scholarly journals Morphofunctional characteristics of the tomato male gametophyte under conditions of viral pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
T. I. Saltanovish ◽  
L. I. Andronic ◽  
L. P. Antosh ◽  
A. N. Doncila
Keyword(s):  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Viral Pathogenesis ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pollen Flowers

Relevance. The action of viral phytopathogens changes the quality of the male gametophyte, which ultimately leads to a decrease in plant productivity. So, information on the features of the variability of morphofunctional characteristics of the microgametophyte becomes topical. Taking into account the expression of a part of the plant genome in pollen, the male gametophyte can be used as a reliable system for assessing the response of genotypes to the action of viral pathogens. Presuming that the problems of variability of characteristics of the male gametophyte in conditions of viral pathogenesis have not been enough studied, as well as the main factors determining the variability have not been identified, the aim of the research was to study the effect of viral phytopathogens on the male gametophyte characters in tomato.Material and methods. Hybrids F1 and varieties of tomato were used in the experiments. Plants were grown in a greenhouse. They were inoculated with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) or tomato aspermia virus (TAV) in the 4-5 leaf phase. To determine the quality of pollen, flowers of control and infected plants were collected; pollen was isolated and sown on a nutrient medium. The preparations were analyzed under microscope. The viability of the pollen and the length of the pollen tubes were assessed, and the ratio of these indicators was calculated.Results. Infection of plants with viruses changes some functional characteristics of the male gametophyte. The responses manifested as stimulation, inhibition, or neutral effect. The main sources of variability in characters of pollen were the genotype and viral agents. In viral pathogenesis, unequal indicators of pollen grains were found in terms of the rate of germination and growth of pollen tubes (PT). Analysis of the heritability coefficients of the ratio of pollen viability and PT length (experiment / control) revealed positive dominance and overdominance in 70% of cases. Genotypes have been identified that combine a high level of viability when infected with different viruses. The prospect of their use in further research is proposed. 

scholarly journals Intrapopulation variability for male gametophyte traits in the tomato F3 and F4 offspring derived from high temperature resistant F2 recombinants

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Milania D. Маkоvеi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Intrapopulation Variability ◽  
Average Variation ◽  
High Level

Relevance Identification of forms resistant to thermal stress is important not only at the stage of search, but also later in the selection process. Methods The paper presents the results obtained during the studies on the variability of tomato male gametophyte traits (pollen viability, pollen tube length, pollen resistance and resistance along pollen tubes) in the hybrid F2, F3 and F4 offspring derived from different crossing combinations strongly resistant to high temperature stress (8 hybrid combinations). Results Recombination differences expressed in the values of average variation per family (S2) have been found in the F2 populations segregated for a complex of pollen traits, which made it possible to isolate transgressive recombinants from different hybrid combinations, to produce seeds from them and to further perform selection cycles in F3. It has been found that high intrapopulation variability of male gametophyte traits is preserved in F3 and F4 offspring, which reflects the response of their genotypes to high temperature. The offspring derived from the best F2 recombinants has been shown to not preserve a high level of resistance in F3 and F4. As for the pollen heat resistance, the actual shift of the trait values in F3 in relation to F2 made 0.92, while it made 0.65 in F4 in relation to F2. The shift of the values in the dynamics of the F2, F3 and F4 generations from different hybrid combinations was somewhat higher for the resistance of pollen tubes making 0.99 (F3/F2) and 1.15 (F4/F2). The most pronounced positive shift towards high values in F3 and F4 in relation to F2 was recorded just in three combinations, L7 x L305, L7 x cv. Ceros, L7 x cv. Lider (R – 1.91; 1.29 and 1.08, respectively). High variability in the populations of F4 offspring is observed for quantitative traits, as well, namely, inflorescence number per plant, flower number per inflorescence, the number of set fruits per inflorescence and seed number in fruits. The differences in the offspring diversity found during estimation of the segregating F2 populations derived from different crossing combinations for the variability range have not been confirmed in F3 and F4.

scholarly journals ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ МУЖСКОГО ГАМЕТОФИТА СОСНЫ ОБЫКНОВЕННОЙ PINUS SILVESTRIS L. В УСЛОВИЯХ ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЫ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 390-408
Author(s):  
L.P. Khlebova ◽  
O.V. Bychkova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Germinated Pollen

<p>The peculiarities of the development of the male gametophyte of Pinus silvestris L. in the urban environment were studied. Quality of pollen was evaluated by laboratory experiments through germination at the nutrient medium and by histochemical staining to determine the presence of redox enzymes. It was shown that pollen viability is closely linked to climatic and weather conditions during the period of microsporogenesis and mass pollination. Atmospheric pollution affected the pollen significantly. Low temperatures and high humidity in the background of the weak capacity of self-purification of the atmosphere led to a reduction of the potential pollen viability. The ability of the pollen grains to germinate was reduced, the number of abnormal pollen tubes was increased, and the proportion of cells containing active peroxidase was decreased. We revealed a close positive correlation between the frequency of germinated pollen grains and the presence of active peroxidase, as well as a negative correlation between the percentage of colored pollen and the frequency of pollen tube anomalies, which confirmed the role of peroxidase activity not only in the induction of pollen germination, but also the formation of pollen tubes.<br />A ranking of the urban territory on the strength of unfavorable environmental factors has been carried out. The reaction of male gametophyte of pine allowed us to consider it as a biological indicator of unfavorable ecological situation in the urban environment.</p>

scholarly journals Variability of pollen grains quality in oat amphiploids and their parental species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Tomaszewska ◽  
Romuald KOSINA
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
High Level

The reproductive potential of oat species and their hybrid progeny (amphiploids) was evaluated during three vegetation seasons. Morphotypes and viability of pollen grains were described by means of correlations and regression, while relationships between taxa were analysed with the use of numerical taxonomy methods. Size of pollen grains varied between the growing seasons, but the relations between the taxa appeared to be stable. Viability of pollen grains was environmentally modified and showed no correlation with pollen length. In an ordination space, amphiploids were discriminated from parental species. In both group of plants, a positive correlation between the pollen size and the level of ploidy was maintained; however, along a regression line, amphiploids were located among species with a high level of ploidy and were extreme units deviating from the regression line. Developmental anomalies of pollen grains had a low frequency, with the formation of micrograins being the most common event. Such a pattern of development can prove that some pollen grains were chromosomally unbalanced. Anomalous morphotypes of pollen were more common in hybrid types than in species, including pollens with many poruses, which were found only in amphiploids. Frequencies of multiporate grains and micropollens were strongly correlated. In an ordination space, monoporate types (species) were discriminated from multiporate types (amphiploids). In general, the high level of pollen viability in amphiploids can prove their genomic stabilisation through many generations of their reproduction.

scholarly journals Pollen viability of ‘Besztercei plum' clones depending on the effect of the year

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Horváth ◽  
Zs. Orosz-Kovács ◽  
D. Surányi ◽  
Z. Erdős ◽  
S. Gulyás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Excellent Quality ◽  
Daily Minimum ◽  
Dark Staining ◽  
Possible Cause

The percentage of dark staining pollen grains was higher in spring of 1996 than in the previous year. Data in 1998 resemble those of 1995, concerning the large amount of medium staining pollen grains in the majority of clones. Some clones produced excellent quality pollen also in the third year. whereas there were significant differences in other clones in various years. The warmer February-March period in 1995 induced an early blooming, and frost affected the orchard not only in winter months, but also immediately before and during blooming. Thus, frost was the possible cause of weaker quality pollen this year. In 1996 warming began a bit late, but it was not broken by drastic falls in temperature, except for the middle of April, when a smaller frost affected the orchard. It is likely that this frost did not influence pollen quality of `Besztercei' and 'Early Besztercei' plum clones significantly. In 1998 warming was continuous and steady, the orchard was not affected by frost immediately before blooming. In March, however, there was frost almost every day, according to daily minimum temperatures.

scholarly journals Viability of pollen in sweet cherry (Cerasus avium) varieties of different ecogeographic origin in the Northwestern region of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Orlova ◽  
A. V. Pavlov ◽  
V. G. Verzhuk
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Northwestern Region

Background. Sweet cherry is an unconventional fruit crop for the Northwestern region of Russia. Identification of cultivars adapted to the conditions of the northwest requires a comprehensive study of cultivars of different ecogeographic origin and, specifically, morpho-physiological characteristics of pollen, which ensure the productivity of sweet cherries.Materials and methods. The field sweet cherry collection maintained at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR served as the material for the study carried out in 2017 at the Plant Diversity Long-Term Storage Laboratory. Twenty-four sweet cherry accessions belonging to five different groups were studied: I – Northwestern (bred at VIR); II – Central; III – Central Black Soil (all three are regions in Russia); IV – Belarus; and V – Estonia. Viability of pollen was assessed by germinating on an artificial medium with 10% sucrose and 0.6% agar. Pollen viability results were statistically processed using StatSoft Statistica 13.0 and Microsoft Excel.Results. The initial viability of pollen for almost all varieties in 2017 was low. High percentage of pollen germination was characteristic of cvs. ‘Krasnaya sladkaya’ (gr. I, 50.0%), ‘Leningradskaya rozovaya’ (gr. I, 61.8%), ‘Adelina’ (gr. III, 53.5%) and ‘Zarya Vostoka’ (gr. III, 60.3%). After storage in liquid nitrogen, the level of pollen germination increased in all cultivars of groups I and V as well as in a number of cultivars from group II (‘Raditza’, ‘Iput’, ‘Rechitsa’ and ‘Fatezh’), group III (‘Zarya Vostoka’, ‘Rondo’ and ‘Orlovskaya rozovaya’) and group IV (‘Severnaya’ and ‘Vityaz’). Pollen viability after cryopreservation significantly decreased by 8.7‑17.3% in cvs. ‘Bryanochka’ (gr. II), ‘Alebastrovaya’ (IV),’ Bryanskaya rozovaya’ (II) and ‘Adelina’ (III). Pollen viability parameters (length of pollen tubes and percentage of germinated pollen grains) positively correlated prior to immersion into liquid nitrogen from r = 0,54 (gr. III) to r = 0,76 (gr. II), while after cryopreservation, they showed weak correlation (r = 0,28) in gr. I, and strong one (r = 0,79) in group IV. In the length of pollen tubes and the level of viability, the parent cv. ‘Leningradskaya chernaya’ had practically no connection with cv. ‘Raditsa’ (r = 0.09), while with cv. ‘Meelika’ the correlation was medium negative (r = –0.49); correlations between the parent cv. ‘Krasnaya plotnaya’ and cvs. ‘Sopernitsa’, ‘Bryanochka’ and ‘Vityaz’ were medium (r = 0.57) and high (r = 0.78 and r = 0.83), respectively.Conclusion. In their level of pollen viability, the introduced sweet cherry cultivars are similar to or even exceed the cultivars native to the northwest (bred at VIR).

scholarly journals 455 PB 326 PISTIL INFLUENCE ON GROWTH OF POLLEN TUBES OF P. X DOMESTICUM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 496e-496
Author(s):  
Mary Stuart ◽  
Pablo Jourdan
Keyword(s):  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Germination And Growth

The regal pelargonium (P. x domesticum) is generally characterized by low fertility and poor seed set. In studys designed to assess factors that contribute to low fecundity in this crop we have examined genotype interactions among various cultivars and have identified lines that differ in degree of male and female fertility. The objective of this study was to examine genotypic variation, other than self-incompatibility, of P. x domesticum pistils in supporting the development of the male gametophyte. Variation in pollen germination and growth was assessed after crossing either a male of high fertility or a mate of poor fertility to nine different selections of varying female fertility. Styles were harvested 2 hours after pollination and examined using fluorescence microscopy to determine the number of germinated pollen grains on the stigma and the number of pollen tubes growing down the style. Female selections displayed large differences in their ability to support pollen tubes. Styles from different females pollinated with the same male varied in average number of pollen tubes from 30 to 2.

scholarly journals Особенности мужского гаметофита томата в условиях вирусного патогенеза и водного дефицита

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Салтанович ◽  
◽  
Людмила Анточ ◽  
А. Дончилэ ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Viral Pathogenesis ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Selection ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Complementary Action ◽  
Assessing Method

On the example of F1 hybrid combinations and tomato varieties, the possibility of the assessing method for pollen selection on the responses of male gametophytes under conditions of viral pathogenesis and drought has been shown. It was found the action of factors on the pollen viability and on the rate of pollen tubes growth, leading to the manifestation of differential reactions. The viruses are the main sources of variability of the pollen functional traits, while the effect of water deficit and genotype are considerably weaker. Genotypes that combine the high viability of pollen with the ability to form longer pollen tubes under the complementary action of viruses and water deficit have been identified, suggesting the prospect of these genotypes using in further breeding studies.

Characterization of self-incompatibility in Campanula rapunculoides (Campanulaceae) through genetic analyses and microscopy

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Good-Avila ◽  
D. Majumder ◽  
H. Amos ◽  
A. G. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
The Family

In this paper, we seek to identify the genetic basis of self-incompatibility (SI) in Campanula rapunculoides L. through diallel analysis of full siblings; to characterize the growth of pollen tubes in vivo after incompatible and compatible pollination; and to determine whether the SI system is based on pistil S-RNases. Pollinations were performed among individuals from five diallel crosses and scored for both fruit set and pollen-tube growth to determine the genetic basis of SI. On a subset of these individuals with known cross-(in)compatibility relationships, additional crosses were performed and pistils collected 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after pollination to assess both the percentage of pollen grains that had germinated on the stigma, and the number of pollen tubes that had grown 20%, 40% 60%, 80%, and 100% of the distance down the pistil over five time intervals. Finally, total pistillate proteins were extracted and subjected to isoelectric focusing and RNase activity staining to find evidence of a highly basic S-RNases associated with SI in the Solanaceae. We found evidence that the SI system was based on the haplotype of the male gametophyte, and was not sporophytic. Protein analyses showed that SI was not based on a pistillate S-RNase. The existence of modifiers of SI and possible polyploidy at the S-locus complicated the expression of SI in this species, and single-gene inheritance could not be determined. This represents the first published characterization of incompatibility in the family Campanulaceae.

scholarly journals Pollen tube growth of Paeonia tenuifolia L. (Paeoniaceae) in vitro and in vivo

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feruzan Dane ◽  
Nuran Ekici
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vivo Growth ◽  
Paeonia Tenuifolia

In vitro and in vivo studies on pollen germination of Paeonia tenuifolia L. (Paeoniaceae) revealed that pollen grains are shed at two-celled stage. Normal and abnormal pollens were observed. Pollen viability was recorded between 55 and 75%. In vitro studies revealed 85% germination and usually the germination was monosphonic. Some pollen tubes with swollen tube tip and undulations were found. Styles and stigma were found to contain many pollen tubes 24 hrs after pollination. Key words: Paeonia tenuifolia; Pollen tube; In vitro growth; In vivo growth  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i1.8003 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(1): 93-95, 2011 (June)

scholarly journals SCREENING CAPSICUM GENOTYPES FOR INCREASED DROUGHT TOLERANCE BY IN VITRO POLLEN GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE LENGTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Y. Arnaoudova ◽  
B. Arnaoudov
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Lower Productivity

Yield realizing in vegetable crops depends on several reproductive processes that include pollen fertility as well as pollen tubes germination and growth. The study was conducted as the pollen characteristics fertility and viability were used, as well as the productivity for evaluation of drought tolerance in four pepper genotypes Capsicum annuum L. From the conducted cytological analyses was found that decreasing the water standard with 50% exert negative influence over the male gametophyte and the pollen fertility decreases with up to 37.4% average. More sensitive to drought showed to be the plants from both cultivars Pazardzhishka kapia and Albena, in which lower productivity and lower restorable potential were found in comparison with those found in the mutant lines No.1936 and No.1917. Increased tolerance showed the male gametophyte of line No.1936. After a drought in it were found the highest values for pollen viability – 33.4% average pollen germination and 438.7µm pollen tubes length which was with proven mathematical difference compared with the rest of the genotypes. These results showed that pollen fertility analyses and pollen viability analyses in drought plants could be used for evaluation of the drought tolerance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document