scholarly journals Acceptability of complementary porridge enriched with crickets (Acheta domesticus) among women of reproductive age in Alego- Usonga Sub-County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 18066-18082
Author(s):  
DO Aboge ◽  
◽  
MA Orinda ◽  
SO Konyole ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Sub Saharan

Protein-energy malnutrition is common among children of under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. This is mainly attributed to poor complementary foods and feeding practices, which are often cereal-based and characterized by low nutrient density. Soybean is commonly used to enrich complementary foods, nonetheless, its prospects for use as a rich source of protein and minerals is limited by its low protein digestibility and bioavailability of minerals, costly production and contribution towards environmental degradation. Crickets provide cheap and sustainable source of protein and other nutrients, and holds the potential for substituting soybean in complementary porridge formula. To evaluate acceptability of complementary porridge enriched with crickets, Famila complementary porridge flour, a composite of maize, wheat and defatted soybean was enriched with cricket flour by substituting soybean with cricket flour at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%. Four porridges were prepared from the flours and coded as CP, CPB1, CPB2 and CPB3, respectively. A total of 40 semi-trained women evaluated the porridges on colour, taste, aroma, texture, mouth-feel and overall acceptability on a 9 -point hedonic scale. The overall acceptability of the porridges were as follows; CP (8.5±0.72), CPB1 (7.08±0.94), CPB2 (5.75±1.53) and CPB3 (3.60±1.95). Control porridge (CP) was highly rated in all sensory attributes while CPB3 was rated the lowest in all the attributes. Unlike CP, the overall acceptability of CP1, CPB2 and CPB 3 improved with experience in insect consumption, age and level of education. The ratings for colour, aroma and taste of cricket-based porridges were higher among women aged30 years and above, and those with post-primary education. The most accepted cricket-based porridges were CPB1 and CPB2. Enrichment of Famila complementary porridge with cricket flour affected its sensory attributes which were perceived differently by the women. This informs the need for both low and high substitution levels to cater for their diverse preferences.

scholarly journals Female Nutritional Status across the Life-Span in Sub-Saharan Africa. 1. Prevalence Patterns

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Leslie ◽  
Elizabeth Ciemins ◽  
Suzanne Bibi Essama
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Nutritional Studies

This article reviews and synthesizes existing nutritional studies that provide gender-disaggregated data from sub-Saharan Africa. The analytic focus is on female nutritional status across the life-span. However, it was found that available data are biased towards preschool children and women of reproductive age. As in other economically disadvantaged parts of the world, the two most prevalent nutritional deficiencies among females in sub-Saharan Africa are iron-deficiency anaemia and protein-energy malnutrition. In comparison with other regions of the world, sub-Saharan African females seem to be nutritionally better off than females in South Asia, but as malnourished as, or more malnourished than, females elsewhere. Indirect indicators of nutritional status, such as birthweight and maternal mortality, suggest that the nutritional situation of women in Western Africa is poorer than that of women in Eastern and Southern Africa. In comparison with males in sub-Saharan Africa, however, no consistent pattern of female nutritional disadvantage was found.

Preconception Care in Sub Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Prevalence and Its Correlation With Knowledge Level Among Women in Reproductive Age Group

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Woldeyohannes ◽  
Yohannes Tekalegn ◽  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
Desta Erkalo ◽  
Zeleke Hailemariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preconception Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Abstract BackgroundThe aim of the preconception care (PCC) is to promote the health of women in the reproductive age before the conception in order to reduce preventable poor pregnancy outcomes. Although there are several published primary studies from Sub Saharan African (SSA) countries on PCC, they do not quantify the extent of PCC Utilisation, Knowledge level about PCC and the association between them among women in the reproductive age group in this region. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled utilisation of PCC, Pooled knowledge level about PCC and their association among women in the reproductive age group in Sub Saharan Africa.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, Science Direct, Hinari, Google Scholar and Cochrane library were systematically searched for literature. Additionally, the references of appended articles were checked for further possible sources. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the included studies. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate pooled the prevalence of PCC, knowledge level of PCC and their correlation among reproductive aged women in Sub-Saharan African countries.ResultsOf the identified 1593 articles, 20 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled utilisation of PCC and good knowledge level towards PCC among women of reproductive age group in Sub Saharan Africa were found to be 24.05% (95% CI: 16.61, 31.49) and 33.27% (95% CI: 24.78, 41.77), respectively. Women in the reproductive age group with good knowledge level were two times more likely to utilize the PCC than the women with poor knowledge level in Sub Saharan Africa (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.16, 4.76). ConclusionIn SSA Countries, the utilisation of PCC and knowledge towards PCC were low. Additionally, the current meta-analysis found good knowledge level to be significantly associated with utilisation of PCC among women in the reproductive age. These findings indicate that, it is imperative to launch programs to uplift knowledge level about PCC utilisation among women in reproductive age group in SSA countries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex. A. Rich.) Harms.) Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Taofeek T. Adegboyega ◽  
Michael T. Abberton ◽  
AbdelAziz H. AbdelGadir ◽  
Mahamadi Dianda ◽  
Busie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Institute ◽  
African Yam Bean ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sphenostylis Stenocarpa

African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex. A. Rich.) Harms) is an annual legume with the capacity to produce bean seeds in a pod and produce tubers with varying seed patterns and colors. It is suggested to have the potential to significantly boost food security in sub-Saharan Africa due to its considerable nutritional qualities but still yet underutilized. Many farmers show limited interest in its production owing to limited knowledge of its nutritional profile, income generation capacity for small-holder farmers’, processing, and other related utilization concerns. This study evaluated the proximate and antinutrient composition of processed and unprocessed seeds of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex. A. Rich.) Harms.). Seeds were harvested from the experimental research field consisting of 50 accessions at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. They were divided into two portions; the first was processed by oven drying at 60°C for 24 hours and the second was left raw. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the levels of proximate and antinutrient in the forms in which the samples were analyzed. TSs104 had the highest protein content of 25.08%, while the lowest was TSs68 (20.50%). However, in the unprocessed seed, protein content ranged between 24.93% (TSs38) and 19.13% (TSs11). Both processed and unprocessed seeds had high carbohydrate contents. In processed seeds, TSs9 (62.93%) had the highest percentage and TSs1 (29.64%) recorded the lowest. In unprocessed seed, the percentage ranged between 67.36% (TSs4) and 54.23% (TSs38). The observed variation may suggest possible suitability of seed for various end-use products and targeted breeding programs for crop improvements. In sub-Saharan Africa, this lesser-known legume could be adapted as a promising food crop in combating protein-energy malnutrition.

scholarly journals Sorghum–Insect Composites for Healthier Cookies: Nutritional, Functional, and Technological Evaluation

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Temitope D. Awobusuyi ◽  
Muthulisi Siwela ◽  
Kirthee Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Substitution Level ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Spread Factor

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major health concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Relying on unexploited and regionally available rich sources of proteins such as insects and sorghum might contribute towards addressing PEM among at-risk populations. Insects are high in nutrients, especially protein, and are abundant in SSA. Sorghum is adapted to the tropical areas of SSA and as such it is an appropriate source of energy compared with temperate cereals like wheat. It is necessary to assess whether cookies fortified with sorghum and termite would be suitable for use in addressing PEM in SSA. Whole grain sorghum meal and termite meal were mixed at a 3:1 ratio (w/w sorghum:termite) to form a sorghum–termite meal blend. Composite cookies were prepared where the sorghum–termite blend partially substituted wheat flour at 20%, 40%, and 60% (sorghum–termite blend:wheat flour (w/w). The functional and nutritional qualities of the cookies were assessed. Compared with the control (100% wheat flour), the cookies fortified with sorghum and termite had about double the quantity of protein, minerals, and amino acids. However, with increased substitution level of the sorghum–termite blend, the spread factor of the cookies decreased. There is a potential to incorporate sorghum and termite in cookies for increased intake of several nutrients by communities that are vulnerable to nutrient deficiencies, especially PEM.

MATERNAL HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AND UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY IN ZIMBABWE

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyasha Chadoka-Mutanda ◽  
Clifford O. Odimegwu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

SummaryUnder-five mortality remains a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Zimbabwe is one of the countries in the region that failed to achieve Millennium Developmental Goal 4 in 2015. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which maternal health-seeking behaviour prior to and during pregnancy and post-delivery influences the likelihood of under-five mortality among Zimbabwean children. The study was cross-sectional and data were extracted from the 2010/11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS). The study sample comprised 5155 children who were born five years preceding the 2010/11 ZDHS to a sample of 4128 women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Cox Proportional Hazard regression modelling was used to examine the relationship between maternal health-seeking behaviour and under-five mortality. The results showed that maternal health-seeking behaviour factors are associated with the risk of dying during childhood. Children born to mothers who had ever used contraceptives (HR: 0.38, CI 0.28–0.51) had a lower risk of dying during childhood compared with children born to mothers who had never used any contraceptive method. The risk of under-five mortality among children who had a postnatal check-up within two months after birth (HR: 0.36, CI 0.23–0.56) was lower than that of children who did not receive postnatal care. Small birth size (HR: 1.70, CI 1.20–2.41) and higher birth order (2+) increased the risk of under-five mortality. Good maternal health-seeking behaviour practices at the three critical stages around childbirth have the potential to reduce under-five mortality. Therefore, public health programmes should focus on influencing health-seeking behaviour among women and removing obstacles to effective maternal health-seeking behaviour in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality of Formulated Complementary Foods and their Biological Effects for Tackling Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Wilfred Damndja Ngaha ◽  
Richard Aba Ejoh ◽  
Edith Nig Fombang ◽  
William Dzusuo Tedom
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Sub Saharan

Toddlers malnutrition is a health problem in developing countries like those found in Sub-Saharan Africa. Owing to prevalence of poverty, families are generally not able to afford the commercial complementary foods available in the market stalls, since such complementary foods are imported and made from non-local foodstuffs. In order to overcome these issues, FAO/WHO recommends the use of local foodstuffs in formulation of complementary foods and defines the virtues that the complementary foods should possess. In this light, researchers in Sub-Saharan Africa have proposed several formulations of complementary foods. The present work reviews these research findings on complementary foods available in the Sub-Saharan Africa utilizing the local food materials, the treatment that is required to be meted to such food ingredients, nutritional quality of formulated complementary foods and ultimately their biological effects. The limitations of the research work, if any, has been highlighted and the means to take such research forward that would be helpful in the production and commercialization of cost-effective complementary foods possessing requisite nutritional quality and biological effects as per dietary norms laid down by competent authorities.

5. HIV AND WOMEN: THE AFRICAN EXPERIENCE

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
D. A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
First Line ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Sub Saharan

Africa as a continent has been devastated by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Women are more likely to acquire HIV/AIDS for a number of reasons and incidence studies show that younger women are particularly at risk of HIV acquisition. Biologically, they are more vulnerable and the acquisition of HIV can be influenced by hormonal contraceptives as well as sexually transmitted infections, which are often more asymptomatic than is the case for men. Women in Africa are also more vulnerable because of cultural issues; in some countries polygamy is accepted practice. Women are often economically disadvantaged and disempowered. It is often hard for them to insist on the use of condoms with husbands and regular partners. Physical and sexual abuse of women, including rape, remains a major problem on the continent, particularly in times of civil war. Many women are forced to work as sex workers or be involved in transactional sex in order to survive. Most countries rely on anonymous antenatal surveys to generate HIV seroprevalence data for women of reproductive age. These data is often used as surrogate markers for HIV prevalence rates in men of a similar age. The seroprevalence of HIV among pregnant women differs remarkably around the continent, with the highest rates being seen in Southern Africa, as high as 30%, and much lower rates being seen in West Africa. These reasons underlying these differences are complex and not completely understood. UNAIDS estimated in 2005 that 470�000 (87%) of the world's 540�000 newly infected children (<15 years old) reside in Sub-Saharan Africa. Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is thus a national priority in many Sub-Saharan African countries. Despite policies, treatment is sometimes not given at the clinic level for several reasons, and when it is, most commonly it is with single dose Nevirapine. Data from South Africa has shown that both mothers and infected babies rapidly acquire nevirapine resistance. It is likely that this will lead to early failure of first line antiretroviral (ARV) therapy among these mothers once they start their ARVs. In South Africa, for example, either efavirenz or nevirapine form the backbone of the first-line ARV regimens. AIDS defining illnesses (ADIs) in women living in Africa are similar to those observed in men. Tuberculosis is the most common ADI but other life-threatening illnesses such as cryptococcal meningitis are relatively common compared to other parts of the world. Cervical cancer and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions are more common in HIV-infected than in non-infected women. Most countries in Africa do not have cervical screening programmes and, even in richer countries such as South Africa, the national policy is to screen women three times in their life at 30, 40 and 50 years of age. Many HIV specialist centres, with additional donor funds, are now attempting to perform annual cervical screening, at least in South Africa.

Protein Energy Malnutrition in Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-257
Author(s):  
Foluke Onaleye
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Information Technology ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Sub Saharan

The current management to prevent Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is examined and the use of technological tools such as Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems and mobile solutions are employed to prevent the development of PEM and its complications. Implementation of technological solutions in healthcare is a critical factor in achieving better health outcomes as documented in some parts of the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is behind on the adoption of electronic health records and other health information technology solutions due to several challenges such as lack of funding and infrastructure required to implement its use. Recent studies show that Sub-Saharan Africa is slowly gravitating towards adoption of health information technology particularly EHR systems and mobile solutions because of the need to find solutions to its healthcare crisis. Development of a PEM prevention system using these tools to enhance the current management will improve patient health outcomes and decrease the mortality rate of PEM.

Association between type of contraceptive use and haemoglobin status among women of reproductive age in 24 sub-Saharan Africa countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Gebremedhin ◽  
Anteneh Asefa
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan

BackgroundLittle is known whether contraceptive methods differentially modify women’s risk of anaemia or not. We compared the haemoglobin status of women currently using different fertility regulation methods in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where anaemia is a major concern.MethodsWe conducted the study based on the secondary data of 24 nationally representative demographic and health surveys carried out recently in SSA. The data of 105 532 women were included in the analysis. In the original surveys, respondents were selected using multistage sampling techniques and haemoglobin was determined using the HemoCue analyser. The association between method of contraception and anaemia status was determined via a mixed-effects logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders. The outputs are presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI.ResultsThe mean (±SD deviation) haemoglobin was 12.3 (±1.7) g/dl and 36.7% of the women had anaemia. Current use of modern contraceptives, as compared with non-use, was associated with a 25% reduction (AOR=0.75 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.78)) in the odds of anaemia. Comparison among individual modern methods showed, as compared with current barrier methods users, use of injectables (AOR=0.62 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.67)), oral contraceptive pills (OCP) (AOR=0.62 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.66)) and implants (AOR=0.63 (95% CI: 0.58 to 0.70)) were significantly associated with reduced odds of anaemia. With reference to women with less than 12 months of use, the odds were significantly reduced by about a quarter among women with more than 12 months of OCP or injectables use.ConclusionThe use of hormonal contraceptives is associated with lower odds of anaemia.

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