scholarly journals Priority trends and prospects of blackberry breeding in conditions of Central Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-500
Author(s):  
L. A. Gruner ◽  
B. B. Kornilov
Keyword(s):  
Central Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Cultivars

This overview substantiates the possibility and expediency of blackberry breeding in Central Russia, where it is in demand, but not widespread in horticulture. Significant achievements of world breeding, which gave modern cultivars a large set of economically important qualities and growing interest in it all over the world, including Russian gardeners, make it relevant to work with blackberries as an object of selection, and as a promising garden plant. However, insufficient frost and winter hardiness of the bulk of the cultivars of this culture cause certain difficulties when growing it in the areas with cold winters to which the Central zone of Russia belongs. The expansion of the market of berry products also imposes increasingly high requirements on the complex of economic indicators of new cultivars, primarily the quality of blackberry fruit. In this regard, improving the existing range of varieties of the culture, increasing its adaptive properties and commodity qualities of berries are urgent tasks for breeders when creating new cultivars. The relevance of blackberry breeding is also dictated by the fact that in Russia its domestic range of varieties is represented by only one modern cultivar obtained in the southern region and adapted, first of all, to it. For the Central zone of the country, the cultivars of this plant have not been developed (except for the limited experiments of I.V. Michurin conducted almost 100 years ago). Therefore, the breeding of adapted cultivars of the culture in the climatic conditions of this region may be promising. It is also possible to grow here (with shelter for the winter) the cultivars already created abroad that can give with the right agricultural technology a good industrial harvest, which is confirmed by the practice of amateur and farm gardening, as well as scientific research. The purpose of this work is to designate the leading directions of blackberry breeding, the most important in the conditions of Central Russia and to show prospects of the development of new cultivars of this valuable culture in the specified climatic zone. The analysis of world trends and experience in the blackberry breeding and variety study, as well as the results of our own research of the culture conducted in the Orel region, allow us to consider it promising and relevant to work on improving the range of varieties of this plant in Central Russia. All priority areas of blackberry breeding, indicated in foreign and domestic breeding programs (winter hardiness, high quality of fresh and processed fruit, the correct shape of berries, their large size, the necessary values of biochemical composition, high productivity of plants, thornless shoots and high resistance to diseases and pests), are relevant for this region of our country, while high winter hardiness is currently the most important of them.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic activity of parsnip varieties in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
O. O. Komar ◽  
◽  
O. V. Shemetun ◽  
V. O. Komar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
High Area ◽  
The Right

Due to the intensification of production of parsnip, the question arises to clarify the elements of cultivation technology that should ensure its high productivity. The use of varietal plant resources is one of the most important parts of agriculture - the basis of economic and social development of the state. The most efficient and cost-effective is the widespread introduction of new varieties and hybrids with a genetically determined level of adaptation to the conditions of soil and climatic zones of their cultivation. The indicator of the dynamics of the formation of photosynthetic productivity is the basis of the yield of each crop. The purpose of the research was to study the dynamics of leaf surface formation in varieties of parsnip in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The studied cultivars of parsnip sowing formed a high area of active assimilation surface, the dynamics of which depends on the stage of organogenesis, soil and climatic conditions of the year and varietal characteristics. With the highest average for the growing season leaf area (49.0-49.6 thousand m2 on ha), photosynthetic potential (1.79-1.83 million m2 per day on ha) and net productivity of photosynthesis - 5.56 g on m2 per day) were characterized by varieties Stymul and Pulse in terms of other varieties. It is established that in order to obtain stably high yield (44.4-45.4 t on ha) and marketability of root crops (85-93%) in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine it is necessary to sow highly productive varieties of parsnip sowing Stymul and Pulse.

scholarly journals New varieties of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.) and prospects of their cultivation in southern Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Marina O. Burlyaeva ◽  
Mariya V. Gurkina ◽  
Pavel A. Chebukin ◽  
Irina N. Perchuk ◽  
Elena V. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Far East ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
State Register

Relevance. Currently, there is an interest in this country in vegetable varieties of Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. However, a small number of varieties adapted to different cultivation conditions prevents a wider distribution of this crop. The present work was aimed at creating new vegetable cowpea varieties adapted to the climatic conditions of southern regions of Russia.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in 1998-2018 in the Astrakhan Province (Astrakhan Experiment Station) and in 2012-2018 in Primorsky Territory (Far East Experiment Station). Vegetable cowpea accessions from the global VIR collection were studied.Results. Many years of breeding have resulted in creation of such varieties as ‘Astrakhanskaya krasavitsa’, ‘Kaspiyskaya zarya’, ‘Zhemchyuzhina Kaspiya’ and ‘Lyanchihe’, which were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2019. All varieties are characterized by earliness, high productivity, excellent quality of vegetable pods, high protein content in pods in the technical ripeness phase (29.5-33.5%), and by low demand to the soil fertility. ‘Zhemchyuzhina Kaspiya’, ‘Astrakhanskaya krasavitsa’ and ‘Kaspiyskaya zarya’ are tolerant to high temperatures, air drought and soil salinity. The growing season for these varieties lasts 62-68 days in the Astrakhan Province under irrigation, while technical ripeness of pods occurs in 46-50 days. The green pod yield is 16.1–28.2 t/ha and the seed yield is 1.91-2.71 t/ha. The ‘Lyanchihe’ variety tolerates humidity well; its growing season in southern Primorsky Territory is 97-110 days, and pods reach technical ripeness in 61-70 days. The green pod yield is 21.0-24.0 t/ha, and that of seeds is 2.38-2.64 t/ha. The released varieties will broaden the range of vegetable crops cultivated in this country and improve the quality of nutrition of the population.

scholarly journals Selection estimation of red currant hybrid family ‘Belaya Potapenko’ x SS 1426-21-80

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Kalinina ◽  
Olga D. Golyaeva ◽  
Olga V. Panfilova
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Sour Taste ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Medium Weight ◽  
Red Currant

Relevance.One of the priority trends in berry crop breeding is to create highly adaptive and resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors varieties with high commodity and consumer quality of berries, not inferior to the best Western European varieties.Material and methods.The research was conducted in 2017-2018 at VNIISPK (Orel) on the selection plot of red currants, planted in 2012, with a planting scheme 2.8 x 0.8 m. The research object was the selection red currant family 2466 (♀Belaya Potapenko x ♂SS 1426-21-80) of VNIISPK breeding in the amount of 66 hybrid seedlings. The parent forms of this family were selected as sources of valuable economical and breeding characters. The variety Belaya Potapenko has a dessert taste of berries, and the selected seedling 1426-21-80 was taken due to its productivity and long racemes. The economical and biological characters of the hybrid seedlings were studied according to the “Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crops variety investigation”, section “Currants, gooseberry and their hybrids” (1999).Results.The progeny of the crossing combination Belaya Potapenko x SS 1426-21-80 is characterized by high adaptability to soil and climatic conditions of cultivation that provides good development of the seedlings and their high productivity. When crossing white-fruit Belaya Potapenko with redfruit SS 1426-21-80, seedlings with white berries are absent in the offspring, which indicates that the paternal original form is homozygous for the dominant gene that controls the red color of the berries. Hybridological analysis showed that with medium weight of berries of parental forms, the manifestation of this trait in the offspring increased, the share of large-fruited seedlings was 18-37%, depending on the year of the study. The taste estimation of the off-spring of this family showed that a great amount of the seedlings had an intermediate sweet and sour taste, part of hybrids inherited sour taste from the paternal original parent. The hybrid family is valuable for the output of highly productive large-fruited seedlings with long racemes. Re-hybridization of the best seedlings with sources of high taste of berries is necessary to improve the taste.

scholarly journals New Polish cultivars of flax resistant to Fusarium wilt

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 565-568
Author(s):  
A. Andruszewska ◽  
K. Langner ◽  
M. Byczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
High Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

The breeders consider the lack of resistance of fibrous flax cultivars to Fusarium wilt the main problem in flax cultivation in Poland. The resistance to diseases, lodging, the quality of fiber and adaptation to local climatic conditions are the main factors that have to be taken into consideration when high yields are involved. Therefore, the selected cultivars must be characterized by these features. In breeding process, conducted at the Institute of Natural Fibres in Poznań, the breeding lines of flax were tested in F4, F5, F8 and F10 in different years. The tests were conducted in provocative conditions. The main aim of breeding of flax is obtaining of new cultivars having the resistance genes to Fusarium wilt and genes responsible for high yields. Such genotypes were obtained from crossings between cultivars grown in Poland and cultivars characterized by high quality of fiber, high yield of seeds, resistance to Fusarium wilt and lodging. Five among many cultivars obtained at the INF show the best features. These cultivars are: Nike, Artemida, Modran, Selena and Luna.

scholarly journals DISEASES OF BROAD BEANS CAUSED BY MICROSCOPIC FUNGI

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Kurkina
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
South Central ◽  
Broad Beans ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chocolate Spot

The unique biochemical composition of broad bean seeds (Vicia faba L. var. major Harz) makes them a promising vegetable crop. The quantity and quality of the yield of beans depends to a large extent on the mycoses caused by microscopic fungi. The aim of the work was to study the diseases of broad beans caused by microscopic fungi in the soil and climatic conditions of the South Central zone of the region. At the Botanical garden BelSU (Belgorod) on a natural infectious background were grown and studied of different broad beans varieties Belarusian, Velena, Russian black, Aquadulche. In some years, the prevalence of Alternaria leaf spot was 8-57%, but the lack of yield did not exceed 12%. Fusarium wilt was spread to 90%, with a disease development index of up to 82% and a loss of yield of 16-64%. In cases of mixed infection (fusariosis + alternariosis, fusariosis + chocolate spot) on plants in the budding-flowering phase (before and after the phase of fruit formation), the destruction of affected plants was noted. The spread of mixed infection was prevented by dry weather during the development of plant generative organs. The development of bean leaf and pod spot, which reduced the productivity by no more than 15%, contributed to the dry period of bean growth. Chocolate spot (not marked on varieties Russian black and Velena) and blackish spotting were noted not on all grades and not annually, reducing the yield of beans by 2-10%. In general, over the years of research, the lowest losses of yield from mycoses are noted for the Belarusian.

scholarly journals Climate influence on yield and grain quality of triticale varieties in the Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Tatiana Alexandrovna Goryanina ◽  
Anatoly Mikhailovich Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Excess Moisture ◽  
Winter Crops

  The research was carried out in 2002-2018 on the fields of breeding crop rotation of the Samara research Institute, located in the Central zone of the Samara region. 24 varieties of winter triticale were studied. The aim of the work is to establish the influence of climatic conditions on the yield and quality of triticale grain. During the study period, the trends of climate change were revealed: the increase in air temperature in the spring-summer period (April-June) by 0.23° C per year and during the sowing of winter crops (August-September) by 0.09° C per year. Quality of grain and bread, productivity depend on climatic conditions of vegetation. Excess moisture in the autumn and warm winters contribute to the appearance of rust pustules. Lack of precipitation in the summer period (may-June) was noted in 13 years out of 17 studied (11.4-74.7% of the norm). The yield is significantly influenced by the conditions of vegetation in the spring and summer (SCC April-June) r=0.63 * * ±0.15. The appearance of rust pustules was decisively influenced by the conditions of the autumn period and overwintering. Anti-nutrient substances, 5-alkylresorcinols, to a large extent accumulate at high temperatures in the autumn (r=0.73* * ±0.13) and with prolonged snow cover (r=0.56*±0.18). Indicators of quality of bread improve at sufficient height of a snow cover (r=0,28 ... 0,50*) and long spring-summer vegetation (r=-0,51*...-0,62**), and at a large amount of precipitation during may-June decrease (r=-0,28...-0,46). Analysis of the results indicates the need for stabilization of high-quality grain production in the region to create drought-resistant and precocious varieties of triticale.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN KARAKTERISASI 11 KULTIVAR TANAMAN TOMAT SEBAGAI SUMBER GENETIK UNTUK PERSILANGAN

Agrin ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdillah Hasan Qonit ◽  
Kusumiyati ◽  
Syariful Mubarok
Keyword(s):  
Black Cherry ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Different Response ◽  
New Cultivars

Salah satu jenis tanaman hortikultura penting yang banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia adalah tanamantomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill). Beberapa cara dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan kualitastanaman yang salah satunya adalah dengan mendapatkan varietas unggul baru. Pada tahapan ini maka perludiseleksi terlebih dahulu jenis tomat yang mempunyai hasil baik dan toleran terhadap gangguan organismepenggangu tanaman (OPT). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kultivar tomat yang baik dari segipertumbuhan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber genetik untuk bahan persilangan. Dalam percobaan inidilakukan identifikasi dan karakterisasi 11 kultivar tomat hasil introduksi yang terdiri dari A: ‘Oxheart’; B:‘Moskvich’; C: ‘Valencia’; D: ‘Marmande’; E: ‘Moneymaker’; F: ‘La Sweetie’; G: ‘Principle Borghese’; H:‘Golden Sunrise’; I: ‘Red Cherry’; J: ‘Black Cherry’; dan K: ‘Golden Jubille’. Hasil pengamatanam menunjukkanbahwa setiap kultivar tomat introduksi mempunyai respon pertumbuhan yang berbeda. Tomat ‘Black Cherry’menunjukan respon pertumbuhan yang terbaik dengan pertimbangan tinggi tanaman, tinggi tandan pertama,diameter batang tanaman, jumlah bunga per tandan, dan jumlah buah per tandan.Serta mempunyai ketahananterhadap serangan organisme pengganggu.Kata kunci: introduksi, pertumbuhan, tomatABSTRACTOne of the important horticultural crops in Indonensia is Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). Severalmethods can be used to improve productivity and quality of tomato such as by generating new tomato cultivar withdesired characters. To generate new cultivars therefore new selection in parental tomato is needed to get thepotential parental tomato as genetic background. The purpose of this study was to find out the potential tomatocultivars such as high productivity and quality, adaptive grown in Indonesia and also resistant to pest and disease.Eleven tomato cultivars introduction was used in this experiment consisted of A: 'Oxheart'; B: 'Moskvich'; C:'Valencia'; D: 'Marmande'; E: 'Moneymaker'; F: 'La Sweetie'; G: 'Principle Borghese'; H: 'Golden Sunrise'; I:'Red Cherry'; J: 'Black Cherry'; and K: 'Golden Jubille'. The results showed that each introduced tomato cultivarhas a different response to environmental condition. Tomato ‘Black Cherry’ showed the best plant growthcompared to other cultivars. It had the highest plant height; shoot diameter, no of flower per truss, and no of fruitper truss. It also showed as a resistant cultivar to the pest and disease.Keywords: introduction, plant growth, tomato

scholarly journals Studies Concerning the Knowledge of the Quality of Grapes in Order to Obtain Superior White Wines

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen CHIRCU ◽  
Noemi VARO ◽  
Sevastiţa MUSTE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
White Wines ◽  
Material Quality ◽  
The Right

The most important link in wine industry is the knowledge of the raw material quality parameters, as with their help can be scientifically established, for each variety, the right direction of use obtaining products with the highest quality and maximum economic efficiency. In this work were established: the pedo-climatic conditions, the uvologic indices, determining the optimal timing of harvest using the graphic representation of sugars, acidity and weight of 100 grains, during the period 2006-2008. The study took place in Jidvei vineyard, and two grapes varieties were taken in study, Italian Riesling and Feteasca Regala. The results prove that the two grapes varieties can be included in the superior grapes quality, used to obtain superior white wines, following the legislation terms.

scholarly journals GENETIC SOURCES AND NEW SOURCE MATERIAL FOR BREEDING PUMPKINS IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
T. M. Nikulina ◽  
D. P. Kurunina ◽  
E. S. Maslennikova
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Selection Of

The results of the research work carried out during the period 2015-2017 are outlined. on the practical selection of pumpkin in the conditions of the Volgograd Transvolga. The results of studying the assortment of pumpkin varieties of domestic and foreign breeding in collection nurseries are presented. The most promising samples adapted to local soil and climatic conditions have high productivity (Sviteny, Chino, Marina di Chioggia, Silber Bell (USA), Kham (Laos), image (Spain), Local (Kazakhstan), Gribovskaya winter, Teshchenka , Zucchini Malchugan, and the quality of the fruit: (Chino, Chirimen nankin (Japan), Cachi JNTA (Argentina), Mantova Uyghur (Kazakhstan), Duchess, Vega F1, Sweetie, Pampushka, Green Warted Habbard (USA). A new hybrid material was obtained, an estimation of its productivity of consumer achestv, stability to bio- and abiotic factors. accessions selected promising superior standards major ecological and morphological and economically valuable traits. The characteristics of the best selected hybrid combinations are given in comparison with the standards. The most productive are hybrid combinations: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Sweet x Elegant, Local (Kirghizia) x Zorka, zucchini Mountain Anchor. The yield of these samples exceeds the standards by 13.3-92.2%. The quality of the fruit is distinguished by the hybrids: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Marina di Chioggia, Pampushka x Elegant, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Zaslavia x POOS6-07, Zorka x Oreshek, Altair x Elegant. The content of dry substances in the fruits of these samples is 2.0-8.8% higher than the standards.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF ISSUES ON THE REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF PLANTATIONS IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF PUBLIC ROADS

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kharytonova ◽  
Olha Mykolaienko ◽  
Tetyana Lozova
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Overhead Power Lines ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neck Diameter ◽  
Proper Operation

Greening of roads contributes to the protection of roads and their elements from influence of adverse weather and climatic factors; it includes the measures for improvement and landscaping of roads, ensures the protection of roadside areas from transport pollution, provides visual orientation of drivers. The solution of these issues will ensure creation and maintenance of safe and comfortable conditions for travelers. Green plantings in the right-of-way road area include woody, bushy, flower and grass vegetation of natural and artificial origin. For proper operation of public roads and satisfaction of other needs of the industry, there may be the need in removing the greenery. The reason for the removal of greenery in the right-of-way road area may be due to the following factors: construction of the architectural object, widening of the motor road, repair works in the security zone of overhead power lines, water supply, drainage, heating, telecommunications facilities, cutting of hazardous, dry and fautal trees, as well as self-grown and brushwood trees with a root neck diameter not exceeding 5 cm, elimination of the consequences of natural disasters and emergencies. The removal of plantations in the right-of-way area is executed in order to ensure traffic safety conditions and to improve the quality of plantations composition and their protective properties. Nowadays, in Ukraine there is no clear procedure for issuing permits for removing of such plantations. In order to resolve this issue, there is a need in determining the list of regulations in the area of forest resources of Ukraine and, if needed, the list of regulatory acts that have to be improved; to prepare a draft of the regulatory legal act that would establish the procedure of plantations cutting, the methodology of their condition determination, recovery costs determination, the features of cutting. Keywords: plantations, cutting, right-of-way, woodcutting permit, order.

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