Introduction

Selling and delivering newspapers was one of the first and most formative experiences of America’s youth throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, yet its history has been obscured by myth and mired in cliché. Crying the News takes the job of newspaper peddling seriously as work and not just as an object of romance or reform. It shows how child street labor changed over time in practice and in perception, while remaining integral to the survival of working-class families, the socialization of their children, and the fortunes of a major industry. Boys and girls found both opportunity and exploitation in the news trade, and they came to personify the spirit of capitalism and its discontents. This book aims not simply to distinguish history from myth but to explore the relationship between the two—to dissect how newsboys’ dual careers as workers and symbols shaped each other, creating wealth for some and meaning for many.

Call to Service

The Great War, from 1914 to 1918, hastened many changes in the American news trade that transformed both the meaning and experience of child street peddling. The war redefined the role of children in civic affairs and enhanced newsboys’ reputation for patriotism. From New York to Seattle, peddling papers came to be regarded less as a demoralizing form of labor and more as a branch of national service. Child labor reformers, many of whom opposed the war, lost much of their clout, while publishers gained stature and profit mobilizing newsboys to sell war bonds and form Scout troops. Thousands of former newsboys became part of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) and dozens won distinction for heroism. Those too young to bear arms sometimes showed their mettle by harassing “slackers” or German Americans. Yet boys who cried false news or mounted strikes faced their own charges of disloyalty. Whether as soldiers, sailors, strikers, or street sellers, America’s newsboys now entered the world’s stage.

Introduction

The introduction sets the context for the study of street vending children who work side by side with their undocumented parents in Los Angeles. This chapter outlines the various strategies the researcher used to enter the field, recruit the families, and establish rapport with the children and their parents. The author also describes the research site and the research methodology. The author is reflexive about her insider and outsider position and describes how having worked as a young girl with her parents both in Mexico and the United States helped her gain the trust of her respondents. In addition, the introduction situates the role of children and work in a historical context and provides a theoretical framework to help understand the lives of child vendors in Los Angeles. The experience of child street vendors bridges intersectionality theory, social capital theory, and the socialization of childhood and brings to light the hidden resources that are overshadowed by segmented assimilation theory, the leading theory that has been used to understand the experience of post-1965 immigrants and their children. The chapter also introduces the four overarching research questions that guide this research and provides a roadmap of the book.

Kids at Work

Kids at Work is the first book to look at the participation of child street vendors in the United States. The children portrayed in this book are the children of undocumented Latinx immigrants who are relegated to street vending because they lack opportunities to work in the formal sector of the economy. On the streets of Los Angeles, California, the children help their parents prepare and sell ethnic food from México and Central America, such as pozole, pupusas, tamales, champurrado, tacos, and tejuino. Shedding light on the experiences of children in this occupation highlights the complexities and nuances of family relations when children become economic co-contributors. This book captures a preindustrial form of family work life in a postindustrial urban setting where a new form of childhood emerges. Child street vendors experience a childhood period and family work relations that lies in the intersection of two polar views of childhood, which embodies a mutually protective and supportive aspect of the economic relationship between parent and child. This book is primarily based on the point of view of street vending children, and it is complemented with parent interviews and rich ethnographic fieldwork that humanizes their experience.

Positioning Agency of Migrant Street Working Children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Ethiopia is among the poorest countries of the world in which many children do not have access to a quality education, and many children are engaged in child labour. The study aims to explain the interplay of factors for independent migration and street working experience of children. The article adopted an ethnographic qualitative research method. In-depth interviews, observation, and informal discussions were important tools of data collection. The findings show that independent migration is an important component of working children on streets of Addis Ababa. Children exercise their agency to migrate and engage in a certain kinds of street activities. Most of them migrate from rural areas for non-economic reasons. Street activities are gendered as well as generationally divided. These children have positioned themselves as workers and streets as their workplaces. Despite their agency, they are vulnerable to different structural problems. Hence, blaming child street workers cannot be an effective means of eliminating child labour.

Pendampingan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) Cahaya Bunda di Jembatan Merah Kota Surabaya

Community service activities in the red bridge ridge Kelurahan Nyamplungan District Pabean Cantika Surabaya. They reside with sober, even they can say their homes are roofed by the earth, meaning they only sleep in the grove of shops or warehouses that potluck often expelled by SATPOL PP. Their work scavenging, begging and ngamen in a red light stop, shops in the market Kapasan Kota Surabaya. So far, they are not recognized by Surabaya city government because they do not have identity card and family card. Though it is located in Jempatan Merah It has been many years even since birth. Seeing their difficulty to get rights and recognition from Surabaya City Government and get the feasibility of life. The team in cooperation with Muhammadiyah Branch Chief of Surabaya City has been helping residents living on the banks of the Jembatan Merah river. Programs that have been dilaksanaka Pengajian, Al Quran Educational Place, Early Childhood Education, learning to read, write and make craft.Permasalahan main in Child Street Stewardship and Blind Literacy In the Red Bridge Kelurahan Nyamplungan Kecamatan Pabean Cantika Kota Surabaya.

Reading Lewis Hine's Photography of Child Street Labour, 1906–1918

Lewis Hine's child-labour photographs are among the best-known social-documentary photographs ever taken, yet historians have neglected his photography of children working on the streets of America's cities. This paper explores the disputed symbolism of Hine's street-labour photographs. Far from simply depicting another appalling form of child labour, Hine's child street labourers, and the newsboys he photographed in particular, represented a range of ideas from masculinity and entrepreneurial spirit to the dangers of the new urban life and the apparent ignorance of immigrant parents. The symbolic newsboy was often far removed from the reality of child street labour, but he became an important figure in discourse surrounding the nature of childhood and the organization of public space in the United States of the early twentieth century. In exploring these subjects, this article takes on a neglected part of American history, yet an important one. Studying child street labourers reveals much about children, their choices, and the urban environment in the United States during the Progressive Era.