EU Enlargement and LGBT Rights

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-56
Author(s):  
Conor O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
Geographic Scope ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

This chapter describes how the EU came to embrace policies furthering LGBT equality and then promoted them transnationally through the enlargement process. It addresses three main questions. First, what was the EU’s own path to these policies? Second, how have scholars conceptualized EU leverage in diffusing these policies, and what are the findings in extant empirical analyses of this diffusion in Western Europe and first-wave postcommunist EU applicant-states? Third, if the geographic scope is extended to include not just first-wave postcommunist EU applicant-states but all of postcommunist Europe, can EU leverage still be shown to significantly influence states’ adoption of LGBT-friendly policies? The chapter presents statistical analysis to address the latter question. It finds support for the positive effect of EU leverage on legal frameworks regarding sexual orientation in postcommunist Europe broadly considered, but it also finds that the promise of membership has a stronger effect on the quality of rights frameworks than being a member.

scholarly journals The Importance Of Human Capital For The Economic Development Of EU Regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Laskowska ◽  
Barbara Dańska-Borsiak
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Spatial Dependencies ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

The EU designs its cohesion policy with the primary purpose of reducing disparities in regional development. The success of the policy is largely determined by the identification of factors that contribute to such disparities. One of the key determinants of economic success is human capital. This article examines the relationship between the quality of human capital and economic development of EU’s regions. Using spatial analysis methods, the spatial dependencies between the growth of human capital and GDP per capita are investigated. According to the research results, the highest levels of human capital are typical of the most affluent regions in Western Europe, while its lowest levels are found in the poorest countries that became EU members only recently and in countries in southern Europe, including Greece. The spatial correlation measures confirm that spatial relationships have effect on the regional resources of human capital, showing that regions rich in human capital border on regions that are similar to them in that respect. The results of the spatial growth regression indicate that the amount of human capital in the region has a significant and positive effect on its GDP per capita.

(Un)fit for 55! Ohne eine verschärfte Governance-Verordnung sind die Klimaziele 2030 nicht zu erreichen

IG ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-300
Author(s):  
Michèle Knodt ◽  
Rainer Müller ◽  
Sabine Schlacke ◽  
Marc Ringel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Regulatory Action ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Soft Governance ◽  
Energy Efficiency Targets ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

The European Commission's “Fit for 55” package of July 2021 provides for a significant increase in renewable energy and energy efficiency targets in the European Union (EU). However, the EU’s competences in the energy sector are severely limited and subject to sovereignty. Already in 2018, the EU adopted a Governance Regulation that provides for a hardening of the otherwise only soft governance in the areas of renewable energies and energy efficiency due to the lack of European competences. It is intended to ensure that the Commission's recommendations for improving national energy and climate plans are implemented by the member states. An analysis of the quality of implementation of these recommendations now shows that this has a positive effect in areas with harder soft governance but still needs improvement. Increasing the targets of regulatory action cannot be successful without revising the Governance Regulation and hardening soft governance along with it. Otherwise, the EU is not fit for its 55 percent target in 2030.

scholarly journals Impact of the union intervention in the matter of labor risks of psychosocial origin. A study purchased in Western Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Payá Castiblanque
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

It is known that union intervention has a positive effect on the reduction of occupational accidents. However, there is no comparable evidence on its effect on psychosomatic pathologies. This research studies the impact of workers' representation on psychosocial risks, both in aggregate terms for the whole of the EU and in a comparative manner between the different systems of labor relations. To this end, the microdata of a survey of 31,991 European work centers (ESENER-2) are analyzed by means of various regression models that allowed the identification of how the presence of representatives guarantees higher standards of management and the corresponding cultural activation, while those of absenteeism from work are only reduced with the direct and active participation of the workers. On the other hand, the analysis of multiple correspondences allows us to see how the institutionalized systems of the Central European and Mediterranean area present more difficulties in involving workers than the Scandinavian or Anglo-Saxon systems, which are characterized by higher levels of self-regulation

scholarly journals Strefa euro a nowe kraje członkowskie Unii Europejskiej - dywergencja czy konwergencja gospodarcza?

2004 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Aldona Zawojska
Keyword(s):  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Convergence Criteria ◽  
East European ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Eu

Economic and Monetary Union is unique in that it combines centralised conduct of monetary policy by the European Central Bank (ECB) with national sovereignty over fiscal and other economic policies. Its main goals are providing greater macroeconomic stability and improving economic efficiency in the euro area. After implementation of the EU enlargement on l May 2004, the ten new EU member states now face the challenge of joining the Eurozone. Central and East European Countries (CEEC) differ significantly with regards to their economic performance. Of the eight countries in Central and Eastern Europe joined the EU, only Estonia and Lithuania currently meet all the Maastricht convergence criteria. EU membership gives the opportunity to catch up, but the actual economic outcomes depend on the quality of domestic policies.

scholarly journals EU ENLARGEMENT: TURKISH ACCESSION AND IDENTITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jave Zulkarnaen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Identity Perception ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

Turkey is one of the most important countries for the EU because it has a strategic position in Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and even the Middle East. The good relationship between Turkey and the EU is based on history such as war, diplomacy, trade, art, cuisine, to culture. For centuries, the relationship between the two marked the deep economic, cultural, artistic, and social cooperation between the Ottoman Empire and the European powers of the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries. At the same time, conflict and competition create an identity perception among EU countries towards Turkey. This paper attempts to explain the identity of Turkey and the European Union and to determine whether the identity as cultural or political affected the Turkish application to be a member of the European Union.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE OF SOURCES OF FINANCING FIXED ASSETS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
Irena Kropsz-Wydra
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Average Share ◽  
Source Structure ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the research was to determine the structure and dynamics of changes in the sources of financing fixed assets serving environmental protection in Poland. The article covers the years 2012-2013. The analysis concerned sources of financing perceived from a regional perspective, taking average dynamics of changes into account and showcasing the average share of individual sources of financing in voivodships. The support of such financing with EU funds was particularly emphasized. It was proven that, apart from own resources, public funds from the European Union budget and co-financing from environmental funds take up a significant share in the structure of sources of financing of environmental protection. Favorable changes were observed in the financing source structure of fixed assets serving environmental protection in various regions of Poland in the analyzed period. The highest dynamics of changes in Poland and in voivodships applied to foreign funds, a consequence of using financial resources from the EU budget to improve and maintain the quality of the natural environment. A positive effect of these activities was an increase in the value of expenditures on fixed assets in environmental protection after 2004, in other words after joining the EU. This was confirmed by the growing dynamics of changes in investment outlays for fixed assets in environmental protection in Poland and individual voivodships. After 2004, the share of funds from ecological funds as well as domestic credits and loans decreased, while the share of funds from abroad increased significantly.

L'Europa orientale a venti anni dal 1989

2009 ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Stefano Bianchini
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Eastern And Western Europe ◽  
The Eu

- Eastern Europe twenty years on looks retrospectively at the radical changes that have occurred in East-Central Europe since 1989. Despite the Cold War, cultural, economic and social exchanges and "métissages" had developed between the two parts of Europe. The communist collapse of 1989 offered a simultaneous opportunity of reforms and integration, given the interdependence between the "post-socialist transition" and the double process of the Eu enlargement and deepening. Nationalism however has emerged in opposition to integration (and globalization) in both Eastern and Western Europe, giving a new dimension to processes that increasingly have emphasized how Europe is no longer divided in an East-West dichotomy, but displays similar problems in dealing with diversity, social welfare, effective governance and mutual recognition.Key words: Post-socialist transition, European Union, métissage, Nationalism, Globalization.Parole chiave: transizione post-socialista, Unione europea, meticciato, nazionalismo, globalizzazione.

scholarly journals "CYCLIST ON THE MARSH": LESSONS AND PROSPECTS OF THE LAST EU ENLARGEMENT

2013 ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
A. I. Tevdoy-Bourmouli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Members ◽  
East European ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The Eu ◽  
West European

The latest cycle of the European Union enlargement generated a panoply of problems unknown of in the anamnesis of this organisation. Specific historic experience of the applicants pre-determined a considerable specialty of west-European fashioned democratic regimes in those countries, weakness of consensus and tolerance culture which has already rooted itself in the West-European society, and which has to a considerable degree secured stable development of Western Europe over the last decades. This constellation resulted particularly in the renaissance on the level of European establishment of the nationalist phobia and memories deeply buried decades ago. Though the scale of the eventual problems was evident to the EU leaders long before the official entry of Central and East-European (CEE) countries to the European Union, it neither blocked the admission of new members nor entailed a refusal to pursue the plans of further enlargement at the time when Brussels’ fears have panned out. The paradox is predetermined by the combination of the EU motives – common interests of the integration group with the interests both of individual members and outside actors.

Possibilities and prospects of conservative therapy for endometriosis, as a chronical progressing disease (review of literature)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu. Pestrikova ◽  
Elena A. Yurasova ◽  
Igor V. Yurasov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Positive Effect

Relevance. Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease that affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide and is the main cause of pain and infertility. Endometriosis is a disease, although it has been known for a long time, nevertheless, in many ways it represents terra incognita for modern medicine. Aim. Analysis of literature on the feasibility of long-term and the use of the drug dienogest 2 mg (Vizanne), which has a positive effect on the quality of life of patients with endometriosis. Materials and methods. To write this review, a search was made for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search engines (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) over the past 13 years. The review included articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. The review presents data on the difficulties of verifying the diagnosis of endometriosis due to a combination of this pathology with pain, infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding. The pathogenesis of the origin of endometriosis-associated pain is presented. The efficacy of the use of the drug dienogest (Vizanne), which has a powerful antiproliferative effect that reduces the main symptoms of endometriosis (pain, bleeding), is substantiated. The expediency of long-term and safe use of the drug dienogest (Vizanne), which has a positive effect on the quality of life of patients with endometriosis, has been proved. Conclusions. Numerous scientific publications confirm the feasibility of prolonged use of the drug dienogest (Vizanne), to achieve remission during endometriosis.

The Effects of Exercise Commitment Facilitated by Service Quality of Smartphone Exercise Applications on Continued Exercise Intention

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Boo-Gil Seok ◽  
Hyun-Suk Park
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Exercise Intention

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of exercise commitment facilitated by service quality of smartphone exercise Apps on continued exercise intention and provide primary data for developing and/or improving smartphone exercise Apps. Methods/Statistical analysis: A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst college students who have experiences in using exercise App(s) and regularly exercise. The questionnaire is composed of four parts asking about service quality, exercise commitment, continued exercise intention, which were measured with a 5-point Likert Scale, and demographics. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were carried out to analyze the obtained data with PASW 18.0.

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