scholarly journals Evolution of Consumption Expenditures of Population of the Republic of Moldova

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mircea Gutium ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic

Consumption expenditures is one of the key indicators that reflects the purchasing power of the population. Purchasing power in turn shows the level of social welfare. The population with a stable evolution of consumer spending is at least able to maintain its level of consumption with inflation. In addition, if consumer spending rises in proportion to the level of inflation, there is an increase in welfare and living standards. High level of consumption has positive influence on business. greater aggregate demand will generate more profits, boost company development, and foster job creation. In this study, the affirmation was verified that the consumer price index is one of the factors that influence the standard of living, but not primarily. The following scientific methods were used to approve or reject the statement: scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, graphical and tabular method, comparative analysis method, correlation and regression analysis. In this study there was made comparison of consumption evolution and its structure in the Republic of Moldova and in the European Union to identify the difference in welfare. The linear regression model between the consumer price index and growth rate of household expenditures was elaborated.

Οικονομική αξιολόγηση της δοκιμασίας HPV DNA ως πρωταρχικής μεθόδου προσυμπτωματικού ελέγχου για καρκίνο τραχήλου της μήτρας στην Ελλάδα

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αναστάσιος Σκρουμπέλος
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hpv Test

Ο καρκίνος του τραχήλου της μήτρας αποτελεί την 7η συχνότερη μορφή καρκίνου στις γυναίκες στην Ελλάδα. Η αποτελεσματική διαχείριση της νόσου βασίζεται στην πρόληψη και δει στον προσυμπτωματικό έλεγχο ο οποίος έως πρόσφατα βασιζόταν στην κυτταρολογική εξέταση. Η σύνδεση του καρκίνου του τραχήλου της μήτρας με τον ιό των ανθρωπίνων θηλωμάτων οδήγησε στην ανάπτυξη της δοκιμασίας HPV DNA, η κλινική αποτελεσματικότητα της οποίας αποδεικνύεται πως υπερέχει της καθιερωμένης πρακτικής της κυτταρολογικής εξέτασης. Παρά την κλινική του υπεροχή η εισαγωγή του σε εθνικά προγράμματα προσυμπτωματικού ελέγχου απαιτεί τον έλεγχο της οικονομικής του αποδοτικότητα καθώς υπό τον περιορισμό των σπανίων πόρων η χρηματοδότησή του οφείλει να μεγιστοποιεί την αξία της επένδυσης. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, σκοπό της παρούσας διατριβής αποτελεί η διερεύνηση της οικονομικής αποδοτικότητας εναλλακτικών στρατηγικών προσυμπτωματικού. Η προσέγγιση της υπόθεσης εργασίας επιτευχθεί με την ανάπτυξη μαρκοβιανών υποδειγμάτων τα οποία εξέτασαν την αποτελεσματικότητα και το κόστος εννέα εναλλακτικών στρατηγικών προσυμπτωματικού ελέγχου στην Ελλάδα. Οι στρατηγικές ελέγχθηκαν με ενναλακτικές προσεγγίσεις των βασικών παραμέτρων τους όπως η πρωταρχική μέθοδος, το διάστημα επανελέγχου, τα ηλικιακά όρια του πληθυσμού-στόχου και το επίπεδο συμμόρφωσης. Οι αναλύσεις διεξήχθησαν υπό την οπτική του συστήματος υγείας και βασίστηκαν ως επί το πλείστων στην κλινική μελέτη HERMES (HEllenic Real life Multicentric cErvical Screening), για τις κλινικές και επιδημιολογικές παραμέτρους των υποδειγμάτων και σε δεδομένα της κοινωνικής ασφάλισης για τις τιμές των παρεμβάσεων υγείας και των ιατρικών πράξεων. Δεδομένης της απουσίας δεδομένων σχετικά με το κόστος διαχείρισης της νόσου χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ευρωπαϊκά δεδομένα τα οποία μετατράπηκαν σε ελληνικές σχετικές τιμές με την χρήση των Δεικτών Τιμών Καταναλωτή (Consumer Price Index, CPI) ιατροτεχνολογικών υπηρεσιών και προϊόντων και των δεικτών Ισοτιμίας Αγοραστικής Δύναμης (Purchasing Power Parity, PPP). Τέλος, για τον έλεγχο της αξιοπιστίας των αποτελεσμάτων διεξήχθη μια σειρά από ντερμινιστικές (one way sensitivity analyses) και πιθανολογικές αναλύσεις ευαισθησίας (probabilistic sensitivity analyses). Η αποτελεσματικότητα των στρατηγικών προέκυψε ότι μεγιστοποιείται με τις 4 στρατηγικές (HPV test ταυτόχρονη γονοτύπηση, HPV test μετέπειτα γονοτύπηση, συνδυασμός κυτταρολογικής εξέτασης & HPV test μετέπειτα γονοτύπηση, συνδυασμός κυτταρολογικής εξέτασης & HPV test ταυτόχρονη γονοτύπηση,) οι οποίες προσφέρουν HPV test με γονοτύπηση ανά 3 έτη και απευθύνονται σε γυναίκες 25-69 με πλήρη συμμόρφωση στον έλεγχο (100%). Οι στρατηγικές αυτές δύνανται να μειώσουν την επίπτωση της νόσου σε γυναίκες 25-85 ετών κατά 24,5% σε σχέση με την τρέχουσα πρακτική (7,64 περιστατικά/100.000 γυναίκες, 95% CI 7,56 – 7,69 έναντι 10,12, 95% CI 9,99 – 10,26) και κατά 34,9% σε σχέση με της χαμηλότερης αποτελεσματικότητας στρατηγικής HPV test χωρίς γονοτύπηση ανά 5 έτη (11,47, 95% CI 11,30 – 11,61). Ο λόγος κόστους-χρησιμότητας της στρατηγικής με HPV test και ταυτόχρονη γονοτύπηση ανά 3 ή 5 έτη σε σχέση με την τρέχουσα πρακτική εκτιμήθηκε στα 3.918€/QALY και στα –162.843€/QALY, αντίστοιχα, αρκετά χαμηλότερα από το συμβατικό όριο των 52.437€/QALY. Η υιοθέτηση ενός προγράμματος προσυμπτωματικού ελέγχου με HPV test και ταυτόχρονη γονοτύπηση ανά 3 ή 5 έτη για γυναίκες 25-69 ετών αποτελεί μια οικονομικά αποδοτική επιλογή η οποία βελτιώνει τις εκβάσεις υγείας των γυναικών και βελτιστοποιεί την κατανομή των πόρων που επενδύονται στην πρόληψη του καρκίνου του τραχήλου της μήτρας στην Ελλάδα.

scholarly journals Integration of Republica Moldova to the EU: Real Conditions and Perspectives (the 1990ʼs of the 20th – early of the 21st century)

2018 ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Halyna Melnychuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

This article presents important steps and achievements accomplished by the Republic of Moldova towards integration, by analysing its collaboration with the European Union.  The development of relations with the EU is the priority goal that Moldova strives for, which means not only economic, but also political and cultural integration.  The first steps of the Republic of Moldova towards the EU were encouraging.  After years of isolation, this process was difficult and required a lot of efforts.  This is due to many reasons, the most important of which are Russia's political and economic pressure, theunresolved issue in Transnistria, the ideological and geopolitical schisms of the population, some of which see their future with Russia, and the other part with Europe.  Despite the existing problems, cooperation with the EU has yielded tangible results: the EU-Moldova Association Agreement has been signed, the visa regime has been abolished and financial support for the socioeconomic and public sectors is provided.  Moldova, for its part, is making great efforts to form a single political, economic and cultural educational space with the EU, which supports its efforts in the process of European integration.  Its speed and success largely depend on the country itself, its economic and political development.  A strong statepolicymaking aimed at strengthening reforms and stimulating the transition to a market economy in accordance with the international principles is inherent in the future development of Moldova. Keywords: Republic of Moldova, European Union,European Integration, foreign policy, Transniestrian conflict

scholarly journals Empirical analysis of the determinants of the IPCA for the period of 2000 to 2011: an approach based on a SVAR model

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Boldrine Abrita ◽  
Eliane Cristina De Araújo ◽  
Angelo Rondina Neto
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Svar Model

This study examines empirically the determinants of the Brazilian inflation, measured by the Broad Consumer Price Index (IPCA) and its decomposition, estimating two equations and using an autoregressive model. The database covers the period from January 2000 to December 2011. Five main groups are mentioned as the determinants of inflation: i) Aggregate Demand; ii) Aggregate Supply; iii) Exchange Rate; iv) Salaries and v) Inertia. The evidences reveals that inertia, external factors and the supply conditions overlap the demand in the determination of the Brazilian inflation. Thus, inflation shows to be little sensitive to the level of activity. 

Transforming the Moldovan Prosecution Service: Can the Eyes of the State Become the Voice of the People?

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pearson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Voice

The Republic of Moldova yearns for the embrace of the European Union. But before this can happen, Moldova must first transform its legal institutions to approximate European standards. This article focuses on one of Moldova’s most powerful legal institutions, the Office of the Prosecutor General. It asks whether this office can be transformed from a militarized relic of the Soviet past to a modern prosecution service. Many daunting challenges will have to be overcome, including the spectre of political interference; an overly broad mandate; deep seated public mistrust; the corruption entrenched in Moldova’s legal institutions; and the absence of cross-sector justice reform initiatives.

scholarly journals International Income Inequality: Measuring PPP Bias by Estimating Engel Curves for Food

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 1093-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvild Almås
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Engel Curves ◽  
Penn World Table ◽  
Cross Country

Purchasing power–adjusted incomes applied in cross-country comparisons are measured with bias. This paper estimates the purchasing power parity (PPP) bias in Penn World Table incomes and provides corrected incomes. The bias is substantial and systematic: the poorer a country, the more its income tends to be overestimated. Consequently, international income inequality is substantially underestimated. The methodological contribution is to exploit the analogies between PPP bias and the bias in consumer price index (CPI) numbers. The PPP bias and subsequent corrected incomes are measured by estimating Engel curves for food, an established method of measuring CPI bias. JEL: C43, D31, E31, O11, O12

scholarly journals SOCIAL COHESION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA: REALITIES AND PERSPECTIVES

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
MOCANU Victor ◽  
MALCOCI Ludmila ◽  
MOCANU Angela
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Republic

Strengthening social cohesion is one of the main directions of the Moldova 2030 strategy. At the same time, the Association Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the EU stipulates social inclusion, poverty reduction, social cohesion, sustainable development and improving the quality of life as social policy priorities. This article analyzes the theoretical approaches of the concept of social cohesion and presents the results of sociological research on social cohesion in the Republic of Moldova conducted in 2020. The sample includes 1202 respondents and is representative by place of residence (urban / rural), sex, age, level of education. The qualitative study included interviews with 90 experts, representatives of local public authorities, NGOs and the private sector and 3 focus groups. The research was carried out within the project “Training and strengthening social cohesion in the Republic of Moldova in the context of rapprochement with the European Union”. As key aspects of social cohesion were analyzed: self-identification of the degree of belonging of Moldovan citizens to the Republic of Moldova, perceptions of solidarity with other citizens, social trust, participation and inclusion of citizens in political, social and economic processes. The research results showed that the level of cohesion and social solidarity in the Republic of Moldova is quite low. The COVID-19 pandemic has deepened social distancing, uncertainty about the future, poverty and the marginalization of certain groups of the population and has further contributed to lowering the level of social cohesion.

scholarly journals Transparency of the decision-making process during the Coronavirus pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Irina Ciacir ◽  
◽  
Ecaterina Subina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Republic

2020 is a year of global change. The spread of the COVID-19 virus was an impetus for transformation. The entire globe confronts impediments hard-to-anticipate, but who endangers people’s life. This article refers to the transparency of the decision-making process in the pandemic period. Also, it is explained the communication problems that can appear in complicated situations between the public administration and the citizen. Both the authorities of the European Union, in general, and of the Republic of Moldova, in particular, encounter social problems, which must be resolved in a very short period. Many decisions must be made promptly and unforeseen. It is important that this process does not affect the quality of public services provided and does not infringe on the rights of citizens. Thus, the decision-making process must be transparent and accessible to citizens

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF POST COVID-19 PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gorobievschi ◽  
◽  
Tudor Costru ◽  
Raisa Puia ◽  
Alina Ungureanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Special Role ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic

The phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the whole globe, the consequences of which are long lasting and difficult to estimate. The Republic of Moldova, being a developing country, could not overcome these serious consequences, caused by the reduction of public health, the reduction of the work capacity of the population, the deplorable condition of the medical system, caused by small investments in health, etc. Human society has been put to hard tests of survival of patients with this virus, the incidence rate of diseases was about 11%. Thanks to the financial aid of the European Union, Romania and other countries, the Republic of Moldova managed to cope with things in the fight against Covid. This article presents the results of the research of the authors, participants of the national project "Assessment of health of post – COVID - 19 patients in the Republic of Moldova", which aimed to develop the Electronic Register of patients with Covid - 19 (March 2020 - June 2021), which will allow monitoring the process of treatment and recovery of the consequences of this disease, by assessing the state of health and quality of life both at admission and at discharge of the respective patients. Based on the concept of quality of life as a socio-economic category and its interconnections with health, the authors proposed the system of medical indicators to assess the health and quality of life of patients affected by covid. In the authors' opinion, a special role in the treatment and treatment of comorbidities belongs to comorbidities, so the authors selected them as separate study subjects to prove their negative impact on the form of the disease and the state of health and quality of life at discharge of patients.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of factors upon tourism revenue in Jordan

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Moayyad Shakra ◽  
Yuriy Davydovich Shmidt
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tourism Revenue

This article examines Jordan’s tourism revenue over the recent years. Tourism is a substantial source of national revenue and significantly contributes to the flow of foreign currency for the development of national economy. The economic theory claims that tourism revenue is affected by a wide range of factors. The article explores the impact of consumer price index and number of tourists upon Jordan’s tourism revenue. In the course of this study, the author used the statistical data of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund; applied Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL); and conducted necessary diagnostic tests in Eviews 9 software. The research demonstrated that high internal inflation ratios reduce the external demand for tourism services in Jordan, and thus significantly decrease the tourism revenue. Over a long-term, the author determines a negative influence of consumer price index upon tourism revenue in Jordan and the expected positive influence of the number of tourists thereof.  

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