scholarly journals MEMBEDAH TEORI SOSIOLOGI: Teori Pertukaran (Exchange Theory) George Caspar Homans

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Wardani Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Theoretical Frame

This article is aimed at analyzing critically George Caspar Homans’s theory of exchange. The critical analysis that may be called here simply as “maping ideology” embodied in theory is needed to place the theory within the specific social and political condition, intellectual background, school of thought having great influence on it, and so forth, and also to assesses its limitedness as a theoretical frame-work of scientific research to explain complicated social phenomenon or human interaction. Influenced by psychological and economic theories, Homans’s theory of exchange has been intended at the beginning by the author as attack against Marxism domination that addressed criticism to capitalism as macro-structure oppressing the proletariat by the ruling class and against Durkheimian structural functionalism. By addressing the attack against Marxism and because of his intellectual and social background, Homans’s theory then has been regarded as an explanation justifying the existing situation. Being attributed as psychological reductionism, as neglecting the important role of structure, and deterministic are some of the objections addressed to his theory.      

scholarly journals Role of Local Press in Conflicts: A Case Study of Editorial’ Contents of Daily Chand and Daily Shamal during Militancy in district Swat, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Jamal Ud Din ◽  
Rooh Ul Amin Khan ◽  
Khalid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Media Hegemony ◽  
The Media ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
The Government

The study "Role of Local Press in Conflict: A Case Study of Editorial' Contents of  Daily Chand and Daily Shamal during Militancy in district Swat, Pakistan" is basically a comparison of editorials, being published on the issue of militancy in both the local dailies of Swat to analyze that how these dailies treated government and militants’ agendas in their editorials. This study was conducted by content analysis of editorials of Daily Chand and Daily Shamal, publishing from district Swat while the media hegemony theory was applied as theoretical frame work for conducting the study. The findings made it clear that both the dailies had been given more coverage to militants' agenda, the ruling class during the unrest, than government agenda. Daily Chand had written total 84 editorials on the issue of militancy, it wrote 12 (14 percent) editorials against government but not a single editorial had been written against militants. Besides the daily had given only 06 percent supportive coverage to government agenda by publishing 05 editorials while the paper had, however, given more supportive coverage to militants by publishing 17 editorials in favor of their agenda with 20 percent of its total editorials, being published on the issue of militancy. Similarly daily Shamal had written 61 editorials on issue of militancy and of them only three editorials had been written with percentage of 05 percent in support of government agenda while it published two editorials in favor of militants' agenda, which reflect 03 percent of the total editorials, being written on the issue of militancy. Daily Shamal wrote o8 editorials (13 percent) against the provincial government, but it did not write even a single editorial to oppose militants' agenda or their any kind of act, meant to challenge writ of the government in district Swat, Pakistan.

scholarly journals The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic and Social Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Youssef CHAHINE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Contribution

Entrepreneurship is used to denote explorers and innovators in various fields. It has affected by economics, psychology, marketing, sociology, history, strategic management and human sciences. It is also considered as one of the important areas in the economies of developed industrial countries and developing ones. Therefore entrepreneurial projects make an active contribution to expansion of comprehensive economic development in all countries. This paper attempts to provide a theoretical frame work on the concept of entrepreneurship, its importance, characteristics and components. It also deals with the most important obstacles, reforms and the extent of the impact of entrepreneurshipon economic and social development of the country. Many societies face different problems related to pushing economic development forward. Hence, the role of entrepreneurship lay which affect positively and substantially in supporting this progress.

Wer hat Zugang zur indischen Universität? / Who has access to Indian universities?

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prodosh Aich
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
New Students

AbstractIndian educational policymakers and responsible educationists in India are generally convinced that educational institutions at all levels have been opened for traditionally underprivileged groups after the achievement of national independence. This belief is systematically being reinforced by publications of national and foreign scholars. Experts agree that the standard of education at the Indian universities is continuously deteriorating as a result of an increasing number of ‘new students’ who have no tradition in learning. The survey presented here has been conducted at four universities including all students in their final year. The data show that the structures of colonial privilege continue to exist even after 20 years independence, as far as the chances for access to university are concerned. The privileged social background has, however, no influence on positive academic achievement. In other words, the ‚new students‘ are not responsible for the declining standard. A critical analysis reveals that the convictions mentioned above are parts of the ruling class ideology in present India.

scholarly journals White Womans Burden: A Critique of White Womens Portrayal in Selected Postcolonial Fiction

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 326-331
Author(s):  
Zia Ahmed Dogar ◽  
Akbar Sajid ◽  
Muhammad Riaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
White Women ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Theoretical Frame

Image of white women occur frequently in postcolonial writings. This paper attempts to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the white womens portrayals in the selected Pakistani postcolonial fiction to determine the comparative discrepancy between the assumptions and reality about the role of white women in the colonies. The white women being the part of civilizing mission of the white man, are seen with a particular light by the indigenous people because in comparison to the white man, white womes role has been that of a benevolent mother. This problematizes the situation and hence calls for the investigation into the portrayals and the roles of the white women as projected by the indigenous writers. The study delimits to Forster, Sidhwa, and Hamid and analyses the selected chunks of the text under the lens of theoretical frame work proposed by Jayawardena within the postcolonial context.

Who Rules China?

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel Rothenberg
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Capitalist Class ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Chinese Communist Party

A new and powerful capitalist class has arisen in China since 1976. Has this capitalist class achieved sufficient domination of Chinese social, economic and political life to qualify as a ruling class? We attempt to clarify this question within the context of current Chinese reality that has resulted from the turbulent historical events and processes shaking China over the last 28 years. The question is difficult to settle definitively because of the atypical, even peculiar, basis of the emergence of capitalism in China, and in particular the crucial, guiding role of the Chinese Communist Party. Given the control of political life in China by the Party, it appears that command of the Party by the new capitalist class would be a pre-requisite for capitalist class rule. A brief examination of the composition, leadership, and politics of the Chinese Communist Party suggests that while a line promoting capitalism has great influence within the Party, such command has not yet been fully achieved.

The role of Constitutional Courts in Transitional Justice: Colombia and South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiehezka Paola Palencia Tejedor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Peace And Reconciliation

This work focuses on a compared analysis of the South Afri- can decision related to the “peace and reconciliation act” of this country’s Parliament, and the Colombian decision regarding the amendment of the constitution called “The juridical framework for the peace.” Turning to the structure, it is developed in three major topics: 1. It provides a brief of the historical context, political background and an overview of the two decisions.2. It gives a structural analysis of the powers that each Court has and the nature of the constitutional mechanism through which both Courts decided the constitutionality of the said norms 3. It presents a critical analysis on the similarities and differences between the two systems and judgments. It presents some con- clusions. 

Tax evasion in the medical profession An Empirical Study in the General Tax Authority in Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Ramyar Rzgar Ahmed ◽  
Hawkar Qasim Birdawod ◽  
S. Rabiyathul Basariya
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Medical Professions ◽  
Shed Light

The study dealt with tax evasion in the medical profession, where the problem was the existence of many cases of tax evasion, especially tax evasion in the income tax of medical professions. The aim of the study is to try to shed light on the phenomenon of tax evasion and the role of the tax authority in the development of controls and means that reduce the phenomenon of tax evasion. The most important results of the low level of tax awareness and lack of knowledge of the tax law and the unwillingness to read it and the sense of taxpayers unfairness of the tax all lead to an increase in cases of tax evasion and in suggested tightening control and follow-up on the offices of auditors, through the investigation and auditing The reports of certified accountants and the use of computers for this purpose in order to raise the degree of confidence in these reports and bring them closer to the required truth and coordination and cooperation with the Union of Accountants and Auditors and inform them about each case of violations of the auditors and accountants N because of its great influence in the rejection of the organization of the accounts and not to ratify fake accounts lead to show taxpayers accounts on a non-truth in order to tax evasion.

Role of Brand experience in Fashion brands

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
G. Aiswarya ◽  
Dr. Jayasree Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Selling Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Traditionally the products were pushed into the hands of customers by production and selling strategies; then the marketing strategy evolved which gained momentum by understanding the customer needs and developing products satisfying those needs. This strategy is most prevalent and what should be done to stand up in this most competitive scenario? The answer to this key question is to create an experience. The customers now also seek good experiences than other benefits. Brand experience has gained more attention, especially fashion brands. Previous studies demonstrate the role of the brand experience in brand equity and other consumer behavior constructs. But very little is known about the impact of brand experiences on fashion brands. The aim of this study is to develop a model which makes our understanding better about the role of Brand preference and Brand experience and its influence on purchase intention of the brand. An initial exploratory study is conducted using a focus group to generate items for the study. The items, thus generated are prepared in the form of a questionnaire and samples were collected.  Exploratory factor analysis is conducted and the reliability of the constructs is determined. These constructs are loaded onto AMOS to perform Confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirmed the scales used. We also noticed that Brand preference has a great influence on the Brand experience. Thereby the finding supports the role of the brand experience which tends to have a mediating role in influencing the purchase intention.

The role and relationship of mindreading and social attunement in HRI – position statements of interdisciplinary researchers. Workshop HRI'20

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wykowska ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Stefan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This booklet is a collection of the position statements accepted for the HRI’20 conference workshop “Social Cognition for HRI: Exploring the relationship between mindreading and social attunement in human-robot interaction” (Wykowska, Perez-Osorio & Kopp, 2020). Unfortunately, due to the rapid unfolding of the novel coronavirus at the beginning of the present year, the conference and consequently our workshop, were canceled. On the light of these events, we decided to put together the positions statements accepted for the workshop. The contributions collected in these pages highlight the role of attribution of mental states to artificial agents in human-robot interaction, and precisely the quality and presence of social attunement mechanisms that are known to make human interaction smooth, efficient, and robust. These papers also accentuate the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to advance the understanding of the factors and the consequences of social interactions with artificial agents.

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