scholarly journals Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen in samples of food, soil, fertilizers and water based on the reaction with formaldehyde

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 0647-0654
Author(s):  
Juracir Silva Santos ◽  
César Reis ◽  
Efraim Lázaro Reis ◽  
Raildo Mota de Jesus ◽  
Luís Gustavo Teixeira dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Ammonium Determination ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

Ammonium ion of digested samples of food, soil, fertilizer and water was determined based on the reaction of the ammonium ion with formaldehyde, and then titrated with sodium hydroxide solution. The optimization of variables such as the amount of formaldehyde and EDTA concentration carried out through univariate analysis. Under optimized conditions, the method allowed ammonium determination with the achieved detection limit of 1.83 mg L-1, a quantification limit of 6.11 mg L-1 and precision of 6.0 - 0.5% for ammonium solutions of 0.400 - 3.773 mg L-1 concentration, respectively. The procedure was validated using the Kjeldahl method. The method was successfully applied to determinate ammonium in samples of water, soil, fertilizer and oat. The proposed procedure resulted in a simple, fast and cost effective method to the determination of ammonium in routine analysis.

scholarly journals Synchronous fluorescence as a green and selective tool for simultaneous determination of bambuterol and its main degradation product, terbutaline

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 181359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Abo El Abass ◽  
Heba Elmansi
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Product ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Main Degradation Product ◽  
20 Nm

A green, sensitive and cost-effective method is introduced in this research for the determination of bambuterol and its main degradation product, terbutaline, simultaneously, relying on the synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. First derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric amplitude is measured at Δ λ = 20 nm, so bambuterol can be quantitated at 260 nm, and terbutaline can be measured at 290 nm, each at the zero crossing point of the other. The amplitude–concentration plots were linear over the concentration ranges of 0.2–6.0 µg ml −1 and 0.2–4.0 µg ml −1 for both bambuterol and terbutaline, respectively. Official guidelines were followed to calculate the validation parameters of the proposed method. The low values of limits of detection of 0.023, 0.056 µg ml −1 and limits of quantitation of 0.071, 0.169 µg ml −1 for bambuterol and terbutaline, respectively, point to the sensitivity of the method. Bambuterol is a prodrug for terbutaline, and the latter is considered its degradation product so the established method could be regarded as a stability-indicating one. Moreover, the proposed method was used for the analysis of bambuterol and terbutaline in their single ingredient preparations and the results revealed statistical agreement with the reference method. The suggested method, being a simple and low-cost procedure, is superior to the previously published methods which need more sophisticated techniques, longer analysis time and highly toxic solvents and reagents. It could be considered as an eco-friendly analytical procedure.

scholarly journals An Automated and High-Throughput Immunoaffinity Magnetic Bead-Based Sample Clean-Up Platform for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Grains and Oils Using UPLC-FLD

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Xuan ◽  
Jin Ye ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Sample clean-up remains the most time-consuming and error-prone step in the whole analytical procedure for aflatoxins (AFTs) analysis. Herein, an automated and high-throughput sample clean-up platform was developed with a disposable, cost-effective immunoaffinity magnetic bead-based kit. Under optimized conditions, the automated method takes less than 30 min to simultaneously purify 20 samples without requiring any centrifugation or filtering steps. When coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, this new analysis method displays excellent accuracy and precision as well as outstanding efficiency. Furthermore, an interlaboratory study was performed in six laboratories to validate the novel protocol. Mean recovery, repeatability, reproducibility, and Horwitz ratio values were within 91.9%–107.4%, 2.5%–7.4%, 2.7%–10.6%, and 0.26%–0.90, respectively. Results demonstrate that the developed sample clean-up platform is a reliable alternative to most widely adopted clean-up procedures for AFTs in cereals and oils.

A simple, fast and cost effective method for detection and determination of dopamine in bovine serum

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolkarim Abbaspour ◽  
Hamed Valizadeh ◽  
Abdolreza Khajehzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Method

scholarly journals Rapid Microwave-Assisted Extraction and HPTLC- Photodensitometric Method for the Quality Assessment of Boerhaavia diffusa L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrinivas G Bhope ◽  
Vivek K Ghosh ◽  
Vinod V Kuber ◽  
Manohar J Patil
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
New Method ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Boerhaavia Diffusa

Abstract A rapid and cost-effective method for the extraction of rotenoids in Boerhaavia diffusa L., based on the use of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), is proposed. The conventional reflux, soxhlet, and maceration extraction methods were also conducted to validate the reliability of the new method. Under the optimized conditions, two rotenoids (boeravinone B and E) were extracted and quantified by HPTLC. The yield of boeravinone B and E achieved by MAE was 0.15 and 0.32% (w/w), respectively. The result showed that MAE-HPTLC is a simple, rapid, and solvent-sparing method for the extraction and quantitation of boeravinone B and E from B. diffusa L.

scholarly journals An improved method to determine neutron fluence in high energy medical accelerators using activation detectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
K. Papadopoulos ◽  
G. Siltzovalis ◽  
M. I. Savva ◽  
T. Vasilopoulou ◽  
P. Georgolopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Neutron Fluence ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Cross Section Data ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Scope of the present work was to test the hypothesis that a generic simulation geometry can adequately describe a high energy medical accelerator head for the purpose of estimating the parasitic neutron fluence levels at the position of the isocenter. The experiment was performed using an Elekta Synergy 18 MV linear accelerator. Gold, cobalt, indium and copper activation foils were used. Activation measurements were performed using a calibrated HPGe detector based spectrometry system. Four generic accelerator head models were considered. Neutron spectrum averaged cross-section data for each foil were derived for the examined configurations using the Monte Carlo code MCNP5 in conjuction with cross section data obtained from the International Reactor Dosimetry and Fusion File (IRDFF). It was concluded that the accelerator head can be adequately described either as a solid tungsten sphere of 10 cm radius or a spherical tungsten shell 20 cm in external diameter and 10 cm in thickness. This work contributes towards the development of a simple and computationally cost effective method for the determination of neutron fluence around high energy medical accelerators and therefore the optimization of the radiation protection of the patients and staff in radiation therapy.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods for the determination of clotrimazole and tinidazole in bulk and ointment dosage form

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanaka Parvathi Kannaiah ◽  
Abimanyu Sugumaran
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Stock Solutions

Analyzing a drug over its overlapped spectra utilizes sophisticated instruments and more toxic solvents, which has a deleterious effect on environmental safety. There is an alarming need to develop a simple, novel, and cost-effective method for determining combined substances that are non-toxic to the environment. So, the study aimed to develop four simple, fast and eco-friendly spectrophotometric techniques for quantifying clotrimazole and tinidazole in bulk and ointment dosage form. Stock solutions produced at concentrations of 7 to 13 and 17.5 to 32.5 µg/mL of clotrimazole and tinidazole in 10% v/v ethanol and scanned in the UV-visible range 200-450 nm, and used for all methods. The methods were validated according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines and found to be within limits. Additionally, the outliers were tested by using the Grubbers test and found within limits. Finally, green evaluation studies show that the method is more environmentally friendly, as confirmed by four assessment tools.

scholarly journals Theoretical Determination of Rate Constants from Excited-States: Application to Benzophenone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyuki Shizu ◽  
Hironori Kaji
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Golden Rule ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Constant Determination ◽  
Cost Effective Method

A cost-effective method of theoretically predicting electronic transition rate constants from the excited-states of molecules is reported. This method is based on density functional theory calculations of electronic states and quantitative rate constant determination with the Fermi golden rule.

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