scholarly journals Direito e identidade das comunidade tradicionais - do direito do autor ao direito à cultura | Law and the identity of traditional communities - from copyright to the right to culture

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Luzia Colaço ◽  
Raquel Fabiana Lopes Sparemberger
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
The Past ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Traditional Communities

Resumo Este artigo trata da necessidade de reconhecimento da identidade de grupos culturalmente diferenciados, as chamadas comunidades tradicionais ou locais no Brasil. Define comunidades tradicionais-locais, a sua relação com o ambiente e a necessidade da proteção do seu conhecimento, para compreensão do passado e garantia de futuro. Enfatiza também a questão da emancipação e da necessidade de se garantir a igualdade (na diferença) para se alcançar a cidadania em tempos de mudanças e de incertezas no que concerne a proteção do seu patrimônio cultural e ambiental. Procura, nesse sentido, demonstrar o paradoxo entre o direito do autor ou direito autoral e a realidade das comunidades locais e seus sítios simbólicos em busca da defesa de seu universo local, de sua cultura frente ao processo de globalização. Palavras-chave direito; comunidades; tradicional; igualdade. Abstract This article deals with the need for recognition of the identity of culturally diverse groups, the so-called traditional or local communities in Brazil. It defines traditional-local communities, their relation with the environment and the need for protecting their knowledge, to obtain understanding of the past and guarantee of the future. It also emphasizes the matter of emancipation and the imperative of guaranteeing equality (in difference) to achieve citizenship in times of change and uncertainty with respect to protection of their cultural and ecologica patrimony. It thus seeks to demonstrate the paradox between the right of the author or copyright and the reality of local communities and their sites in search of symbolic defense of the local universe of their culture in face of the globalization processKeywords law; communities; traditional; equality.

The Roman Imperial Cult in Smyrna

Belleten ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (276) ◽  
pp. 385-402
Author(s):  
Murat Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rising Power ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The origins of the imperial cult in Smyrna date back to the Hellenistic period. It is a fact that political concerns were effective in the generation of such cults. Predicting the super power of the future and proving to be a loyal ally whilst acting in satisfactory behaviors were essential factors. The right preference made between two fighting or contending powers ensured that a city would benefit from various privileges in the future. For example, Symrna, which had established a cult in the city previously on behalf of Stratonice, the mother of Antiochus II of Seleucid dynasty, would do the same by building a temple in the name of the dty of Rome for the first time in Asia in 195 BC, after recognizing the rising power. Later on, while giving permission to the provinces that wanted to establish an imperial cult, the Roman emperors and the Senate would consider first, their relationships with Rome in the past and second, their origins. Smyrna, building its relationships with the Roman state on a solid basis, was granted the title of neokoros three times by the Roman Emperors Tiberius, Hadrianus and Caracalla, respectively. In this essay, the development of the Roman imperial cult in Smyrna is discussed within the historical process outlined above. An attempt has been made to put forth new opinions about the issue by discussing the academicians' evaluations on the imperial cult, which apparently was effectively executed in Smyrna between the first and third centuries AD, with the support of epigraphic and numismatic evidences.

scholarly journals The great Chinese transformation: cynicism and the future of the world (article two)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Grzegorz W. Kolodko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Supranational Level

The huge leap made by the Chinese economy over the past four decades as a result of market reforms and openness to the world is causing fear in some and anxiety in others. Questions arise as to whether China’s economic success is solid and whether economic growth will be followed by political expansion. China makes extensive use of globalization and is therefore interested in continuing it. At the same time, China wants to give it new features and specific Chinese characteristics. This is met with reluctance by the current global hegemon, the United States, all the more so as there are fears that China may promote its original political and economic system, "cynicism", abroad. However, the world is still big enough to accommodate us all. Potentially, not necessarily. For this to happen, we need the right policies, which in the future must also include better coordination at the supranational level.

Monetary policy dilemmas in a transition economy: The case of Hungary

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tarafás
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Price Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Foreign Capital Inflows ◽  
The Right

This paper addresses the experiences and challenges of Hungary’s monetary policy during the period 1995–2000 and in view of the progress toward EU and EMU membership. The structure of relative prices changed markedly in the past and is expected to continue to change in the future. The reason, in addition to a possible Balassa–Samuelson effect, was the elimination of subsidies and introduction of turnover taxes in the past, and a future convergence toward a price structure prevalent in the EU. In the 1995–2000 period, the resulting gap between CPI and PPI led to massive foreign capital inflows. While the policy of sterilised interventions by the National Bank of Hungary was probably the right answer, it was inevitably costly, and was made costlier than necessary by the way it was carried out. Continued adjustments in the price structure in the future will confront monetary policy with the same dilemmas and, resulting in an inflation floor, will complicate the country’s conditions of joining EMU within a reasonable time frame after EU accession.

Social Policy in the Czech “Republic”: The Past and the Future of Reforms

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Večerník
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Scene

The article describes the development of Czech policy after 1989 and the controversies it caused. It first looks at the ambiguous nature of the communist welfare state and then proceeds to outline the theoretical alternatives. After early and energetic changes in the system, stagnation set in around the mid-1990s. Despite some problems, the current performance of the system is satisfactory, but its outlook in terms of long-term efficiency is unsatisfactory, as it will generate a rising debt into the future. In particular, the disadvantaged situation for families, the insufficient work motivation, and the frozen pension system are all causes for concern. The political shift to the right after 2006 ushered in reform measures and new reform plans. While reforms are necessary, their feasibility is uncertain owing to the fragility of the Czech political scene.

scholarly journals Shared technology making in neoliberal ruins

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Yueh Perng
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Future Possibility ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
The Right

Shared technology making refers to the practices, spaces and events that bear the hope and belief that collaborative and open ways of designing, making and modifying technology can improve our ways of living. Shared technology making in the context of the smart city reinvigorates explorations of the possibility of free, open and collaborative ways of engineering urban spaces, infrastructures and public life. Open innovation events and civic hacking initiatives often encourage members of local communities, residents, or city administrations to participate so that the problems they face and the knowledge they possess can be leveraged to develop innovations from the working (and failure) of urban everyday life and (non-)expert knowledges. However, the incorporation of shared technology making into urban contexts engender concerns around the right to participate in shared technology- and city-making. This paper addresses this issue by suggesting ways to consider both the neoliberal patterning of shared technology making and the patches and gaps that show the future possibility of shared city making. It explores the ways in which shared technology making are organised using hackathons and other hacking initiatives as an example. By providing a hackathon typology and detailed accounts of the experiences of organisers and participants of related events, the paper reconsiders the neoliberalisation of shared technology making. It attends to the multiple, entangled and conflictual relationships that do not follow corporate logic for considering the possibilities of more open and collaborative ways of technology- and city-making.

scholarly journals Understanding culture as a project

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata M. Leitão ◽  
Solen Roth
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Action Project ◽  
Research Action

This article argues that, in collaboration with Indigenous [and non-Western local] communities, social designers should approach “culture” not only as a form of heritage that should be preserved and transmitted, but also as a project that weaves together heritage, current material circumstances, and desirable ideas for the future. We therefore examine the notion that every culture is intrinsically oriented towards the future, representing a trajectory that links the past to a projected ideal of well-being. Thus, cultural diversity leads to numerous trajectories and distinct futures, contrary to the colonial ideology according to which only one trajectory is possible: that which adheres to the project of eurocentric modernity. Based on a participatory research action project called Tapiskwan, which focused on the aspirations of the Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok, we propose that the ultimate goal of social designers should be to nurture local communities’ capacity to (re)create their own autonomous trajectories, in pursuit of the good life as their culture defines it. 

scholarly journals The Value of Work and the Future of the Left

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Campbell Jones
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Left ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

This paper arises from a request to report to the Future of Work Commission on the question of the value of work in the past, present, and future politics of the Left. This task is complicated, however, by the complexity of the meaning of the terms Left and Right. It is only when we are clear about the meanings of Left and Right that we can be clear about the very different kinds of politics that will result from taking a Left position on work. This paper seeks to clarify what a Left politics of work might look like today. This requires in the first place an analysis of the respective value of work to the political Left and Right, to which end I argue that what distinguishes the Left and the Right regarding the value of work is not simply the quantity of value or dignity that is attributed to work. Rather, Left and Right depart in a fundamental ontological confrontation regarding the nature of what work is and the existence of the bodies from which work issues. This analysis therefore raises deeper questions regarding the very distinction between the Left and the Right.  

scholarly journals Thinking the future of work through the history of right to work claims

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 942-960
Author(s):  
Pablo Scotto
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

The wide presence of the right to work in national and international legal texts contrasts with a lack of agreement about the concrete content of this right. According to the hegemonic interpretation, it consists of two elements: (a) extension of wage labour and (b) significant improvement of working conditions. However, if we study the history of right to work claims, especially from the French Revolution to 1848, we can notice that the meaning of this right was rather wider in the past. Rescuing the historical significance of the right to work may help to face the problem of the future of work. In particular, and unlike what might seem at first sight, the claim that everyone should have his or her right to work guaranteed can be a way of articulating and concretizing issues such as workplace democracy, the organization of domestic work or the transition to a sustainable society.

scholarly journals The Future of Analytical and Interpretative Toxicology: Where are We Going and How Do We Get There?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M R Wille ◽  
Simon Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Analytical Toxicology ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right

Abstract (Forensic) toxicology has faced many challenges, both analytically and interpretatively, especially in relation to an increase in potential drugs of interest. Analytical toxicology and its application to medicine and forensic science have progressed rapidly within the past centuries. Technological innovations have enabled detection of more substances with increasing sensitivity in a variety of matrices. Our understanding of the effects (both intended and unintended) have also increased along with determination and degree of toxicity. However, it is clear there is even more to understand and consider. The analytical focus has been on typical matrices such as blood and urine but other matrices could further increase our understanding, especially in postmortem (PM) situations. Within this context, the role of PM changes and potential redistribution of drugs requires further research and identification of markers of its occurrence and extent. Whilst instrumentation has improved, in the future, nanotechnology may play a role in selective and sensitive analysis as well as bioassays. Toxicologists often only have an advisory impact on pre-analytical and pre-interpretative considerations. The collection of appropriate samples at the right time in an appropriate way as well as obtaining sufficient circumstance background is paramount in ensuring an effective analytical strategy to provide useful results that can be interpreted within context. Nevertheless, key interpretative considerations such as pharmacogenomics and drug–drug interactions as well as determination of tolerance remain and in the future, analytical confirmation of an individual’s metabolic profile may support a personalized medicine and judicial approach. This should be supported by the compilation and appropriate application of drug data pursuant to the situation. Specifically, in PM circumstances, data pertaining to where a drug was not/may have been/was contributory will be beneficial with associated pathological considerations. This article describes the challenges faced within toxicology and discusses progress to a future where they are being addressed.

scholarly journals Summary and Conclusions

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 325-333
Author(s):  
Bart J. Bok
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental System ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fundamental Reference

This has been a good Symposium. There obviously is a need to review now the problems of the accepted fundamental reference system of star positions and proper motions. The basic Fourth Fundamental Catalog (FK4) has been the reference catalog for the past 10 years. It needs updating and especially it should be made more directly usable for discussions of positions and motions referred to faint galaxies. In the preparation of the next catalog we should make use of radio galaxies as basic reference points for fixing precision stellar positions. The Symposium came at the right time! Radio Astrometry has burst upon the scene and it is essential that the optical and radio astrometrists should get to know each other and exchange views about the manner in which together we may work towards the establishment of a fundamental system of positions and proper motions more reliable than we have had in the past. There has also been much activity in the area of measuring proper motions of faint stars relative to galaxies and we obviously have to consider the best manner in which these valuable new contributions can be applied most usefully to basic astrometry. Our Symposium was held in the right place! It is high time that we should draw attention to the accomplishments and the future needs of basic southern hemisphere astrometry; Perth, Western Australia, is obviously a good place to discuss such matters. Finally we should discuss questions relating to instrumentation. Over the past decade there has been what could be called a ‘breakthrough’ in instrumentation, not only in the radio area, but also in the more traditional optical area of measurement by transit circles. There have been many new developments in the field of automatic measurement of photographic plates. This was clearly the time to take stock and plan for the future.

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