Kids at Work

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emir Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Child Street

Kids at Work is the first book to look at the participation of child street vendors in the United States. The children portrayed in this book are the children of undocumented Latinx immigrants who are relegated to street vending because they lack opportunities to work in the formal sector of the economy. On the streets of Los Angeles, California, the children help their parents prepare and sell ethnic food from México and Central America, such as pozole, pupusas, tamales, champurrado, tacos, and tejuino. Shedding light on the experiences of children in this occupation highlights the complexities and nuances of family relations when children become economic co-contributors. This book captures a preindustrial form of family work life in a postindustrial urban setting where a new form of childhood emerges. Child street vendors experience a childhood period and family work relations that lies in the intersection of two polar views of childhood, which embodies a mutually protective and supportive aspect of the economic relationship between parent and child. This book is primarily based on the point of view of street vending children, and it is complemented with parent interviews and rich ethnographic fieldwork that humanizes their experience.

Introduction

Kids at Work ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Emir Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Segmented Assimilation ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Intersectionality Theory ◽  
Child Street

The introduction sets the context for the study of street vending children who work side by side with their undocumented parents in Los Angeles. This chapter outlines the various strategies the researcher used to enter the field, recruit the families, and establish rapport with the children and their parents. The author also describes the research site and the research methodology. The author is reflexive about her insider and outsider position and describes how having worked as a young girl with her parents both in Mexico and the United States helped her gain the trust of her respondents. In addition, the introduction situates the role of children and work in a historical context and provides a theoretical framework to help understand the lives of child vendors in Los Angeles. The experience of child street vendors bridges intersectionality theory, social capital theory, and the socialization of childhood and brings to light the hidden resources that are overshadowed by segmented assimilation theory, the leading theory that has been used to understand the experience of post-1965 immigrants and their children. The chapter also introduces the four overarching research questions that guide this research and provides a roadmap of the book.

Street Vending in Los Angeles

Kids at Work ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 43-63
Author(s):  
Emir Estrada
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Political Turmoil

Chapter 2 situates the study historically in the context of U.S. and Mexican migration and traces the formation of the street vending economy in urban centers in México and in U.S. cities such as Los Angeles and New York. The chapter demonstrates that street vending across the border is linked to macro structural forces and is not solely derivative of Latinx cultural practices. The chapter also highlights the historical precedent of street vending in the United States, as opposed to portraying the work as a direct cultural transplant from Latin America. The Latinx street vendors in Los Angeles immigrated to a society where street vending had been an economic strategy since the early nineteenth century. The chapter notes that as a result of both political turmoil and the rise of a foodie culture based on “authenticity,” attitudes toward street vendors are becoming more sympathetic and respectful, leading to the decriminalization of street vending across the state of California.

Incorporating Media in Promoting Lifelong Learning Among Street Vendors in Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-188
Author(s):  
Isaac Kofi Biney
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Business Policy ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Inclusive Business ◽  
Effective Collaboration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Learning As A Process

This chapter explores media promotion of lifelong learning among street vendors in Ghana. It looks at conceptual frameworks underpinning street vending and the relevance of media in empowering street vendors. It also examines challenges involved in street vending and strategies in integrating street vending into the formal sector of the economy of Ghana. The contributions of media in empowering street vendors and learning as a process of lifelong learning fashion are also discussed. Issues emerging from street vending and recommendations are discussed. The chapter concludes that the Government of Ghana should develop all-inclusive business policy to accelerate formalization of informal enterprises. Street vendors should also build strong front, and leadership, to foster effective collaboration and partnership with media houses to aid in deepening lifelong learning drive in Ghana.

“I Get Mad and I Tell Them, ‘Guys Could Clean, Too!’”

Kids at Work ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Emir Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Central American ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Feminist Literature ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gendered Expectations

Chapter 5 underlines how gender shapes the way this study's girls and boys experience this occupation and how the children and the families create gendered expectations as well as strategies for protection. While both boys and girls work alongside their parents on the street, findings revealed that the daughters of Mexican and Central American street vendors in Los Angeles are more active than the sons in street vending with the family. How do we explain this paradox? A gendered analysis helps explain why girls are compelled into street vending, while boys are allowed to withdraw or minimize their participation. This chapter extends the feminist literature on intersectionality by exploring the world of Latinx teenage street vendors from a perspective that takes into account gendered expectations not only resulting from the familiar intersecting relations of race, class, and gender, but also as a consequence of age as well as of the inequality of nations that gives rise to particular patterns of international labor migration.

“The Royal Book of Degrees from the Point of View of Modern Slavonic Scholars. International Research Conference in Los Angeles

2009 ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Usachev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Research Conference ◽  
Book Culture

The publication on the conference devoted to discussing of bibliological problems, connected with a monument of Russian medieval book culture — the Royal Book of Degrees (Kniga stepennaia tsarskogo rodosloviia), 1556–1563. Conference has been organized by University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), on February 26–28th, 2009. It was attended by scholars from the United States, Russia, Great Britain, Germany and France, including the author of the article.

scholarly journals Street vending in the Eastern Cape: Survival strategy or conduit to entrepreneurship?

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mahadea
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Survival Mode ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

Although South Afiica consistently registered positive economic growth rates since the democratic government took office in 1994, this economic expansion has not been accompanied by a surge of new formal sector jobs. The public and private sectors have been shedding labour, partly in response to globalisation and domestic economic realities. Consequently, more and more individuals are taking to street vending to create jobs for themselves. This article examines the dynamics of street vending and investigates whether it is merely a survival mode of existence or a conduit to formal entrepreneurship. The results of the study indicate that only 15 per cent of the surveyed operators may graduate to formal entrepreneurship in the medium or long term. It seems highly unlikely that a substantial number of high profile entrepreneurs would emerge from this mass of survivalist traders. For most street traders, the informal economy is not a conduit to entrepreneurship, but a survival strategy. From a development perspective, the way forward for street vendors is to transform their ventures into more value-adding operations that can provide sustainable livelihoods for themselves, and in due course jobs for others.

scholarly journals Another Life is Possible: Black Fugitivity and Enclosed Places

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien M. Sojoyner
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
State Governance ◽  
The City

The Black fugitive in the United States has been a metaphorical and literal construction for both exposing oppressive forms of state governance and the development of strategic plans to achieve freedom from the state. Commonly thought of within a historical setting, the Black fugitive in this article is situated within the contemporary urban setting of Los Angeles, California. As told through the lived experience of young Black residents of the city, the narrative of fugitivity exposes the false promises of state governance, which is theorized as an enclosure. Specifically, this article focuses on self-removal from the state structure of formal education as a vehicle to understand Black fugitivity as a generative source of freedom from violent forms of state governance.

RACIAL REALITIES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Clovis L. White
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Insight Into

Doing Race: 21 Essays for the 21st Century and Black Los Angeles: American Dreams and Racial Realities are two important additions to the study of race in the United States. First, both provide insight into the continuous significance of race in a time when racial tensions are on the rise despite the ubiquitous suggestion that we are in a post-racial society. Secondly, both works serve as important indicators of the multiplicative nature of race, each covering many of the bases so critical to race study. As many academicians and students of race and ethnicity recognize, race is a phenomenon that must be approached from multiple angles (e.g., anthropologically, sociologically, historically, and so on) if we are to fully understand how race operates. Thirdly, these two works offer an array of possible solutions or models for addressing some of the problems that beset racial and ethnic conflicts. Finally, while each of the books tackles the issue of race, they complement each other as Doing Race provides a more general, comprehensive understanding of racial and ethnic issues across the United States while Black Los Angeles represents a specific case study of race relations in one urban setting. All in all, these works make important contributions to the literature about the significance of race in America.

scholarly journals Street Businesses in Addis Ababa: Causes, Consequences and Administrative Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
Jemal Abagissa
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Direct Government

Street vending has long been a source of debate among development economists. It has been argued that direct government intervention that aids this sector will encourage rural to urban migration. Others have argued that this sector deserves government help as often more than 50% of the urban labour force is employed by this sector. This study is designed to assess the causes, consequences and administrative interventions of street vending in Addis Ababa with particular reference to Yeka sub-city. Data were collected from randomly selected samples of 330 street vendors, 14 code enforcers and 9 government officials through questionnaires and interview of key respondents. The finding shows most of the traders came from outside Addis Ababa in search of jobs. Street vending proliferated as a way of life and a coping mechanism adopted by those economically under privileged segment of the society. Factors that led to street vending were complex and varied. According to the findings, absence of opportunity in the formal sector was the main factor that led the operators to street vending. This is followed by the need to support their family and themselves. The authorities stated that unless managed well street vending will have negative impact on traffic movement, encroach on public space and create unfair completion with formal businesses. To mitigate these problems the city administration has issued street vending regulation No. 5 in 2018 so that specific vending plots are allocated and the vendors need to do their business legally and those who fail to follow the rules will be dealt with by the law.

scholarly journals Study of socio-demographic profile and causes of street vending in urban area, Aurangabad, Maharashtra

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 4005
Author(s):  
Mohan K. Doibale ◽  
Seema Digambar Mohite ◽  
Gautam B. Sawase ◽  
Pallavi H. Pagadal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Large Numbers

Background: Street vending as a profession has been in existence in India since times immemorial. Poverty and lack of gainful employment in the rural areas and in the smaller towns drive large numbers of people to the city. Thus the present study is conducted to study socio-demographic profile, causes, addiction, morbidity pattern among street vendors. The objective of the present study is to study socio-demographic profile of street vendors, causes of street vending, addiction among street vendors, health problems faced by street vendors.Methods: The study was conducted in Shahagunj, where urban health training centre of Government Medical College Aurangabad is situated, for period of 2 months duration. All street vendors in the Shahagunj were included in the study. The purpose of study was explained to them. The survey was carried out with predesigned pretested questionnaire. The question related to socio-demographic characteristics, causes of street vending, addiction of smoking were asked.Results: About (29.6%) vendors belongs to age group 30-39, male participants are more in number, illiterate or educated up to primary school. Most of the vendors belongs to nuclear family, 71.25% vendors are migrated from other cities to seek employment, 73.6% vendors works with no holiday in a week. Vendors are addicted of tobacco chewing (27%), pan (6%) and cigarette (6%). Causes to become in informal sector are unable to fulfill requirement of formal sector 54%, only source of income 44% avoid tax is 2%. About 30% vendors are having health issues; maximum was musculoskeletal morbidities contributing 8.8%.Conclusions: Unable to fulfill requirement of formal sector and no other source of income are the major causes to be in the street vending.

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