in thiamine, riboflavin and niacin respectively, while sample 36.69g CWF, 39.57g YMF, 23.74g AWPI scored highest in vitamin A (276.67 mg/100g). The cookie sample 36.69g CWF, 39.57g YMF, 23.74g AWPI shows the highest values of 130.00, 0.043, 9.77, 333.33 and 85.00 for calcium, manganese, iron, sodium and phosphorus, respectively. The study recommends the use of flour proportion in sample 55.56g CWF, 33.33g YMF, 11.11g AWPI as an improvement of the nutritional and sensory attributes of enriched cookie.

scholarly journals KAJIAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBAHAN BAKU LOKAL DENGAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN GURAME (Osphronemus goramy Lac.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Aditya Kusuma Nugroho ◽  
Siti Hudaidah ◽  
Limin Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Protein Treatment

Gourami fish (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) is a freshwater fish commodity that has high economic value because its very popular with all people. But the feed commonly used by gourami fish cultivators is factory-made feed, which is a commercial feed that usually costs quite a lot of money due to the material for making commercial feed, some of which still import from abroad. Therefore it is necessary to find a solution to reduce the cost of cultivation production by replacing commercial feed with homemade feed made from local raw materials. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of local raw materials formulated to make feed suitable for the growth of gourami fish (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) And to analyze the production costs of goramy feed made from local raw materials. This study consisted of 4 treatments and 3 replications using the completely randomized design (CRD) method. The treatments consisted of treatment A (30% protein), treatment B (33% protein), treatment C (36% protein), and treatment D (commercial). The results of this study indicate that the treatment of feed A, B, and C produced the same growth as commercial feed, and treatment of feed A resulted in the lowest feed production costs compared to other treatments. Key word: feed, growth, local raw materials, Oshphronemus goramy

scholarly journals Açaí seed bran in the feed of slow-growth broilers

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína de Cássia Braga ARRUDA ◽  
Lívia Anália Bentes da FONSECA ◽  
Leonardo César Portal PINTO ◽  
Higor César de Oliveira PINHEIRO ◽  
Brenda Thamara Oliveira MONTEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the potential use of açaí seeds as an alternative ingredient in the feed of slow-growth broilers until 28 days of age. We carried out a bromatological analysis of fractions of the açaí fruit. The açaí seed without mesocarp was the best choice for formulation of the açaí seed bran (ASB), which was evaluated in terms of bird performance and economic viability of the supplemented feed. A total of 416 male chicks of the French Red-Naked Neck lineage were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 2, 6 and 10% inclusion of ASBin the feed) with eight replicates each. The results indicated that ASB can be included in proportions of up to 10% in the diet of slow growth broilers at early development stage without impairing performance. The 10% inclusion level also was economically equal to the control treatment, representing a viable alternative for broiler production, with potential for reduction of the negative impacts generated by açaí residue in the environment.

scholarly journals Resistance of soybean genotypes to the reniform nematode in a controlled environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Lasaro Pereira de Melo ◽  
Wanderléia Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Guilherme Lafourcade Asmus
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Reniform Nematode ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Reniform Nematodes ◽  
Reproduction Factor

The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance to the reniform nematode of soybean genotypes derived from crosses with at least one parent resistant to Rotylenchulus reniformis or Heterodera glicynes, or to both. Two experiments in a greenhouse of Embrapa Western Region Agriculture, arranged in a completely randomized design, evaluated 199 genotypes with five replications. Sixty days after artificial inoculation (1000 eggs and larval forms), the nematodes were extracted from the roots and the genotypes evaluated for the number of eggs and larval forms per gram of root (NGR) and for the reproduction factor (RF). Sixty-five genotypes were resistant (RF <1.0), with mean RF significantly equal to M-SOY 8001. The highest number of lines resistant to reniform nematodes, in the different study combinations of crosses, were derived from the genotypes Custer, PI 437654, Fayette, BRSGO Ipameri, BRSMT Pintado, and BRS 262.

scholarly journals Rooting of semihardwood cuttings of olive: indolbutyric acid, calcium and Azospirillum brasilense

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danimar Dalla Rosa ◽  
Fabíola Villa ◽  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Fábio Corbari
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
State University ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Intensive Exploitation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Arbequina Cultivar

Nowadays the semihardwood cuttings of olive is the most used method to produce seedlings of this specie; however, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of this method to enable the intensive exploitation of this fruit crop and reduce the seedling production costs. Thus, two experiments were conducted concurrently in sand bed, under a canvased shelter of the State University of Western Paraná (Brazil) to evaluate the number and average length of roots per cuttings, the percentage of rooted cuttings, cuttings with callus and dead cuttings. In the first experiment cuttings of olive cultivars Arbequina, Maria da Fé and clone 2 were treated with IBA (3.0 g L-1) associated with calcium concentration at 0.0; 0.25; 0.50 and 1.0 mmol L-1, implanted in a completely randomized design in a split plot design, with four replications containing ten cutting each, under intermittent mist. For this experiment the Arbequina cultivar presented the highest average number of roots per cutting and the highest percentage of rooted cuttings, but Maria da Fé cultivar promoted the highest average of cuttings with callus. In the second experiment Clone 2 cuttings were submitted to calcium (0.5 mmol L-1) and IBA (3.0 g L-1), and substrate inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense bacterium, implanted in a completely randomized design containing three replications of ten cuttings each. In this experiment, the highest percentage of rooted cuttings was obtained for IBA (3.0 g L-1) + A. brasilense.

scholarly journals Agronomic and Chemical Performance of Corn Cultivars under Inoculation and Co-Inoculation with Diazotrophic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11765-11777
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

The intense use of agricultural fertilizers in corn crops results in serious environmental impacts, an increase in production costs, and the reduction of the soil microbial population. An alternative to these problems is the use of microorganisms present in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic and chemical potential of different corn cultivars under inoculation and co-inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria Azospirillum brasiliense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. A field experiment was performed in a completely randomized design in a bifactorial scheme. Factor A consisted of inoculation (use of an isolate) and co-inoculation (use of the two bacteria) and factor D, of corn cultivars (creole and hybrid) submitted to different N doses (40 and 80 kg/ ha or 50% and 100% of N dose recommended). The grain yield was up to 11862.7 kg/ ha for the hybrid cultivar treated with bacteria co-inoculation. The oil and protein yields were up to 31 ± 14.9 g oil/ 100 g sample and 1.1 ± 0.2 g protein/ 100 g sample. Thus, the use of inoculation and co-inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria can be applied in the management of corn production as a strategy to reduce production costs and obtain higher yields.

scholarly journals INCLUSION OF ANNATTO SEED BY-PRODUCT IN DIETS CONTAINING SORGHUM FOR SLOW-GROWTH BROILERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davyd Herik Souza ◽  
Ednardo Rodrigues Freitas ◽  
Edibergue Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Rafaela Maia Cipriano ◽  
Carlos Weiber Silva Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Sorghum is used as a source of energy alternative to corn, however, its low pigments content are considered hindrance to the use of this feedstuff for poultry. The inclusion of annatto seed by-product (ASB) may solve this problem. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ASB inclusion in diets containing sorghum as the main source of energy on performance, carcass traits, meat color, and economic viability in the production of slow-growth broilers. A total of 420 sexed chicks of the Carijó Pesadão line were distributed in a completely randomized design according to a 2 × 7 factorial arrangement, with three replicates of 10 birds per treatment. Studied factors were two sexes (males and females) and seven diets, wherein one had corn as source of energy and the others contained sorghum plus inclusion of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% of ASB. Irrespective of the sex, diets did not affect feed intake (g/bird), feed conversion (g/g), yields (%) of carcass, breast and drumstick+thigh, percentage of abdominal fat, or relative weight of the liver. However, the inclusion of ASB influenced the color parameters of the meat making it more pigmented and improved the economic viability parameters. In diets for slow-growth birds containing sorghum as the main source of energy, ASB can be included up to 15%, and meat pigmentation problems can be reduced with total substitution of corn by sorghum with inclusion of ASB from 3%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Potential of Sewage Sludge for Manufacturing Substrate for Passion Fruit Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Israel Martins Pereira ◽  
Alex Justino Zacarias ◽  
Rebyson Bissaco Guidinelle ◽  
Julio Cesar Gradice Saluci ◽  
Mário E. P. da Costa Jaeggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

Brazil is the world&rsquo;s largest producer and largest consumer of passion fruit, producing approximately 0.1 million tons. However, crop management techniques are deficient in the use of alternative sources of fertilizer, an extremely relevant aspect in reducing production costs, as some nutrients are imported at high costs. Thus, this study was intended to calculate the percentage of an optimal dose of sewage sludge according to the regression model for each morpho-agronomic trait of yellow passion fruit. A completely randomized design (CRD) was adopted, consisting of four treatments, 0; 25; 50; and 75%, with 20 replicates considering one plant per replicate. Treatments were T1 (0 without sewage sludge addition), T2 (75% soil + 25% sewage sludge); T3 (50% soil + 50% sewage sludge); and T4 (25% soil + 75% sewage sludge). Regression coefficients were above 80%. Morpho-agronomic traits obtained optimal doses at a concentration of 50% of sewage sludge for the manufacture of the substrate. The conclusion reached was the substrate based on sewage sludge in the proportion of 50% combined with 50% of soil was superior to the other ones for seedling production.

scholarly journals FRAKSI SERAT SILASE KULIT BUAH KAKAO DENGAN PENAMBAHAN LEVEL TEPUNG JAGUNG DAN LAMA FERMENTASI YANG BERBEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ismi Mayangsari ◽  
Anwar Efendi Harahap ◽  
Zumarni Zumarni
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Theobroma Cocoa

One alternative in reducing feed production costs is by utilizing the waste of cocoa pods (Theobroma cocoa L). This study aims to determine the cocoa fruit silage fraction by adding different levels of corn flour and fermentation time. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors with 3 replications namely Factor A = Level of Corn Flour, A1 = 0% without Corn Flour, A2 = 7% Corn Flour, A3 = 14% Corn Flour. Factor B = Length of fermentation, B1 = Fermentation 0 days, B2 = Fermentation 14 days, B3 = Storage 28 days. The results showed that the duration of fermentation had a significant effect(P<0,05)on the content of NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of cocoa peel. The conclusion of this study that the treatment of 14% corn flour and 28 days fermentation time is the best treatment because it can reduce NDF%, ADF% and Lignin% silage of cocoa pods

scholarly journals Physical-Chemical Properties of Poultry Rendering Meal of Whole Broiler Carcasses Stored for Different Times and Temperatures

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Débora A. Alves ◽  
◽  
Cristiéle L. Contreira ◽  
Suelen N. da Silva ◽  
Forgiarini Juliana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Rancid Odor ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Acidity Index ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Storage Times

The effect of storage temperature on the physical-chemical properties of poultry rendering meals (PRM) of whole broiler carcasses was evaluated. Chemical parameters, oxidation and biogenic amines (BA) profiles were determined. A completely randomized design in a 2x4 factorial arrangement (two stored temperature: 26 ºC or 7 ºC; and four storage times: 0, 24, 48 and 72h before rendering) was used. PRM nutrient levels were within the acceptable ranges determined for animal byproducts in all treatments and they did not influence PRM acidity index or TBARS (P>0.05). The peroxide index of all PRM was higher than the acceptable limit (>10 meq/1000g) but did not cause a rancid odor. Lower total BA content was determined at 72 h of storage in PRMs from refrigerated carcasses. The nutrient composition of PRMs shows quality enough to possibly be utilized as a feedstuff. Additional studies are needed to establish the safety of these byproducts as feedstuffs. Keywords: biogenic amines, byproduct, feedstuff, nutritional composition

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