scholarly journals Development of Marketing and Distribution Channel to Ensure Fair Price in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Anowarul Arif Khan ◽  
Mohammad Hafizul Haider ◽  
Md Sahariar Hasan ◽  
Md. Parvez Hasan ◽  
Md. Ashraful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Fair Price ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Cooperative Society

Bangladesh is a developing country and agriculture is the largest sector of the economy. Agricultural producers, food producers, and handicrafts producers are not getting the proper price. Because, Bangladesh fully depends on the intermediaries because of improper infrastructure in supply chain of their product and shortage of capital as well literacy. A baseline study entitled “Development of marketing and distribution channel to ensure fair price for the products of Cooperative Societies under Department of Cooperatives” was conducted primarily to find out the present scenario of producing, selling, and supply chain of products of producers under cooperative society which would examine the challenges in productions, selling and supply chain for the producers of cooperative society, also analyze Time, Cost and Visit (TCV) regarding selling of produced goods and finally to find a way to mitigate these challenges. In this study, purposive sampling method was used for determining the sample where more than 160 respondents were selected as sample size. 34% people had to give commission to the whole seller and there was higher transportation cost. 34% of producers said that they sold their products at lower price; some people (40%) got their products price lately. There was also money collection problem (33%). Most of the farmers were illiterate and for that reason, they did not have the ability to sell their products in the international market and also nationwide, they just only sold to local market. Ministry of local Government & Cooperative Society could play a vital role to bring formation within the framework of Cooperative Society and could minimize the role of middlemen of marketing agricultural products of Bangladesh.

Strategic Inventories Under Supply Chain Competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Yanzhi Li ◽  
Ying-Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Supply Chain Competition ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Holding Cost ◽  
Inventory Holding ◽  
Period Model

Problem definition: We consider the effects of strategic inventory (SI) in the presence of chain-to-chain competition in a two-period model. Academic/practical relevance: Established findings suggest that SI may alleviate double marginalization and improve the efficiency of a decentralized distribution channel. However, no studies consider the role of SI under chain-to-chain competition. Methodology: We build a two-period model consisting of two competing supply chains, each with an upstream manufacturer and an exclusive retailer. The retailers compete on either price or quantity. We characterize the firms’ strategies under the concept of perfect Bayesian equilibrium. We consider cases where contracts are either observable or unobservable across supply chains. Results: (1) SI still exists under chain-to-chain competition. Retailers may carry more inventory when the competition becomes fiercer, which further intensifies the supply chain competition. (2) Different from the existing findings, SI may backfire and hurt all firms. Interestingly, firms may benefit from a higher inventory holding cost. (3) Under supply chain competition, the prisoner’s dilemma can arise if competition intensity is intermediate; in other words, manufacturers are better off without strategic inventory, and yet they cannot help allowing strategic inventory, which is the unique equilibrium. Managerial implications: Despite its appeal among firms of a single supply chain, the role of SI is altered or even reversed by chain-to-chain competition. Conventional wisdom on SI should be applied with caution.

scholarly journals The role of transportation in customized supply chains

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Remko I van Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
International Transport ◽  
The Creation

This paper empirically explores the role of transportation in creating a customized supply chain using postponement. Based on a survey among manufacturers in three countries, it was found that a reconfiguration is needed for the creation of a customized supply chain. In this reconfiguration process, transportation considerations are extremely important, resulting in supply chains and distribution channels that are globalized and reliant on international transport. Postponement is increasingly applied in both manufacturing and distribution. Thus, through the facilitation of postponement and customization activities in the distribution channel, much business is to be gained for transportation and logistics companies.

scholarly journals Wpływ rozporządzenia UE nr 2017/2393 na prawną organizację rynku mleka i przetworów mlecznych

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Izabela Lipińska
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this article was to answer the question whether and to what extent the amendments to the legal organisation of the milk and milk products market introduced as of 1 January 2018 contribute to improving the lives of milk producers and the development of the market. This refers to certain legal solutions adopted by the EU legislator which aim to strengthen the role of agricultural producers and their organisations in the agri-food supply chain. The amendments to Regulation 1308/2013 have not changed the organisational framework of the market, but addressed basically two issues – the obligation to conclude raw milk delivery contracts and contractual negotiations in this sector. The legal solutions adopted by the legislator are very positive. Written contracts, which are mandatory in many Member States, define and guarantee the producers’ rights and clearly indicate the obligations associated with the production process. In turn, entrusting the role of a negotiator of contract terms to producers’ representatives should be seen as recognition of their significant role in shaping the market in a manner adequate to its needs.

scholarly journals Marketing Analysis of Vegetables: The Case of Carrot and Cucumber Marketing in Enugu State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-351
Author(s):  
Ridwan Mukaila ◽  
Angela Ebere Obetta ◽  
Festus EluwandeDurojaye Awoyelu ◽  
Chinedum Jachinma Chiemela ◽  
Anthony Onyedika Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Marketing Function ◽  
High Transportation Cost ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Marketing Margins

Agricultural marketing plays a vital role in economic development and livelihood of people in developing countries. Marketing of agricultural products which provide income to most farmers and marketers in Nigeria has been characterised with a lot of deficiencies which have constrained sustainable development and economic growth. This study, therefore, analysed carrot and cucumber marketing including constraints to their effective marketing in Enugu State, Nigeria. Data collected, primarily, were analysed using descriptive statistics, marketing margin and Likert type rating technique. The result shows that vegetable marketing was dominated by females (65%) who were still in their economically active age and did not belong to a cooperative society. Half of them perform a retail marketing function, 30% perform both retail and wholesale functions while 20% perform wholesale function. Vegetable marketing contributed to marketers’ income by providing N25,667.7 (USD 66.93) per month on average. The marketing margins were 26.30% and 20.18% for cucumber and carrot, respectively. The high cost of shop rent, high transportation cost, low capital, price fluctuation, poor credit facilities and a low supply of vegetables due to seasonal variation were the major constraints faced by vegetable marketers. Vegetable marketers, therefore, need support by providing affordable credit facilities and building of modern market stalls by the government. This would give them a conducive and hygienic environment. Also, vegetable marketers should form a cooperative society where they can pool resources and get financial assistance. This would lead to efficient marketing of the product.

Rural-Urban Food Movement

2021 ◽  
pp. 276-298
Author(s):  
Ayobami Abayomi Popoola ◽  
Yamah Dele Adeyemi ◽  
Femi Emmanuel Oni ◽  
Odunayo Omojola ◽  
Bamiji Michael Adeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Food Movement ◽  
Food Produce

The production of the food is majorly composite to the rural setting, and the consumption of this food is not only restricted to the rural area. This rural food production and urban area demand/consumption emphasises the need for rural-urban market linkages. This study employed mixed methods to investigate the role of road transport in the flow of food products from rural areas to the urban markets. Ten urban markets were sampled and 250 respondents from urban markets in Ibadan. The study revealed that household collaboration in the production and marketing of food produce exists in Ibadan. It was established that distance and transportation cost plays a vital role in supply volume, pricing, and delivery price. The variance in delivery cost is dependent on factors such as bargaining power, the season of the year, demand, destination, and road condition. In conclusion, improved roads condition and workable traffic policies that eliminate roadblocks are recommended.

scholarly journals Impact of Variable Deterioration Rate of Perishable Food Items on Multi-Echelon Distribution Chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Dileep M V ◽  
◽  
Dr. Regi Kumar V ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Inventory Control ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Supply Chain Optimization ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Study Results

Customer satisfaction is the backbone of any business entity and supply chain optimization plays a vital role in customer satisfaction efforts. Supply chain inventory control is one of the scientific supply chain optimization methods for determining proper inventory levels at different stages or echelons of the supply chain to meet the requirements of the customers. The intention is to supply right type of material at exact time in appropriate quantities and at competitive rates. Supply chain inventory costs consist of costs to store, track and insure materials. Inventories that mishandled create substantial financial problems for a business, whether the mismanagement results in an inventory accumulation or an inventory shortage. Therefore, an examination of the right quantities to be kept in stock to meet the requirements, the strategic location, storage facilities and recordings of the goods or items should be done systematically such that the desired degree of service can be provided at competitive prices or at minimum ultimate cost. Major objective of inventory control in a multi echelon supply chain is to optimize inventory cost elements like transportation cost, carrying cost, holding cost and all other inventory related costs at all supply chain stages with an elevated service level at the end customer point. The supply chain inventory control becomes tough when the handling material is a perishable one as its deterioration rate is variable rather than constant. This article provides the study results of the deterioration rate of a perishable edible inventory at different selected environmental conditions. The focus of this article is to introduce a mathematical equation for the deterioration rate of the selected perishable inventory which is inevitable for the formulation of inventory models for its supply chain echelons.

scholarly journals The Role of Audit Committee in Corporate Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12792-12795
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Business World ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
International Laws ◽  
A Company

Corporate governance has played a vital role in the business world, especially after the increased overall money related emergencies.Systematic corporate governance is viewed as an important aspect to acknowledge and include an association in a large portion of the stock trade showcases all around the globe. The audit committee undertakes a significant role in company or corporate governance in relation with the association's course, authority, and duty. The audit committee is responsible for managing the association's exposure and procedure, promising that the federation or association follows the significant neighborhood and international laws, justifiable measures and standards conforming to the association's internal decree. The objective of the study is to examine the association between the nature of the audit committee and the gender and find the association between the requirement of audit committee in a company and age. For the purpose of this study, descriptive research is used Convenient sampling method is used to collect the 1493 samples.Independent variables are age, gender. The dependent variables are the nature of the audit committee and the requirement of the audit committee in a company. The study concludes that the nature of the audit committee is associated with age and the requirements of the audit committee in a company is associated with age.

scholarly journals Distribution Channel Patterns and The Actors Welfare of Marine Fishery Supply Chain in Arjasa, Kangayan and Sapeken in Kangean Islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Kurniyati Indahsari ◽  
Akhmad Farid
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Marine Fisheries ◽  
Marine Fishery ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Fishery Products ◽  
Channel Patterns ◽  
Depth Interviews

The actors’ welfare of marine fishery supply chain in the three sub-districts in Kangean Islands, namely Sapeken, Arjasa and Kangayan, are different even though they access to the same marine fisheries resources. The marine fisheries in Sapeken are more prosperous than those in Arjasa and Kangayan. This study aimed at identifying the distribution channel patterns of marine fishery products supply chain in Kangean Islands which providing an explanation of the actors’ welfare differences. In-depth interviews with various actors were conducted to formulate the distribution channel patterns of marine fishery products. Quantitative survey data of 102 respondents from marine fisheries were processed descriptively to determine the actors’ welfare. Research showed that the distribution channel patterns in Arjasa and Kangayan vary but are limited in the local market and the islands communities as the final consumers. It causes the low products prices. Meanwhile, the distribution pattern in the Sapeken is able to penetrate markets outside the Kangean Islands with high product prices. Therefore, it is not surprising if the actors’ welfare in Arjasa and Kangayan sub districts are lower than the actors’ welfare in Sapeken.

scholarly journals Risk Mitigation on Supply Chain of Rice in Central Java Province and Special Region of Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Adi Djoko Guritno ◽  
Novita Erma Kristanti ◽  
Megita Ryanjani Tanuputri
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Supply Chain Risk Management ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Iso 31000

Rice is a vital commodity in Indonesia because it is the main staple food for most Indonesian people.  Balancing supply and demand of rice in Indonesia is complex and possibly led to polemics, even though the production of rice in Indonesia tends to increase. An analysis of the supply-demand for rice commodity is necessary as an effort to improve the national rice condition along with the logistics and supply chain point of view. This study aims to analyze the supply chain risk management of rice to provide recommendations on improving rice supply chain performance on each tier. In this study, supply chain of rice mainly consists of farmer, collector who acts as trader, and retailer. Meanwhile, the role of government is represented by The Indonesia Logistics Bureau (BULOG). The different supply chain pattern can be identified from the role of middleman in each province. This study uses ISO 31000:2009 standard for analyzing the risk in each tier along the supply chain. Based on the risk analysis, on-farm activity plays a vital role in transferring risk along the supply chain in terms of quality and quantity. Risk mitigation of each tier is explored in this study.

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

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