scholarly journals Empirical Research of the Hardiness of the Personality in Critical Conditions of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana KUZIKOVA ◽  
Tetiana SHCHERBAK ◽  
Olena BLYNOVA ◽  
Galina POBOKINA ◽  
Diana DYATCHENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Optimal Experience ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Risk Acceptance ◽  
Personality Hardiness ◽  
Psychological Parameters

Uncertainty and instability haunt us every day in today’s new reality. The purpose is a theoretical justification and empirical study of the hardiness of the personality in critical conditions of life. Psychodiagnostic complex of hardiness is indicated as a factor of personality adaptation. High average and high levels of hardiness are characteristics of an independently developed personality with a high ability to adapt. It has been established that the average level of hardiness contributes to the optimal experience of situations of uncertainty and involves a person’s choice of coping strategies to counteract the new difficulties in professional and personal life. It has been substantiated that respondents who have high rates of hardiness have a higher level of adaptation efficiency. It has been stated that “risk acceptance” as the component of hardiness of participants of the “Work and Travel” program is more pronounced than in the respondents of other samples (t = -1.54). It has been proved that empirical research of semantic psychological parameters of personality hardiness in critical conditions of life allowed to draw significant conclusions. It is noted that the results of the study need to be operationalized in training, educational and developmental and psycho-correctional practices. It is emphasized that the obtained empirical results should be used in the training of applicants for psychological specialties.

How Children Appropriate Themes they Find in Media Products

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Michael Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Picture Books ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Everyday Interaction ◽  
Observation Protocols

Norman Holland theorizes that people seek themes in media which affect them personally and are congruent with topics in their own life's situation. Yet while doing so, individuals try to make sure that they are not confronted with issues that they do not wish to deal with or are emotionally draining. Michail Bakhtin makes similar assertions in his Theory of Appropriation through his research on the influence that language has on the ideas of being to be true to oneself (“ownness”) and to becoming a stranger to oneself (“otherness”). An empirical study of these hypotheses is supported through a collection of 80 observation protocols of pre-schoolers made during their everyday interaction with different forms of media (picture books, cassette tapes, made for TV-movies). Both claim that the connection between personal life topics and media themes as well as the self-preserving reception process, were confirmed in this study.

scholarly journals Personal Life, Pragmatism and Bricolage

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social World ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Link Structure ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
Social Legitimation

Individualisation theory misrepresents and romanticises the nature of agency as a primarily discursive and reflexive process where people freely create their personal lives in an open social world divorced from tradition. But empirically we find that people usually make decisions about their personal lives pragmatically, bounded by circumstances and in connection with other people, not only relationally but also institutionally. This pragmatism is often non-reflexive, habitual and routinised, even unconscious. Agents draw on existing traditions - styles of thinking, sanctioned social relationships, institutions, the presumptions of particular social groups and places, lived law and social norms - to ‘patch’ or ‘piece together' responses to changing situations. Often it is institutions that ‘do the thinking’. People try to both conserve social energy and seek social legitimation in this adaption process, a process which can lead to a ‘re-serving' of tradition even as institutional leakage transfers meanings from past to present, and vice versa. But this process of bricolage will always be socially contested and socially uneven. In this way bricolage describes how people actually link structure and agency through their actions, and can provide a framework for empirical research on doing family.

scholarly journals Literatuurgeschiedschrijving én empirische literatuurwetenschap?

1970 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Daan Vandenhaute
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
First Time

The empirical study of literature might be tolerated as a discipline, withinliterary studies it remains an unknown, peripheral possibility, that has to dealwith a lot of scepticism and ignorance. Often it is associated with sheer quantitativeresearch, only focusing, moreover, on the contemporary. In this articleI try to show that the empirical approach also can be applied for the study ofliterary history, with attention paid to qualitative aspects. I demonstrate thisby means of empirical research I have done into the Swedish first time poetsof the 1970s. I point out that the empirical study of literature is conceived ofas a methodology that is applied within a specific theoretical framework, thesystemic study of literature.

scholarly journals Psychological aspects of ensuring the efficiency of professional activity of a project engineers

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 22041
Author(s):  
Оlena Khokhlina ◽  
Lubov Pomytkina ◽  
Lada Yakovytska ◽  
Oksana Lych ◽  
Denys Khokhlin
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Individual Style

The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical research of the problem of psychological aspects of ensuring the efficiency of professional activity of a Project Engineers in the context of the theory of general and special abilities, the need to take into account the general and individual-typological in the mental development of the subject of labor. The importance of considering professional skills in connection with the intellectual readiness of the subject to the activity and individual style of its implementation is theoretically substantiated. The empirical study revealed the presence of correlations between the efficiency of professional activity, psychological readiness and individual style of activity. The most referent in the description of the professional skills of project engineers are the time of labor tasks performance and individual style of activity, and the organizing factor in the unity of these indicators is the generalization of mental activity, which forms the core of intellectual readiness for work. Correlation analysis of the data allowed us to identify the presence of clear links between: 1) the efficiency of activity by time indicator and ISA: the more ISA corresponds to the reference method, the less time is spent on solving the labor task, and vice versa; 2) between ISA and intellectual readiness for activity; the higher the level of complexity of labor tasks, the higher the level of correlation between these phenomena.

Discussion

2011 ◽  
pp. 316-331
Author(s):  
Peter Busch
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
It Knowledge ◽  
Skilled Staff ◽  
Over Time

One must, after reading the above two quotes, make up one’s own mind as to the composition of tacit knowledge, for it seems Cavusgil et al., (2003) are certainly not discussing the same tacit knowledge as von Krogh et al. (2000). The tacit knowledge studied herein is more akin to that discussed by the latter set of authors, that is to say a form of knowledge that is passed through what Nonaka and colleagues have labelled socialisation in intimate person to person settings. In time the organisation builds up a stock of such soft knowledge, which is lost when staff leave and not replaced again either until further skilled staff arrive, or the ones remaining acquire it through experience over time. Whilst earlier work in this empirical study examined the phenomenon of tacit knowledge in depth (including a multitude of definitions as revealed in Appendix A), what was ultimately settled upon for the empirical research in this study was that of articulable implicit managerial IT knowledge.

On hostile design: Theoretical and empirical prospects

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rosenberger
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Critical Commentary ◽  
Public Areas

Instances of ‘hostile design’ appear across urban space, aimed at pushing particular behaviour – and, ultimately, particular people – out of public areas. But notions of hostile design and related concepts require theoretical clarification. Empirical study is also urgently needed on how such designs influence attitudes, behaviours and health, with implications for cities’ approaches to everything from homelessness to heatwave relief. This critical commentary reviews the main examples of hostile design, considers what, at minimum, must be addressed by theoretical accounts of this phenomenon, and identifies empirical research projects that are just waiting to be performed.

scholarly journals Form Follows Content: An Empirical Study on Symbol-Content (In)Congruences in Thematic Maps

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Silvia Klettner
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Geographic Space ◽  
Shared Set ◽  
Context Specific

Through signs and symbols, maps represent geographic space in a generalized and abstracted way. Cartographic research is, therefore, concerned with establishing a mutually shared set of signs and semiotic rules to communicate geospatial information successfully. While cartographers generally strive for cognitively congruent maps, empirical research has only started to explore the different facets and levels of correspondences between external cartographic representations and processes of human cognition. This research, therefore, draws attention to the principle of contextual congruence to study the correspondences between shape symbols and different geospatial content. An empirical study was carried out to explore the (in)congruence of cartographic point symbols with respect to positive, neutral, and negative geospatial topics in monothematic maps. In an online survey, 72 thematic maps (i.e., 12 map topics × 6 symbols) were evaluated by 116 participants in a between-groups design. The point symbols comprised five symmetric shapes (i.e., Circle, Triangle, Square, Rhomb, Star) and one Asymmetric Star shape. The study revealed detailed symbol-content congruences for each map topic as well as on an aggregated level, i.e., by positive, neutral, and negative topic clusters. Asymmetric Star symbols generally showed to be highly incongruent with positive and neutral topics, while highly congruent with negative map topics. Symmetric shapes, on the other hand, emerged to be of high congruence with positive and neutral map topics, whilst incongruent with negative topics. As the meaning of point symbols showed to be susceptible to context, the findings lead to the conclusion that cognitively congruent maps require profound context-specific considerations when designing and employing map symbols.

MARKETING TOOLS USED BY THE SHARING ECONOMY PLATFORMS IN TOURISM: THE SPECIFIC ROLE OF PRICES

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Teresa Skalska
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Utility Index ◽  
Product Utility ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose. Analysis of the method of using price as a marketing tool on the example of selected cities with strong tourist function (empirical study); indication of other non-price ways of gaining competitive advantage (e.g. quality, scope of additional services) – based on empirical research, secondary sources and market analysis. Method. The article was based on the deductive approach and the results of the empirical study of offers placed by: 3* hotels, Airbnb hosts and Interhome in three metropolitan centres with developed tourist functions (Warsaw, Krakow, Prague). On the basis of the average price for 1 night (μ) and the product utility index (ή), the synthetic coefficient was calculated showing the price-to-utility relationship and allowing comparison of the price of services including the elements contained therein. Findings. The results of the empirical study allow to use two measures of price competitiveness assessment and the use of price as a marketing tool by selected service providers: the average price per night spent by the guest (μ) and the product utility index for the customer (ή). The research allowed to show the use of price as a tool of marketing impact in the area of sharing economy in tourism. Research and conclusions limitations. The sample contains all offers that meet the established criteria. The study fully reflects the situation in three selected metropolitan centres. Practical implications. The article has no direct practical implications, although the presented method and formulated conclusions can be used to improve price analysis tools in the area of tourism, taking into account the sharing economy. Originality. In the current research, the problem of using prices as a marketing tool in the area of sharing economy in tourism is rarely undertaken. Type of paper. The article presents both theoretical concepts and the results of empirical research.

Motivations, Epistemological Considerations, Concepts of Literature, and Aims of Research in the Empirical Study of Literature in the United States and Germany

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Elrud Ibsch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Radical Constructivism ◽  
Demarcation Line ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
American Tradition

Assuming that at present the hermeneutic and the empirical paradigm in literary studies are dominant and competing perspectives of research, two questions arise: 1) are the empirical programs of the American and the European (especially German) tradition compatible? To answer this question it appears necessary to look carefully at the motivation, the epistemological foundation, the concept of literature and the aims of research in both traditions. One of the results of the inquiry is that the demarcation line which separates hermeneutic and empirical research is less pronounced in the American tradition. 2) The question is discussed whether “Radical Constructivism” as discussed by S. J. Schmidt and E. von Glasersfeld is a unifying epistemological concept that can take away not only the differences between the empirical programs of Schmidt and Bleich but also the schism between hermeneutics and empiricism.

scholarly journals Representation of value and meaning in the structure of vandalism: an empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Kirill V. Zlokazov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to predicting and preventing urban vandalism. In the article described current state of research on structure of vandalism – motives, attitudes, ideas. It is shown that the activity approach can serve as a theoretical basis for study of the internal plan of vandal actions. On its basis, a theoretical model is determined, including the motive of vandalism and the ideas that regulate its implementation. These are the subjective value of vandal action and value that subject attaches to vandal action. The organisation, procedure and results of empirical research are described. Using a sample of young people living in 106 Russian cities (n = 650 people), we study the relationship between subjective ideas about the ability to commit a vandal act, its motives, attributed value and meaning. The results show that there is a conjugate effect of these representations on subjective ability to behave like a vandal. Their interpretation shows the presence of opposite approaches to the assessment of vandalism – from rejection to acceptance.

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