Effect of Estradiol and Prostaglandin Application During Post Calving on Reproductive Performance in Holstein Cows Under Intensive Farming

After delivery, the process of uterine involution begins, in which a series of changes in the anatomy and histology of the uterus take place and there is a return to cyclical activity of the ovary. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of estradiol benzoate and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in the postpartum period on reproductive performance in dairy cows. Six experimental groups were formed in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, where a factor determined the administration of estradiol (E2): a) without E2 or b) with E2 (10 mg of estradiol benzoate was applied at 14 days postpartum) ; and another factor determined the administration of PGF2α: a) without PGF2α, b) administration of PGF2α in early postpartum (application of 25 mg of dinoprost at 28 days repeated 14 days later) or c) administration of PGF2α in late postpartum (application of 25 mg dinoprost at 42 days repeated 14 days later). 96 intensively reared Holstein cows were used for the experiment. The variables of interest evaluated were the cumulative pregnancy percentage (PA), the pregnancy rate (TP), the conception rate (TC), the service rate (TS), the first service delivery interval (IP1S) and the interval conception delivery (CPI). For the statistical analysis, the generalized linear model was used. As independent variables in the model, the administration of estradiol, the administration of prostaglandin and the interaction of both factors were analyzed. No significant effect (p> 0.05) of the application of E2 and PGF2α was found on TS, TC, TP and BP. However, a significant effect (p <0.05) of the application of prostaglandin on IP1S and IPC was observed, finding that the administration of PGF2α in the early or late postpartum significantly decreased IP1S. While the CPI was significantly better with the application of PGF2α in the late postpartum period. In conclusion, the application of prostaglandins from day 42 post parturition repeated 14 days later significantly improves the IP1S and IPC in dairy cows.

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Serum Metabolic Markers Pre and Postpartum in Holstein Cows According to the Mastitis Occurrence

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.81881 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Schwegler ◽

Augusto Schneider ◽

Ana Rita Tavares Krause ◽

Paula Montagner ◽

Eduardo Schmitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Extensive Management ◽

Early Postpartum

Background: Bovine mastitis causes major economic losses for milk producers by reducing the quantity and the quality of the milk or even leading to the complete loss of the mammary gland secretory capacity. During the transition period, dairy cows are susceptible to infectious diseases; therefore, markers that allow early identification of cows in higher risk of developing diseases are especially useful at this time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate serum markers in the pre and postpartum of multiparous dairy cows with clinical mastitis and with health condition in the postpartum period in a semi-extensive management system.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-Six Holstein cows were monitored daily during milking until 59 days postpartum and were categorized according to the pre-milking strip cup test into clinical mastitis (mastitis group (MG)) and absence of symptoms (control group (CG)) that were negative to the test, representing the health cows. All cows were reared as one group and maintained in a semi-extensive pasture-based system. Blood samples were collected weekly after morning milking via venipuncture of the coccinea vein into tubes without anticoagulant and grouped for prepartum (-21 to 0 days from calving), early postpartum (0 to 30 days from calving), and late postpartum (30 to 59 days from calving) periods. Milk production was recorded daily. The serum markers albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), phosphorus, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS®. The cases of clinical mastitis occurred on average at 37.2 ± 4.9 days postpartum. Health cows (CG) had higher milk production compared to the mastitis group (MG) only in the late postpartum period (P < 0.05). There was no difference among groups for albumin and NEFA concentrations in all periods evaluated (P > 0.05). In the early postpartum period the AST activity was higher in CG than in MG (P = 0.02). The GGT enzyme tended to be more concentrated in the CG than in the MG during the early (P = 0.06) and late (P = 0.08) postpartum periods. Late postpartum phosphorus concentration was lower for MG than CG (P = 0.04). In the prepartum and early postpartum periods, there was no difference among groups for phosphorus concentration (P > 0.05).Discussion: A decrease in milk production in MG compared to CG observed in late postpartum period was due to the incidence of mastitis observed around 37 days postpartum. Cows that presented clinical mastitis in the postpartum period did not differ in the blood concentration of NEFA in the prepartum period. In the late postpartum period higher concentration of phosphorus was observed in the CG than in MG, indicating that animals affected by mastitis may be in the weakest energy status. Regarding liver health, the concentration of AST was higher in the recent postpartum period for CG, in disagreement with previous studies that related AST to tissue injury caused by mastitis. The GGT enzyme tended to had higher concentrations in CG than MG during the whole postpartum period and may be related to increased hepatic metabolism due to higher production. There were no changes in albumin levels among healthy and mastitis cows, indicating that this marker can not be used to predict clinical mastitis. There were no metabolic alterations in the prepartum period related to the occurrence of postpartum mastitis in multiparous cows in a semi-extensive management system.Keywords: AST, dairy cows, NEFA.

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Effects of Intrauterine Infusion of a Chitosan Solution on Recovery and Subsequent Reproductive Performance of Early Postpartum Dairy Cows with Endometritis: A Pilot Field Trial

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Hiroaki Okawa ◽

Missaka M.P. Wijayagunawardane ◽

Peter L.A.M. Vos ◽

Osamu Yamato ◽

Masayasu Taniguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Chitosan Solution ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Early Postpartum Period ◽

Early Postpartum ◽

And Control

This study investigated the efficacy of intrauterine infusion of a chitosan solution (CHT) on uterine recovery in early postpartum dairy cows with or without endometritis, and their subsequent reproductive performance. In Experiment 1, cows with endometritis at 3 weeks postpartum were administered CHT (n = 5) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) (n = 4). Untreated cows (n = 7) served as the control group. In Experiment 2, 18 cows with a normally recovered uterus at the fresh cow check (mean, 35 days postpartum) were assigned to the CHT (n = 10) and control (n = 8) groups, and intrauterine infusion was conducted in the CHT group. Overall, in Experiment 1, the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes significantly declined in the CHT group (32.3 ± 10.2 to 5.5 ± 2.4, p < 0.05) from week 3 to week 5, but no decline occurred in the PGF2α and control groups. In Experiment 2, the CHT and control groups showed no significant differences in reproductive parameters, suggesting the absence of adverse effects of CHT on fertility. These results suggest that intrauterine infusion of CHT in the early postpartum period effectively accelerates uterine recovery from endometritis and might be a suitable replacement for PGF2α administration.

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The impact of ecbolic therapy in the early postpartum period on uterine involution and reproductive health in dairy cows

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science ◽

10.1292/jvms.18-0617 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 491-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cyril P. STEPHEN ◽

Walter H. JOHNSON ◽

Stephen J. LEBLANC ◽

Robert A. FOSTER ◽

Tracey S. CHENIER

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Early Postpartum Period ◽

Uterine Involution ◽

Early Postpartum ◽

The Impact

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The puerperium in dairy cows: ovarian activity, uterine involution and follicular dynamics

Revista Acadêmica Ciência Animal ◽

10.7213/academica.13.fc.ao5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

José Carlos Dos Santos Breda ◽

Luiz Ernandes Kozicki

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Ovarian Activity ◽

Non Invasive ◽

The Past ◽

Uterine Involution ◽

Follicular Dynamics

The study of ovarian follicular dynamics (OFD) and other changes in the bovine reproductive tract has developedsignificantly over the past two decades, primarily due to the use of non-invasive investigative approaches suchas ultrasound. Advances in ultrasound examinations have provided a better understanding of ovarian activity,uterine involution, oviducts status, and other segments of the reproductive tract in the bovine postpartumperiod. Procedures including tracking of the reproductive tract have likewise aided in the development of newmethodologies and techniques to improve reproductive performance in cattle. The aim of this review was tosummarize knowledge regarding the reproductive tract in dairy cows during the postpartum period.

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Prostaglandin synchronization during the early postpartum period in the reproductive performance in high producing dairy cows

10.7764/rcia.v28i1.431 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. González ◽

◽

F. Bas ◽

N. Cáceres ◽

E. Rahaussen

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Early Postpartum Period ◽

Early Postpartum

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EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (Gn-RH) DURING EARLY POSTPARTUM PERIOD ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS

Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.21608/avmj.1988.189343 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 20.1 (39) ◽

pp. 155-161

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Early Postpartum Period ◽

Early Postpartum

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15 Effects of Timed Artificial Insemination Protocol Using Prostglandin F2α and Estradiol Benzoate on Conception Rate in High-Producing Dairy Cows

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv30n1ab15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

M. Yamaguchi ◽

M. Takayama ◽

H. López

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Estradiol Benzoate ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Chi Square ◽

Parity Number ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Synchronization Protocol

For several years, milk production per Holstein cow has been increasing while reproductive performance has declined worldwide. Timed AI (TAI) protocols with synchronization of oestrus and ovulation are tools for the improvement of reproductive performance in high producing dairy herds. In protocols for synchronization of oestrus and ovulation, oestradiol benzoate (EB) has been used to increase the number of animals that show oestrous behaviour, synchronize ovulation, and improve conception rate (CR). The objective of this study was to compare a simple oestrus synchronization and TAI protocol using prostaglandin F2α (PG) and EB with a more complicated TAI protocol or oestrus detection and AI on CR in high-producing Holstein cows. The study was conducted from 2014 to 2016, using 1,036 Holstein cows from 3 commercial dairy herds in central Hokkaido, Japan. The average parity number was 2.6 ± 1.5, and days open averaged 152.2 ± 82.0 days. The average milk yield (305 days) was 11,348 ± 1,619 kg. Oestrus synchronization of cows was achieved using PG followed by EB and TAI (PG was given to cows with a cutoff for CL diameter of >20 mm by ultrasonography; EB (1 mg) was administered 24 h later and AI was carried out 24 to 48 h after EB injection), or by Heatsynch + CIDR [gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection and CIDR insertion at random stages of the oestrous cycle, CIDR removal, and PG injection 7 days later, EB injected 24 h after CIDR removal, and TAI 24 to 32 h after EB injection]. Cows observed in natural oestrus were used as controls. All cows were inseminated after the onset of standing heat or removal of the tail chalk (Paintstik®, LA-CO Industries, Elk Grove Village, IL, USA). Pregnancy diagnoses were performed using ultrasonography between 30 and 45 days after AI. The CR were compared using chi-square test. The CR (no. of pregnant cows/no. of total cows in the treatment group) of the natural oestrus group, PG + EB, and Heatsynch + CIDR cows were 39.2% (302/771), 38.7% (48/124), and 31.2% (44/141), respectively. Overall CR for the 3 groups was 38.0%. There were no significant differences in CR among the 2 groups (P > 0.07). These results show that a simple oestrus synchronization protocol with injection of PG followed by EB can be used effectively for high-producing dairy herds, yielding a satisfactory CR similar to that obtained with the Heatsynch + CIDR protocol or natural oestrus.

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Effect of sward condition on metabolic endocrinology during the early postpartum period in primiparous grazing dairy cows and its association with productive and reproductive performance

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 186 (3-4) ◽

pp. 139-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ana Meikle ◽

María de Lourdes Adrien ◽

Diego Antonio Mattiauda ◽

Pablo Chilibroste

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Early Postpartum Period ◽

Early Postpartum ◽

Grazing Dairy Cows

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Uterine Involution and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows with Metabolic Diseases

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9030093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renan Braga Paiano ◽

Daniela Becker Birgel ◽

Eduardo Harry Birgel Junior

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Disease ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Endometrial Thickness ◽

Uterine Involution ◽

Days Open ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of metabolic diseases on uterine involution and reproductive performance during the postpartum period. Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 50) were divided into four groups based on whether they were healthy (n = 14), or had lipomobilization (n = 14), hypocalcemia (n = 11), and hyperketonemia (n = 11). Transrectal palpation and transrectal B-Mode sonography were carried out on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition. Cows with metabolic disease had a greater (p < 0.05) uterine size as assessed transrectally compared with cows without metabolic disease. Sonographic measurements revealed a greater (p < 0.05) horn diameter and endometrial thickness in cows of the metabolic disease groups than in the healthy cows. Metabolic disease affected (p < 0.05) the milk yield, percentage of service per pregnancy, days to first ovulation and days open. In conclusion, metabolic disease affected the uterine involution and fertility during the postpartum period.

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