scholarly journals New varieties of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.) and prospects of their cultivation in southern Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Marina O. Burlyaeva ◽  
Mariya V. Gurkina ◽  
Pavel A. Chebukin ◽  
Irina N. Perchuk ◽  
Elena V. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Far East ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
State Register

Relevance. Currently, there is an interest in this country in vegetable varieties of Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. However, a small number of varieties adapted to different cultivation conditions prevents a wider distribution of this crop. The present work was aimed at creating new vegetable cowpea varieties adapted to the climatic conditions of southern regions of Russia.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in 1998-2018 in the Astrakhan Province (Astrakhan Experiment Station) and in 2012-2018 in Primorsky Territory (Far East Experiment Station). Vegetable cowpea accessions from the global VIR collection were studied.Results. Many years of breeding have resulted in creation of such varieties as ‘Astrakhanskaya krasavitsa’, ‘Kaspiyskaya zarya’, ‘Zhemchyuzhina Kaspiya’ and ‘Lyanchihe’, which were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2019. All varieties are characterized by earliness, high productivity, excellent quality of vegetable pods, high protein content in pods in the technical ripeness phase (29.5-33.5%), and by low demand to the soil fertility. ‘Zhemchyuzhina Kaspiya’, ‘Astrakhanskaya krasavitsa’ and ‘Kaspiyskaya zarya’ are tolerant to high temperatures, air drought and soil salinity. The growing season for these varieties lasts 62-68 days in the Astrakhan Province under irrigation, while technical ripeness of pods occurs in 46-50 days. The green pod yield is 16.1–28.2 t/ha and the seed yield is 1.91-2.71 t/ha. The ‘Lyanchihe’ variety tolerates humidity well; its growing season in southern Primorsky Territory is 97-110 days, and pods reach technical ripeness in 61-70 days. The green pod yield is 21.0-24.0 t/ha, and that of seeds is 2.38-2.64 t/ha. The released varieties will broaden the range of vegetable crops cultivated in this country and improve the quality of nutrition of the population.

Итоги селекционно-семеноводческой работы с редечными культурами на Дальнем Востоке

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V  Leunov ◽  
Y  Mikheev
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
State Register ◽  
Golden Horn ◽  
The Far East ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Technological Methods

Расширение ассортимента потребляемых овощных культур – одна из основных задач в селекционно-семеноводческой работе с редечными культурами на Дальнем Востоке. В статье приводятся данные о селекции редечных культур (лобы, дайкона, редьки и др.) на Приморской овощной опытной станции. В результате проведения многолетних исследований и реализации ряда научных программ был создан новый исходный материал для селекции. В настоящем материале также подведены итоги актуальных направлений в селекции редечных культур в условиях муссонного климата. Селекционно-семеноводческие исследования в условиях климата Дальнего Востока с использованием индивидуального, а также индивидуально-семейственного методов отбора, разработка и внедрение технологических приемов первичного и сортового семеноводства обеспечили создание перспективного селекционного материала. Выделены ценные генисточники для создания новых сортообразцов китайского, японского и европейского подвидов редьки с высокими иммунологическими, продуктивными и товарными качествами, повышенными биохимическими показателями, высокой устойчивостью к переувлажнению почвы и возбудителями болезней. Созданы и включены в Госреестр РФ высокопродуктивные сорта китайского подвида редьки (лоба) Малиновый шар и Золотой рог, европейского подвида зимней редьки Ночная красавица, устойчивые к переувлажнению почвы и цветушности, бактериальным заболеваниям. В результате более чем двадцатилетних исследований изучены морфологические и биологические особенности формирования семенных растений редьки, использование эффективных элементов отбора в сочетании с агротехническими приемами возделывания. Усовершенствованы технологические методы первичного и товарного семеноводства редьки, выделены благоприятные агроклиматические зоны выращивания семенных растений, способствующие получению высококачественных семян при сохранении ими высоких биологических и хозяйственных признаков. Для условий муссонного климата Дальнего Востока внедрена в производство система первичного и сортового семеноводства редьки с использованием пересадочной и беспересадочной технологии выращивания. Результаты работы открывают дорогу к созданию новых высокоурожайных российских сортов и гибридов редечных культур.Expansion of the range of consumption of vegetable crops is one of the main tasks in the breeding and seed work with regions cultures in the Far East. The article presents data on the breeding radishes cultures (loba, daikon, radish, etc.) on the Maritime vegetable experiment station. As a result of years of research and implementation of a number of research programs has created a new source material for breeding. In this paper also summarize the current trends in the selection of radishes cultures in conditions of monsoonal climate. Breeding and seed research in the climate conditions of the Far East with the use of individual and individual and family methods of selection, development and implementation of technological methods of primary and varietal seed production ensured the development of advanced breeding material. Allocated valuable genitocracy to create new varieties of Chinese, Japanese and European subspecies of radishes cultures with high immunological, productive and commercial qualities, elevated biochemical parameters, high resistance to waterlogging and soil pathogens. Created and included in the state register of the Russian Federation high-yielding varieties of Chinese subspecies of radish (loba) a Crimson ball and the Golden horn, the European subspecies winter radish Night beauty, resistant to waterlogging of the soil and bolting and bacterial diseases. As a result of more than twenty years studied the morphological and biological peculiarities of formation of seed plants of radishes, the use of effective elements of selection in combination with agrotechnical methods of cultivation. Improved technological methods of primary and commercial seed radishes allocated to favorable agro-climatic zones of cultivation of seed plants, which would produce high-quality seeds while preserving their high biological and economic characteristics. For the conditions of monsoon climate of the Far East implemented in the production system of primary and varietal seed radishes using transit and non-stop growing technologies. The results of this work open the way to the creation of new high-yielding Russian varieties and hybrids of radishes cultures.

scholarly journals The Quality of Carrot after Field Biostimulant Application and after Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Pobereżny ◽  
Małgorzata Szczepanek ◽  
Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska ◽  
Piotr Prus
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Nitrite Content

The carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a staple vegetable in human nutrition in Europe. In recent years, the use of biostimulants in vegetable crops has become a way to affect the quantity and quality of yields. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the type and methods of biostimulant (natural seaweed extract Kelpak and synthetic Asahi) application on the nitrates and nitrites content in carrot roots after harvest and storage. The study was based on a strict field experiment with carrot cv. ′Karotan′, conducted in Poland (53°13′N; 17°51′E) in three successive growing seasons and after six months of storage (RH 95%, and air temperature +1 °C). The biostimulants were applied during the growing season in a foliar form. The content of NO3ˉ and NO2ˉ in carrot after harvest depended on the dose and the date of biostimulant application. The single application of biostimulant Kelpak as well as two times of Asahi had no effect on the nitrate and nitrite content, while the application of Kelpak in a total dose of 6 or 7 dm3 ha−1 increased them. The maximum intake of nitrates and nitrites following the harvest and storage was, respectively, 7.1, 2.3% and 6.7, 2.1% of the ADI.

scholarly journals New early maturing soybean cultivar Zaryanitsa for conditions of Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (183) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
L.V. Omelyanyuk ◽  
◽  
A.M. Asanov ◽  
O.A. Yusova ◽  
A.A. Churakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Russian Federation Patent ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
State Register ◽  
Early Maturing

The use of new, early maturing cultivars with high productivity potential, and availability of effective herbicides have created real preconditions for the widespread introduction of soybean in the Western and Eastern Siberia. Modern cultivars should be characterized by: high and stable yields over the years in certain soil and climatic conditions of cultivation; suitability for complex mechanization of cultivation and high quality of products. Objective of the research was to evaluate a new soybean cultivar Zaryanitsa by yield and quality potential. The cultivar is included into the State Register of the Russian Federation (Patent No 9532) in 2018 in the Eastern Siberian region (11), is recommended for production in the Krasnoyarsk region. The studies we carried out in a nursery of competitive trial of the laboratory of leguminous crops breeding of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center from 2011 to 2019. The cultivar Zaryanitsa is early maturing (duration of the vegetative period is about 102 days), is characterized with slow growth at initial phases of development and simultaneous maturing, does not lodge and shatter, the location of the lower pods is high. These qualities make it possible to cultivate it in the harsh climatic conditions of Siberia and annually receive conditioned seeds with minimal losses during harvesting. The yield of the cultivar Zaryanitsa was noted at the standard level of the cultivar Sibirhachka (2.38 t per ha), the oil content in seeds was increased (+1.93% to st.) in average over the research period (nine years). The cultivar is characterized as stable ( < 1) of intensive type (bi > 1). In the Omsk Agrarian Research Center the cultivar Zaryanitsa is included into a scheme of crosses as a source of early maturity, stable yield, increased oil content in seeds.

scholarly journals Research Results for a New Onion Seed Drill

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
A. A. Ibragimov ◽  
A. К. Karakhanov ◽  
A. A. Abdurakhmanov ◽  
A. Е. Eshdavlatov ◽  
P. A. Uteniyazov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Simultaneous Formation ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic

. For sowing small seeds of vegetables, in particular onions, special seeders are used. They are not produced in the Republic of Uzbekistan, while many diff erent pneumatic seeders are produced abroad. The authors note that foreign samples are complex in design, not adapted to local soil and climatic conditions, cannot provide even seed placement on ridges, and the cost of the seeders themselves and service are very high.(Research purpose) To develop a vegetable seeder in relation to the soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, to determine the seeding rate of onion seeds depending on the length of the active part of the seed reel, to evaluate the formation quality of sowing ridges and irrigation furrows.(Materials and methods) The authors determined the sowing rate by turning the seeder drive wheel at a given length of the active part of the sowing reel and collecting the sown seeds in cups with further weighing. The quality of sowing ridges and irrigation furrows formation was evaluated by the method of profi ling the fi eld before and after the seeder’s pass.(Results and discussion) The authors developed a vegetable seeder that performed three operations in one pass: cutting irrigation furrows, forming sowing ridges of a trapezoidal shape and sowing onion seeds and other small-seeded vegetable crops in a three-row tape method in each tape. They found that the dependence of the seeding rate on the length of the active part of the reel had a slightly fragile parabolic shape, and the required seeding rates – 24-48 pieces per linear meter (3.9-7.8 kilograms per hectare) – were provided with the length of the sowing reel 3.3- 6.2 millimeters. It was proved that the seeder provided a high-quality formation of sowing ridges and irrigation furrows: the row spacing was 68.8 centimeters (installation spacing – 70 centimeters), the top ridge width was 42.5 centimeters (the predetermined one was 40 centimeters), the depth of irrigation furrows was on average 9.6 centimeters.(Conclusions) A vegetable seeder was developed for sowing small-seeded vegetable crops with the simultaneous formation of sowing ridges and cutting irrigation furrows, which ensured high-quality performance of all operations and observance of onion seeds.

scholarly journals Calculation of maize evapotranspiration using evaporation and reference evapotranspiration methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Borivoj Pejić ◽  
Ksenija Mačkić ◽  
Ivana Bajić ◽  
Vladimir Sikora ◽  
Dejan Simić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Method Of Calculation

Analysis of irrigation scheduling of maize was done by using evaporation from the free water surface (Eo) and correction coefficients (k) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients (kc). The field experiment was carried out in 2018 on the Experimental field of the Institute of field and vegetable crops in the Department of alternative crops in Bački Petrovac. Maize hybrid NS 6030 was used for the trials. The plants were irrigated by a drip system with a lateral in each row with drippers spaced every 0.33 m. The drippers had an average flow rate of 2.0 l h-1 under the pressure of 70 kPa. The differences in yield of maize in the irrigation conditions were not statistically significant compared to the variant without irrigation because the year was favorable for maize production. As well there was no difference among variants used for the calculation of maize evapotranspiration. Maize evapotranspiration in the growing season (ETm) were 502 mm and 429 mm by using ETo and kc and Eo and k. Monthly values of ETm during the growing season were consistent regardless of the calculation methods, except in July. Values of ETm in July of 151 mm and 107 mm calculated by using ETo and kc and Eo and k methods as well the daily values which are correlated with the monthly have to be checked in irrigation scheduling of maize in the following investigation period. If statistical significance in maize yield between different methods of calculation is determined, the procedure with a higher yield has to be accepted in the calculation of ETm in the climatic conditions of the Vojvodina region. Otherwise, if the differences in maize yield are not statistical significance a method of calculation by using Eo and k will be recommended, because the value of the lower daily water used on maize evapotranspiration may be considered more realistic.

scholarly journals Selection estimation of red currant hybrid family ‘Belaya Potapenko’ x SS 1426-21-80

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Kalinina ◽  
Olga D. Golyaeva ◽  
Olga V. Panfilova
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Sour Taste ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Medium Weight ◽  
Red Currant

Relevance.One of the priority trends in berry crop breeding is to create highly adaptive and resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors varieties with high commodity and consumer quality of berries, not inferior to the best Western European varieties.Material and methods.The research was conducted in 2017-2018 at VNIISPK (Orel) on the selection plot of red currants, planted in 2012, with a planting scheme 2.8 x 0.8 m. The research object was the selection red currant family 2466 (♀Belaya Potapenko x ♂SS 1426-21-80) of VNIISPK breeding in the amount of 66 hybrid seedlings. The parent forms of this family were selected as sources of valuable economical and breeding characters. The variety Belaya Potapenko has a dessert taste of berries, and the selected seedling 1426-21-80 was taken due to its productivity and long racemes. The economical and biological characters of the hybrid seedlings were studied according to the “Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crops variety investigation”, section “Currants, gooseberry and their hybrids” (1999).Results.The progeny of the crossing combination Belaya Potapenko x SS 1426-21-80 is characterized by high adaptability to soil and climatic conditions of cultivation that provides good development of the seedlings and their high productivity. When crossing white-fruit Belaya Potapenko with redfruit SS 1426-21-80, seedlings with white berries are absent in the offspring, which indicates that the paternal original form is homozygous for the dominant gene that controls the red color of the berries. Hybridological analysis showed that with medium weight of berries of parental forms, the manifestation of this trait in the offspring increased, the share of large-fruited seedlings was 18-37%, depending on the year of the study. The taste estimation of the off-spring of this family showed that a great amount of the seedlings had an intermediate sweet and sour taste, part of hybrids inherited sour taste from the paternal original parent. The hybrid family is valuable for the output of highly productive large-fruited seedlings with long racemes. Re-hybridization of the best seedlings with sources of high taste of berries is necessary to improve the taste.

scholarly journals Priority trends and prospects of blackberry breeding in conditions of Central Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-500
Author(s):  
L. A. Gruner ◽  
B. B. Kornilov
Keyword(s):  
Central Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Cultivars

This overview substantiates the possibility and expediency of blackberry breeding in Central Russia, where it is in demand, but not widespread in horticulture. Significant achievements of world breeding, which gave modern cultivars a large set of economically important qualities and growing interest in it all over the world, including Russian gardeners, make it relevant to work with blackberries as an object of selection, and as a promising garden plant. However, insufficient frost and winter hardiness of the bulk of the cultivars of this culture cause certain difficulties when growing it in the areas with cold winters to which the Central zone of Russia belongs. The expansion of the market of berry products also imposes increasingly high requirements on the complex of economic indicators of new cultivars, primarily the quality of blackberry fruit. In this regard, improving the existing range of varieties of the culture, increasing its adaptive properties and commodity qualities of berries are urgent tasks for breeders when creating new cultivars. The relevance of blackberry breeding is also dictated by the fact that in Russia its domestic range of varieties is represented by only one modern cultivar obtained in the southern region and adapted, first of all, to it. For the Central zone of the country, the cultivars of this plant have not been developed (except for the limited experiments of I.V. Michurin conducted almost 100 years ago). Therefore, the breeding of adapted cultivars of the culture in the climatic conditions of this region may be promising. It is also possible to grow here (with shelter for the winter) the cultivars already created abroad that can give with the right agricultural technology a good industrial harvest, which is confirmed by the practice of amateur and farm gardening, as well as scientific research. The purpose of this work is to designate the leading directions of blackberry breeding, the most important in the conditions of Central Russia and to show prospects of the development of new cultivars of this valuable culture in the specified climatic zone. The analysis of world trends and experience in the blackberry breeding and variety study, as well as the results of our own research of the culture conducted in the Orel region, allow us to consider it promising and relevant to work on improving the range of varieties of this plant in Central Russia. All priority areas of blackberry breeding, indicated in foreign and domestic breeding programs (winter hardiness, high quality of fresh and processed fruit, the correct shape of berries, their large size, the necessary values of biochemical composition, high productivity of plants, thornless shoots and high resistance to diseases and pests), are relevant for this region of our country, while high winter hardiness is currently the most important of them.

scholarly journals Soil Water Tension, a Powerful Measurement for Productivity and Stewardship

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Feng-Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Water Tension

A fundamental way to schedule irrigation is through the monitoring and management of soil water tension (SWT). Soil water tension is the force necessary for plant roots to extract water from the soil. With the invention of tensiometers, SWT measurements have been used to schedule irrigation. There are different types of field instruments used to measure SWT, either directly or indirectly. Precise irrigation scheduling by SWT criteria is a powerful method to optimize plant performance. Specific SWT criteria for irrigation scheduling have been developed to optimize the production and quality of vegetable crops, field crops, trees, shrubs, and nursery crops. This review discusses known SWT criteria for irrigation scheduling that vary from 2 to 800 kPa depending on the crop species, plant product to be optimized, environmental conditions, and irrigation system. By using the ideal SWT and adjusting irrigation duration and amount, it is possible to simultaneously achieve high productivity and meet environmental stewardship goals for water use and reduced leaching.

scholarly journals Характеристика продуктивности и качества урожая столовых сортов Negr

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Alla Polulyakh ◽  
Vladimir Volynkin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
State Register ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Traits For Breeding

Успехи в создании новых перспективных высококачественных сортов винограда в значительной мере зависят от разнообразия исходного генетического материала, знания его ценных хозяйственных характеристик. В результате анализа показателей продуктивности и качества урожая 47 местных столовых сортов V. v. orientalis Negr. выявлены источники ценных хозяйственных признаков для селекции: Сатени черный, Хусайне люнда, Зени амар, Шами абиад и Риш баба, которые являются источниками раннеспелости, крупноягодности, крупноплодности, высокой продуктивности и качества винограда. Сорта Сатени черный, Кировобадский столовый клон 216, Шами абиад выделены для совершенствования конвейера столовых сортов и рекомендации для включения в Госреестр сортов, допущенных для промышленного возделывания в РФ.Success in creating new promising high-quality grapevine cultivars largely depends on diversity of the original genetic material, and knowledge of its valuable economic characteristics. Analysis of productivity and harvest quality indicators of 47 local V. v. orientalis Negr. table cultivars revealed sources of valuable economic traits for breeding: ‘Sateni chernyi’, ‘Husayne Lunda’, ‘Zeni Ama’, ‘Shami Abiad’ and ‘Rish Baba’, which are the sources of early ripeness, large yield, large fruit, high productivity and quality of grapes. The cultivars ‘Sateni chernyi’, Kirovobad table clone 216, ‘Shami Abiad’ were selected to improve the conveyor of table grapes, and will be recommended for inclusion into the State Register of varieties approved for industrial cultivation in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of productivity and quality of rice varieties included into State register of breeding achievements approved for use, in production tests in Krasnodar region

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02049
Author(s):  
Sergey Garkusha ◽  
Susanna Tesheva ◽  
Dmitry Pischenko
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
State Register ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Milling Yield

In modern economic conditions, commodity producers need rice varieties that meet specific production requirements. The highest yields are provided by rice varieties that are most fully adapted to cultivation conditions, primarily to soil and climatic conditions, as well as to the material and technical level of production, the state of the rice irrigation system, and the requirements for environmental protection. The article presents the results of an industrial assessment in the transitional delta agrolandscape area of the rice cultivation zone of Krasnodar region. Analysis of the yield and technological indicators of the rice grain quality made it possible to identify varieties adapted to the conditions of “Kubris” LLC, Krasnoarmeyskiy district: Alliance, Veles, Favorit, Yubileiny 85. The average yield for three years was 84.1 c/ha, 82.7 c / ha, 73.6 c/ a, 85.9 c/ha, respectively. Compliance with the technology of growing, harvesting and post-harvest processing on the farm allows ensuring a high milling yield within the range of 65-69 % with a head rice content of 48-59 %. Growing these rice varieties on the farm will effectively develop production by realizing the potential of the variety and obtain high-quality rice grits.

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