scholarly journals Legal Regulation of Biobanks Activity in Russia

CIVIL LAW ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Elena S. Kryukova ◽  
◽  
Valentina D. Ruzanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
State Control ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
General Rules ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rules Of Procedure

The article analyzes the concept and role of biobanks in carrying out genomic research and concludes that it is necessary, on the basis of an agreed conceptual apparatus, to formulate general provisions on the status of subjects with biobanks, on the regime of bio samples and information obtained on their basis. It is proposed to ensure interaction of organizations engaged in biobanking by improving the legal regime of biobanks, forming registers of genetic data and strengthening state control over their activities. The idea is substantiated that the legal regulation of biobanking in Russia should be based on the principles laid down in international acts, ethical rules and doctrine. In the article, considerations were made regarding the need to separate within the framework of the general rules of procedure for the provision of biomaterials and genetic information for scientific purposes, special attention was paid to the procedure for transboundary exchange of information.

scholarly journals Tax lien as a way to ensure the fulfillment of the constitutional obligation to pay taxes and fees

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Svitlana Hretsa
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Status ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Mechanism

The article highlights the legal aspects of using the tax lien as a means to ensure the constitutional obligation to pay taxes andfees. The focus is on the importance of proper implementation of constitutional obligations for the protection of human rights and theperformance of state functions. An important place for tax liability in the system of constitutional obligations has been identified. Themain ways of ensuring the fulfillment of the tax obligation have been revealed and the key role of such a way as tax lien has beenemphasized. The concept of tax lien is defined and the history of formation of this institution in the legislation of Ukraine is revealed.The grounds for the emergence of the right of tax lien, the peculiarities of its documentation (registration) is presented. The status andpowers of the tax manager about the description of the property in the tax lien, checks of its condition, etc. are determined. The articledescribes the legal consequences of non-compliance with the legal requirements of the tax manager, in particular the suspension in courtof expenditure transactions on bank accounts, and in some cases - the use of administrative seizure of property. The author disclosesthe legal regime of property that is in tax lien, the scope of taxpayers’ rights to use it, the content of legislative restrictions on the possibilityof disposing of such property, the procedure for coordinating transactions with mortgage assets. The legal grounds for terminationof the right of tax lien are indicated. The legal mechanism of realization of the right of the tax pledge, the order and sequence ofthe address of collecting on the pledged property is described. The author revealed the shortcomings of the legislation, in particular thelong nature of the recovery in court. Proposals have been made to improve the legal regulation of the tax lien to increase the effectivenessof this instrument to ensure proper implementation of the constitutional obligation to pay taxes. In particular, it is proposed to providethe possibility of extrajudicial recovery of property that is in tax lien when the taxpayer has given written consent.

scholarly journals Genetic information in the system of objects of civil rights

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 110-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Boltanova ◽  
M. P. Imekova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Legislative Regulation

In the last few decades, issues related to the legal regulation of genetic research and the legal regime of genetic information derived from it have become particularly relevant both at the international level and at the level of individual countries. However, Russia has only recently come to realize the need for legislative regulation of the relevant relations. At the same time, a distinctive feature of such regulation is the emphasis on public-legal aspects, and civil-legal aspects have been left without due attention.The distinction between genetic information and genetic data is essential for the determination of the civil law regime of genetic information. Genetic information is personified genetic (genomic) information (information), because it has an individual, personal character as relating directly or indirectly to a particular or identifiable person. Genetic data is non-personalized (anonymized) genetic data, which are characterized by a formalized species, often contained in the information system and in this regard — systematized. Genetic information is an element of such an intangible good as the secret of private life, genetic data are, as a rule, an element of such a result of intellectual activity as a database. In addition, it is concluded that there is no doctrinal or legislative basis for the recognition of genetic information as an independent object of civil rights. The necessity of additional legislative regulation of activity of the biobanks carrying out storage of biomaterials, respectively, genetic data is proved. Genetic information contained in such biobanks should be subject to the legal regime of privacy.

scholarly journals Legal Regulation of the Status of Subjects of Special Competence in Relation to Public Administration in the Sphere of Intellectual Property in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Yevhen Leheza ◽  
Yuriy Deliya ◽  
Eduard Ryzhkov ◽  
Serhii Albul ◽  
Oleksandr Shamara
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Special Competence

Relevant issues of the administrative and legal status of subjects of special competence in relation to public administration in the field of intellectual property are considered. Main  content. A circle of specified subjects in the system of subjects of public administration is determined. The role of subjects of special competence in the fulfilment of tasks of public administration in the sphere of intellectual property is identified. Classification of subjects of special competence regarding public administration in this field is presented. Features of the administrative or legal status of each group of subjects of special competence in relation to public administration in the field of intellectual property are analyzed. Specifics of the influence of these subjects on legal relations arising in the sphere of intellectual property are characterized. Materials and methods research based on the analysis of documentary sources. the  basis  is  the  dialectical  method  of  cognition  of  the  facts  of  social  reality,  on  which  the  formal legal and comparative legal approaches are largely based. Conclusions are drawn about the place of subjects of special competence in relation to public administration in the field of intellectual property among other subjects. Proposals on the necessity to improve current domestic legislation in the sphere of intellectual property are formulated.Keywords: Public administration; Intellectual property; Legal regulation; Relation; Sphere; Subjects of special competence Peraturan hukum status subjek kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual di Ukraina  Abstrak.Masalah yang relevan dari status administrasi dan hukum mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual dipertimbangkan. Isi utama. Lingkaran mata pelajaran tertentu dalam sistem mata pelajaran administrasi publik ditentukan. Peran mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam pemenuhan tugas administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual diidentifikasi. Klasifikasi mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus tentang administrasi publik di bidang ini disajikan. Fitur status administrasi atau hukum dari setiap kelompok mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual dianalisis. Spesifik pengaruh subjek ini pada hubungan hukum yang timbul di bidang kekayaan intelektual dicirikan. Bahan dan metode penelitian berdasarkan analisis sumber dokumenter. Basisnya adalah metode kognisi dialektis atas fakta-fakta realitas sosial, yang menjadi dasar sebagian besar pendekatan hukum formal dan hukum komparatif. Kesimpulan diambil tentang tempat mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual antara mata pelajaran lainnya. Proposal tentang perlunya meningkatkan undang-undang domestik saat ini di bidang kekayaan intelektual dirumuskan.Kata kunci: Administrasi publik, Kekayaan intelektual, Regulasi hukum, Hubungan, Lingkungan, Mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus Правовое регулирование статуса субъектов особой компетенции в отношении государственного управления в сфере интеллектуальной собственности в УкраинеАннотация Рассмотрены актуальные вопросы административно-правового статуса субъектов особой компетенции применительно к государственному управлению в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Основное содержание. Определен круг указанных субъектов в системе субъектов государственного управления. Выявлена роль субъектов специальной компетенции в выполнении задач государственного управления в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Представлена классификация предметов особой компетенции государственного управления в этой области. Анализируются особенности административно-правового статуса каждой группы субъектов особой компетенции применительно к государственному управлению в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Охарактеризована специфика влияния этих субъектов на правоотношения, возникающие в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Материалы и методы исследования на основе анализа документальных источников. в основе лежит диалектический метод познания фактов социальной действительности, на котором в значительной степени базируются формально-правовой и сравнительно-правовой подходы. Сделаны выводы о месте субъектов особой компетенции по отношению к государственному управлению в сфере интеллектуальной собственности среди других субъектов. Сформулированы предложения о необходимости совершенствования действующего украинского законодательства в области интеллектуальной собственности.Ключевые слова: Государственное управление, Интеллектуальная собственность, Правовое регулирование, Отношения, Сфера, Субъекты особой компетенции.

scholarly journals CIVIL LAW REGIME OF DUAL-USE GOODS FROM THE POSITION OF ENSURING THE BALANCE OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC INTERESTS: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ASPECT

2020 ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Mikhail G. Shcherbakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Fair Balance

The article examines the dialectical relationship between the balance of private and public interests and the effectiveness of legal regulation of the dual-use goods. The concepts of dual-use goods and the legal regime of dual-use goods are examined and the conclusion is made that there is an interdependence between the categories «fair balance of private and public interests» and «the form and content of the dual-use goods regime». The structure of the legal regime system, consisting of interconnected subsystems that are in functional unity with each other, is analyzed. The dynamic property of the legal regime of dual-use goods to change the status of the goods and the status of the subject, depending on the state of the balance of private and public interests, is revealed. A special mechanism has been identified for regulating the system of the legal regime for dual-use goods, arising from the process of unification of legal norms, both at the international and national levels. The author proposed measures to improve the mechanism for regulating the legal regime of dual-use goods, based on the achievements of scientific and technological progress. Thus, increasing inter-industry relations through the unification of legal norms, as well as the use of modern technologies in the export control process, will ensure a fair balance between private and public interests. Meanwhile, state intervention in the property relations of individuals should be of an exceptional nature, providing for the existence of a mechanism for judicial protection of the weak side, for example, in the form of an institution for consumer protection. It is a focused approach based on the additional role of the state that will improve the effectiveness of the dual-use goods regime, as well as eliminate archaic methods of legal regulation of the turnover of dual-use goods based on the permissive type of regulation. In that way, the system measures that allow integrating advanced technologies into the mechanism of dual-use goods regime include: - introduction of a risk-based approach in the export control system; - transition to the notification procedure for export control; - transition to automatic identification of dual-use goods; - creation of a unified technological platform for controlling the turnover of dual-use goods; - creating a virtual image of dual-use goods with the function of saving the history of their use; - chipping of dual-use goods; - use of distribution registers in transactions with dual-use goods.

scholarly journals SPECIFICS OF LEGAL REGULATION IN GENOMIC RESEARCHES AT THE INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LEVEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
P. A. Kalinichenko ◽  
M. V. Nekoteneva
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Genome Research ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Human Genomics ◽  
European Regional

This article is devoted to the analysis of diff erences in approaches and in choice of tools at the international (universal) and European (regional) levels of interaction between states in the regulation of relations in the fi eld of genomic research and the implementation of their results. The article analyzes specifi cs of approaches at the universal and regional level, including activities of the UN family bodies, the Council of Europe, the European Union in the fi eld of protecting human rights and human genomics. Special attention is paid to the role of international soft law in the development of legal regulation (self-regulation) in the mentioned fi eld. The materials of the article can be useful both in theoretical and practical jurisprudence, and may also be of interest for other areas of the human genome research (bioinformatics, medicine, human reproduction, etc.).

scholarly journals CURRENT ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF HUMAN GENOME DATABASES CREATING AND FUNCTIONING

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Алексей Чемерис ◽  
Владимир Анисимов ◽  
Фарит Аминев
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Genome Databases ◽  
State Organizations

The relevance of the article is due, on the one hand, to the active introduction of genomic research technologies into everyday life and the accumulation of a significant amount of genetic information while providing medical care and other genome screening and sequencing services by private and state organizations. On the other hand, it is relevant due to the beginning of the implementation of large-scale government projects to create an information-analytical system for storing and processing genetic data. In these circumstances, the issues of developing an effective legal regulation of creating and functioning of human genome databases are of particular importance. Aim: to study the requirements of international and national standards for statutory regulation of relations connected to genomic researches, as well as to collecting, processing, storing and using genetic information. Methods: in the study formal logical and general scientific methods of scientific knowledge are used; private scientific (comparative legal, formal dogmatic) methods are used. Results: Based on these requirements, the current national legislation is assessed, an urgent need is defined to adopt a special federal law on the protection of genomic information, which enshrines the necessary rules on procedures for forming relevant databases, the procedure for storing and using the resulting genomic information, as well as the legal regime of the information contained in the database.

Managing gene flow among isolated population fragments

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-134
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
The Status

Even without detailed genetic data, sound genetic management strategies for augmenting gene flow can be instituted by considering population genetics theory, and/or computer simulations. When detailed data are lacking, moving (translocating) some individuals into isolated inbred population fragments is better than moving none, as long as the risk of outbreeding depression is low. With more detailed genetic information, more precise genetic management of fragmented populations can be achieved. Using mean kinship within and between populations (estimated from modeling, pedigrees, genetic markers or genomes), and moving individuals among fragments with the lowest between fragment mean kinships provides the best approach to gene flow management. Populations should then be monitored to confirm that movement of individuals has resulted in the desired levels of gene flow, genetic diversity has been enhanced, and that the status of the population is improving.

scholarly journals ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT OF A WILL IN RESPECT OF THE TESTATOR'S DIGITAL ASSETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Tatyana S. Yatsenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Digital Assets

Difficulties in ensuring the transfer of rights to digital assets to heirs exist today in most legal systems of the world, which is due to the lack of readiness of traditional inheritance law for such rapid development of technologies and the emergence of new objects. Taking into account foreign experience, the article analyzes the main problems that may arise in Russia in the process of executing wills in relation to digital assets due to the restriction in the law of their composition that does not meet the needs of turnover, the lack of a unified approach to understanding the legal regime of their individual types, the need to rethink the status and role of the executor in this process.

scholarly journals Biometrics in the Context of Personal Data and Genetic Information: Legal Issues

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Rassolov ◽  
S. G. Chubukova ◽  
I. V. Mikurova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Information Law ◽  
Identification Of Persons

In modern society, methods of identification of persons on the basis of their physical, biological or behavioral characteristics are actively developing. European countries are in the process of developing a holistic doctrine on biometric control and are clarifying their position on situations where biometric data are used by individuals.From the position of information law, the paper presents a new author’s approach to the problem of processing biometric data and genetic information. The division of biometrics into “trace” and “non-trace” is losing its meaning. A new classification of biometrics into digital and analog is proposed.Biometric access control should not become a routine phenomenon in the framework of the organization of the company and without any reason to replace other existing types of control. The interested person can be entrusted with the storage of their own biometric data to reduce the risks of leakage and the consequences of exposure to them. Biometric data must be stored on the company’s servers in encrypted form, which makes it impossible to use them without the consent of the person concerned.Biometric data should be protected by a special legal regime. The analysis of the European and Russian legislation made it possible to draw the following conclusions: biometric data is a special type of personal data, a special legal regime and regulation should be established; digital biometrics needs special legal regulation, since it is the most vulnerable type; genetic information does not fully correspond to the concept of personal data, as it can relate to an unlimited number of persons. This determines the need to develop a special law “on genetic information”.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF DECISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION ON MASS MEDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
D. Sh. Pirbudagova ◽  
◽  
A.M. Omarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Media Society ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the legal positions of the constitutional control bodies regarding the legislative regulation of the status of mass media. The authors note that the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has made decisions on the issues of financing, ownership and legal regulation of mass media, the relationship between the mass media, society and the state, the content of the constitutional prohibition of censorship and its correlation with restrictions on freedom of mass media, etc. Conclusions are drawn about the conceptual nature of the decisions of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation aimed at clarifying the constitutional and legal status of mass media and contributing to filling legal gaps in this area

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