scholarly journals The Problem of Mental Development in Children with Autistic Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-313
Author(s):  
Nataliia Bazyma ◽  
Lesia Zalanovska ◽  
Iryna Brushnevska ◽  
Alina Ivanenko ◽  
Dina Shulzhenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Transfer Of Skills ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Autistic Disorders

The clinical-psychological-pedagogical picture of autistic personality disorders of a child is highly complex and diverse compared to other mental development disorders. The divergence of researchers' views on the autism clinic leads to a scientific discussion on the problem of conceptual and terminological base of definitions and concepts, so, as a consequence, the problem has a conceptual and diagnostic orientation. Summarizing the research of scientists, we highlight the characteristic manifestations of autism in older preschool age: lack of mental activity; violation of the interaction of mental functions; unevenness, partialness of intellectual development; gross violations of purposefulness and arbitrariness of attention; lack of lively interest, interest in the new, environmental research; the tendency to perceive information as if passively absorbing it into whole blocks; the reaction of departure from the influences of the environment directed on the child; adverse reaction or no reaction at all when trying to draw attention to the objects of the surrounding reality; rapid exhaustion and oversaturation with any purposeful activity; difficulty concentrating; difficulties in symbolization, transfer of skills from one situation to another; impaired formation of social and communicative functions. Having analyzed many scientific studies, we can determine the number and variety of speech disorders in children with autistic disorders: challenging to interpret crying; limited barking; lack of imitation of sounds; phonography of speech; mutism; echolalia; words-stamps, phrases-stamps; neologisms; limited use of pronouns; lack of speech in speech; speech autonomy; speech disorders; inability to form words; violation of the semantic, syntactic, grammatical structure of speech; violation of speech melody; violation of prosodic components of speech; inability to engage in dialogue; specificity of the development of monologue speech.

Learning the basis of self-regulation as one of the conditions of socialization of senior preschoolers with general speech underformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V Pazukhina ◽  
◽  
V. S. Makashova
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Child ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Systematic Monitoring ◽  
The Family

The article provides a theoretical justification of the model of psychological and pedagogical support of the process of socialization of children of senior preschool age with a general speech underdevelopment. Based on the selected criteria and indicators, a diagnostic program has been developed that allows you to determine the level of formation of the components of socialization of preschoolers with speech disorders — behavioral, cognitive, social and personal. The authors obtained primary data for assessing the level of formation of the studied components of socialization. It is established that children of this category experience difficulties of a communicative, motivational, cognitive nature, which negatively affects the process of their socialization. One of the problematic aspects is the insufficiently formed level of voluntary self-regulation in them. The results obtained are interpreted as manifestations of modal-nonspecific patterns of impaired development and are used to justify the specifics of psychological and pedagogical support of the process of socialization of children in this category. The developed model of psychological and pedagogical support of these children includes three blocks: diagnostic-designing, correctionaldeveloping, consultative-methodical. The authors described the specifics of the content and methods for implementing each of them. The psychological and pedagogical conditions for the socialization of preschoolers with a general underdevelopment of speech are highlighted: the creation of a psychologically positive microclimate supporting the child’s communication in the family and kindergarten; carrying out special work to correct the deficiencies in the development of the components of socialization revealed in them during the diagnosis; development and implementation of an individual educational trajectory for the development of a preschool child with general speech underdevelopment, taking into account the specifics of nosology; systematic monitoring of the psychological and pedagogical status of the child in terms of changing the dynamics of mental development. As one of the conditions, the influence of arbitrary self-regulation on the success of the development of the listed components of socialization was considered.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
V. V. KORDONETS ◽  
◽  
M. L. NAZARENKO ◽  
S. I. PAPKA ◽  
P. K. MALIY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Ability To Act

The authors consider the development of communicative competence of children with special educational needs. Communicative competence includes the following components: psychophysical features of personality; social characteristics and status; cultural fund of the individual; language competence; pragmaticon of personality. Communicative competence is one of the key components of personality adaptations to the constantly changing conditions of the surrounding reality, which is of great importance in the mental development and in the process of social training of students. Focusing on the psychological and pedagogical features of teaching children with special educational needs, we can say that the level of development of communicative competence in the recognized category of children is low. Researchers emphasize that this category of students avoid communication. Speech contact is characterized by shortness and inferiority. This is due to the speed of testing social responsibility, the low level of vocabulary formation, which hinder the formation of utterances; misunderstanding of the interlocutor. Communication is the most important factor in the overall mental development of children, which plays a crucial role in enriching the content and structure of human consciousness. Through communication a person acquires all his higher cognitive abilities and qualities. With its help, people exchange information and transmit it for many years. Personality development largely depends on the social environment of man. Through interaction with people, a person, and in particular a child, satisfies his most important need - communication, improves mental and cognitive abilities and reaches a higher level in its development. With speech disorders in children there are difficulties in meeting and developing such needs. Establishing language communication is one of the main conditions for the full development of the child. Communication affects all the achievements of preschool age: the development of the cognitive sphere and the formation of the foundations of children's worldview; on the emergence of arbitrary behavior, the ability to act in accordance with the rules; on the formation of personal self-awareness. For children with special educational needs, learning to communicate is of great importance. If the child is able to express their desires, needs, ask for help and respond to the words of others, he will be able to enter society. Key words: communication, competence, inclusion, children with special educational needs, consciousness, educational process

scholarly journals Visual Modeling as a Means of Teaching Creative Storytelling to Senior Preschoolers with Severe Speech Impairments

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Elena Yurevna Bukhtayarova
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Visual Modeling

The article is specifically concerned with the fact that the search for new ways of improving corrective logopedic work with children diagnosed with severe speech disorders is directly associated with changes in the requirements concerning the content of preschool education. Today, the corrective work aimed at addressing emerging or existing impairments of speech and its grammatical structure, as well as phonemic hearing is prioritized in the Russian logopedics, being the most well-developed. The aim of this study is to establish the theoretical basis for the research problem and to develop a course of logopedic classes using visual modeling for developing creative storytelling skills in senior preschoolers with severe speech impairments. The following methods have been used in the study: analysis of literature on the research subject, experiments, methods used in mathematical statistics, qualitative and quantitative methods of processing the experimental findings, observation. It can be concluded that creating motivating communication associated with creative activity or a visual situation creates conditions for children’s independent will to speak out and share their opinion. Developing creative storytelling skills in children of senior preschool age with severe speech disorders presents great difficulties. Creative storytelling is an effective means of speech development. The method of visual simulation can be used when working on all types of coherent expression, in particular, this applies to creative storytelling. In the course of visual modeling children will become familiar with graphic ways of presenting information: images of outlined objects with a minimal amount of details, symbolic images of objects, plans and symbols used in them.

scholarly journals Analysis of the prevalence of mental and speech disorders in children in the Srednekolymsky Ulus of Yakutia (based on the results of a screening examination)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Vera V. Pozdnyak ◽  
Severin V. Grechanyy
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the analysis of mental, including speech, disorders among children in the villages of the Srednekolymsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The purpose of the survey was to analyze the diagnosed mental, including speech, disorders among the children of the villages of the Srednekolymsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). 501 children aged 2 to 18 years were examined. Clinically significant disorders were detected in 187 children (37.4%). The structure of mental disorders is described: the first place is occupied by specific speech and language disorders (F80), the second is mental retardation (F83) and the third is mild cognitive impairment (F06.7). The data on the prevalence of mental disorders in various age groups are presented: most often, mental disorders occur in adolescence (51.0% of all examined children). Less disturbances are diagnosed in the early age group and the first period of childhood 22.0% of all children examined. In the group of preschool age, speech disorders are in the lead, in the group of primary school age mental retardation, speech disorders and mild cognitive impairment. In adolescence, a wide range of mental disorders is diagnosed, including adaptive reactions and eating disorders. Sexual differences in the nosological specificity of mental disorders were revealed: mental disorders prevail in boys. Speech disorders, stuttering, and behavioral disorders are significantly more common among boys. Among girls, adaptation disorders, emotionally labile disorders and eating disorders are significantly more common.

scholarly journals Features of inflection skills of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Bazhenova ◽  
Yu. S. Mokhova
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Normal Speech

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the features of inflection skills of the preschoolers with a general speech disorders. The problem of studying the grammatical structure of speech plays a leading role in modern scientific and practical research, and the question of the mechanisms of the formation of grammatical patterns of language of children having general speech underdevelopment and the development of recommendations for speech therapy effects on this basis is especially relevant. Taking this factor into consideration, it is important to study the characteristics of inflection skills of preschoolers with a general speech disorders, as one of the categories of the grammatical structure. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of inflection skills of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. In accordance with the purpose, the course of the study is described, its results are analyzed, and conclusions are formulated. Accordingly, recommendations for speech therapy have been developed.Materials and methods. The study of the features of inflection skills of preschoolers with a general underdevelopment of speech was carried out in several stages. At the stage of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison of scientific literature data, the main theoretical and practical works of leading specialists were studied, dealing with the problem of formation and development of inflection skills in both normal and impaired speech development process. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment, preschoolers were offered a test aimed at determining the level of formation of inflection skills. At the final stage, empirical methods for processing empirical data (quantitative and qualitative analysis) were used.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the inflection skills  of preschool children with general speech disorders are mainly formed at a lower-than-average level, while their peers with normal speech development are formed at a high level. The hypothesis of the study, which suggested that the word-modification skills of preschoolers with General speech disorders, in contrast to preschoolers with normal speech development, are characterized by inconsistencies in gender, number, case of nouns and adjectives, errors in the use of forms of number and gender of verbs, was confirmed.Discussion and Conclusions. Taking into consideration the results of the study, we concluded that there is a need for speech therapy to compensate for the underdevelopment of inflection skills, as a result, logopedic recommendations were developed for developing inflection skills of preschool children with general speech disorders, which are part of a comprehensive speech therapy on the development of oral speech.

scholarly journals Intellectual Development Features and Status in the Nursery Group in Preschool Age

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
V.A. Ilyin ◽  
E.V. Khrisanova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
High Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Integral Indicator ◽  
Middle Status

The article presents the results of a study of intellectual development of high-status, middle-status and low-status members of the educational preschool groups. It is shown that the intellectual development of high status and middle status 4-5 years old children is higher than their low-status peers, especially in such aspects as perception, attention, and memory. This integral indicator of high status subjects corresponds to the average or high level of intelligence, and for most of the subjects of this category is characterized by a high level. An integral component of intellectual development of middle-status children is comparable to the one in high-status. In fact, there is only one, but not least, difference between the two categories: among high-status children there is no kids whose integral indicator of intellectual development is below average. Integral indicator of intellectual development of most low-status subjects corresponds to the low intelligence level. We analyzed a dialectical relationship of intellectual, social, and psychological development of preschool children according to the concept of «interpersonal situation of development». The article presents methodical maintenance of structure definition of interpersonal relations in the preschool educational groups. The study proposed a number of scientific and practical recommendations.

scholarly journals Psychological and Pedagogical Conditions of Intellectual Development in Preschoolers with Severe Speech Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
Elena Chipil ◽  
Tatiana Shamovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Color Version ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Primary Scale ◽  
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices ◽  
Verbal Functions

The research featured peculiarities of the intellectual development of children with severe speech disorders. A set of experiments showed that such children have systemic underdevelopment of verbal and non-verbal functions. The empirical part of the research was based on two methods: a color version of Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Test and Wechsler’s Pre-School & Primary Scale of Intelligence in M. N. Ilyina’s adaptation. The data were analyzed with the help of statistical methods. The article focuses on the system of psychological and pedagogical conditions of the intellectual development of preschoolers in the conditions of preschool educational organizations. The authors consider the sensory education as the basis of intellectual development aimed primarily at the development of feelings and perceptions. The content of the intellectual education includes speech development, development of elementary mathematical concepts, and productive activities (construction, modeling, drawing, application), which are considered as significant aspects of intellectual education. The authors compiled, tested, and evaluated a program of intellectual development of senior preschool children with severe speech disorders. The program was based on didactic games.

Petroleum Genesis as a Problem of Transdisciplinary Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-141
Author(s):  
Irina A. Gerasimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Transdisciplinary Research ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Transdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Relationship

The problem of petroleum genesis is fundamental for natural science. Scientific discussion on the problem of petroleum genesis originated with the science of theModern time and continues to this day. Physicists, chemists, biologists, geologists, geophysicists and cosmologists take part in the discussion. The problem attracts the attention of philosophers on science in many aspects. The author believes that it is necessary to conduct research of a transdisciplinary type that combines natural science and philosophical knowledge. Transdisciplinary research allows conceptually combine different scales of vision, different languages and standards of justification for specific sciences. The prerequisite for a transdisciplinary approach on the part of natural scientists can be the synergetic setting of theoretical constructions. V.I. Vernadsky’s concept of biosphere and noosphere, which is included in the scientific picture of the world, can serve as philosophical and conceptual basis. Transdisciplinary discussion on the petroleum genesis involve the analysis of philosophical, socio-psychological and concrete scientific aspects. The author carries out the logical and methodological analysis of the hypothesis of D.I. Mendeleev. The author comes to the conclusion that the philosophical type of argumentation prevails. The basis for a new dialogue should be the subject- subject-object relationship. The principles of the philosophy of complexity can be used when discussing the problems of geoecology and specific environmental research areas.

scholarly journals Meaning formation in younger schoolchildren with speech disorders in the context of didactic approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Elena Matsyuk ◽  
Elena Belova
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Social Adaptability

The article reviews the content and continuity of didactic conceptions of teaching primary school children with disabilities in modern conditions. The authors examine the nature of the reasons for poor performance of students with speech disorders, and reveal the contradictions of the integrative approach in education, as well as the possibilities of resolving these contradictions through the use of meaning pedagogy. The problem of designing an effective teaching model for primary schoolchildren with speech disorders is posed which can contribute to the formation of a positive image of the “Self”, the formation of an emotionand value-related attitude to reality and adequate perception of oneself in the world. The authors suggest that children with speech disorders with potential prerequisites for intellectual development are able to overcome communicative, cognitive and personal barriers to learning much better when provided didactic conditions for triggering the mechanism of meaning initiations in comparison with children with other manifestations of limited health abilities. An attempt has been made to create a meaningful didactic model of teaching primary school children with speech disorders in the context of inclusive education, that allows to increase the efficiency of the educational process and the social adaptability of children with speech disorders in society.

Child psychology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Uruntaeva
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Child Psychology ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Secondary Vocational Education ◽  
State Educational

The textbook examines the patterns and factors of mental development, describes the stages of development in preschool age from birth to school admission, including the formation of cognitive, personal spheres, the development of various types of activities by children. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students of secondary vocational education institutions of pedagogical and psychological profiles. It can be useful for teachers, educators, psychologists, practitioners of preschool educational organizations, as well as parents and anyone interested in mental development in preschool childhood.

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