scholarly journals Effect of processing method on the proximate composition, mineral content and antinutritional factors to taro (Colocasia esculenta, L.) grown in Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (57) ◽  
pp. 7383-7398
Author(s):  
T Adane ◽  
◽  
A Shimelis ◽  
R Negussie ◽  
B Tilahun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Underutilized Crop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Dense Product ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition ◽  
Fermented Products

Although taro is widely grown in Ethiopia, it is an underutilized crop and little is known about its proximate and micro-element composition and the antinutritional factors of the raw, boiled and fermented products. Boiling and fermentation processing techniques are widely used in the country, especially within the rural community of the Southern region where the crop grows widely. A cultivar of taro grown in the country was analyzed for proximate and mineral composition and antinutritional factors. An investigation was also made on the effects of boiling and fermentation on the nutritional contents. Protein, fat, fiber, total ash and utilizable carbohydrates, respectively were found to be 6.43, 0.47, 2.63, 4.82 and 85.65%, while the Gross Energy was 372.55 Kcal/100g. The contents of the micronutrients namely:Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca, Na, P and Mn were 5.86, 43.08, 7.24, 45.23, 13.81, 7.77 and 3.61mg/100g, respectively. Phytate for the raw product was 115.43 while oxalate and tannin were 243.06 and 47.69 mg/100g, respectively. Cyanide was not detected in all the samples. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the contents of the proximate and mineral composition and antinutritional factors during boiling and fermentation. The protein content was lower by 9.37% and 8.46%, respectively, in the boiled and fermented products, under the sampling and processing conditions used in the study. The crude fat content was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the crude fat content of the boiled product which was 0.87%. On the other hand, analysis of variance conducted showed that the fiber content of raw sample was significantly different from the fermented samples. Fermentation resulted in a lower level of fiber which was 6.44% and phytates of about 84.75%. Boiling of taro resulted in a higher value of oxalate (70.9%). The data presented in this paper provide an evidence of the potential of Boloso I (which is one variety of taro) to serve as a nutrient dense product for the Ethiopian population provided that the techniques of its processing are optimized.

COMPARAISONS DE TROIS CEREALES DE PRINTEMPS ET DE CERTAINS DE LEURS CULTIVARS RECOLTES EN VERT ET A LA MATURITE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
P. GERVAIS ◽  
C. A. ST-PIERRE ◽  
F. LOISELLE
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Organic Constituents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Dough Stage

Three spring cereals and nine of their cultivars were compared over a period of 3 yr for the production of forage and grains. No significant difference was found in the yields of forage (soft dough stage) between cultivars within a given species except for barley where Birka yielded less than the other cultivars. No significant difference was recorded in the yields of grains between cultivars within oats, wheat, two-rowed barley or six-rowed barley. For the whole experiment, the six-rowed barley produced the highest yields of grains and belonged to the first group for the production of forage. Within a species, the forages produced by the cultivars did not vary significantly in their organic constituents or in their mineral composition except for a few elements. The fat content was higher in oats than in wheat and barley, but the hemicellulosis content was higher in barley than in the two other cereals. Wheat contained less Ca, K, Mg and Na than oats and barley while oats has more Na and Mn than barley. The cultivars of the three main spring cereals recommended for grain production in Quebec are also adapted, except Birka, for forage production.Key words: Oat, wheat, barley, forage, grains, yield, quality

scholarly journals Nutrient Composition, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Components of Processed Wild Cocoyam (Caladium Bicolor, (Ait) Vent)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
M. D. Udo ◽  
G. D. Eyoh ◽  
C. P. Jimmy ◽  
U. E. Ekpo
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Processing Techniques

In the subtropic and perhaps worldwide a novel plant Caladium bicolor (wild cocoyam, Ikpong Ekpo) has not actually been utilized as food for man, livestock or poultry, though in abundance. Also, the effective utilization of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) tubers in livestock and poultry feed is limited by the presence of anti-nutrient components which requires some form of processing. The effect of boiling and soaking on gross energy, mineral composition, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) and proximate composition of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait), Vent) were determined with the aim of investigating its suitability as a feed ingredient. The soaked, raw and boiled tubers were dried, milled and analyzed for chemical compositions. Crude protein contents of raw and processed Caladium bicolor tubers range were 7.58% - 8.28% and the crude fibre values ranged between1.92 - 2.12%. The gross energy value of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was higher (2.85kcal/g) and also statistically similar (p>0.05) to both raw and soaked Caladium bicolor tubers. The micro and macro mineral composition of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to soaking method. Values obtained for boiled Caladium bicolor tubers were significantly (p<0.05) lower in all the toxic substances determined, except for the HCN content being above the tolerable limit for ruminant animals. The results indicate that processing techniques adopted enhanced the proximate composition, caloric components, mineral contents and significantly (p>0.05) lowered in the level of anti-nutrients present in wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait). Vent) tubers with boiling being the best and hence the recommended processing method for use in detoxifying C. bicolor.

scholarly journals Proximate, Antinutrients and Mineral Composition of Raw and Processed (Boiled and Roasted) Sphenostylis stenocarpa Seeds from Southern Kaduna, Northwest Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uche Samuel Ndidi ◽  
Charity Unekwuojo Ndidi ◽  
Abbas Olagunju ◽  
Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Francis Graham Billy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Sphenostylis Stenocarpa

This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate composition, level of anti-nutrients, and the mineral composition of raw and processed Sphenostylis stenocarpa seeds and at examining the effect of processing on the parameters. From the proximate composition analysis, the ash content showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between the processed and unprocessed (raw) samples. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in the levels of moisture, crude lipid, nitrogen-free extract, gross energy, true protein, and crude fiber between the processed and unprocessed S. stenocarpa. Analyses of the antinutrient composition show that the processed S. stenocarpa registered significant reduction in levels of hydrogen cyanide, trypsin inhibitor, phytate, oxalate, and tannins compared to the unprocessed. Evaluation of the mineral composition showed that the level of sodium, calcium, and potassium was high in both the processed and unprocessed sample (150–400 mg/100 g). However, the level of iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium was low in both processed and unprocessed samples (2–45 mg/100 g). The correlation analysis showed that tannins and oxalate affected the levels of ash and nitrogen-free extract of processed and unprocessed seeds. These results suggest that the consumption of S. stenocarpa will go a long way in reducing the level of malnutrition in northern Nigeria.

Proximate and mineral composition of field peas

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Warkentin ◽  
A. G. Sloan ◽  
S. T. Ali-Khan
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

Field pea seeds from 10 cultivars grown at two locations in Manitoba in 1986 and 1987 were analyzed for proximate and mineral profiles. Cultivars differed significantly in their level of total protein, crude fat, ADF, and all minerals tested. However, differences were not extremely large and were comparable to European reports. Location-year also had a significant effect on the levels of total protein, ADF, and all minerals tested. In most cases, the warmest location-year produced relatively higher levels of minerals, ash, and total protein, and lower seed yield than the coolest location-year. Key words: Field pea, Pisum sativum L., mineral

Choline requirement of the preruminant lamb during the first two or three weeks of life

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Al-Ali ◽  
NM Malouf ◽  
DM Walker
Keyword(s):  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Butter Oil ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Replacers

Preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 1-2 days at the start of the experiment, were bottle-fed on milk replacers containing casein as the sole source of protein for an experimental period of 15-21 days. Choline-deficient diets were used in experiment 1 to determine the effect on the performance of the lambs of thc dictary protein concentration (10, 15 and 25% protein energy), and in experiment 2 of different sources of fat (butter oil, maize oil or lard), unsupplemented, or with supplements of choline chloride or L-cystine. Supplements of choline chloride decreased liver fat content and decreased urinary creatine excretion, irrespective of dietary protein concentration or source of dietary fat. Ira general, urinary ammonia excretion increased as the sulfur amino acid content of the diets increased, but there were interactions with the source of fat, so that although sulfur intake remained constant ammonia excretion was higher with diets containing lard than with those containing maize oil or butter oil. The effect of the supplements of 1,-cystine on liver fat content and urinary creatine excretion was not significantly different from that of the unsupplemented choline-deficient diets. In experiments 3 and 4 a choline-deficient diet with 25% protein energy and butter oil as the source of fat was supplemented with graded amounts of choline chloride. Energy intake was ad libitum, or restricted to 80% of ad libitum. When the lambs were fed ad libitum there was a significant decrease in liver fat content even with the smallest supplement of choline chloride (c. 9 mg MJ-1 gross energy), but no significant effect when energy intake was restricted. Since liveweight gains and nitrogen balances were unaffected by the presence or absence of the choline supplements it was concluded that in milk replacers containing 25% protein energy from casein, with butter oil as the source of fat, supplementation with choline chloride to provide 9 mg MJ-1 gross energy (233 mg kg-1 dry matter) would be sufficient to prevent the increased deposition of fat in the liver during the 6rst three weeks of life.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Mineral Composition of Iron Ore Sinter Based on Comprehensive Image Processing Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-wei Guo ◽  
Bu-xin Su ◽  
Zhen-long Bai ◽  
Jian-liang Zhang ◽  
Xin-yu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter ◽  
Processing Techniques

scholarly journals Influence of production system, age an sex on carcass parameters and some biochemical meat quality characteristics of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.)

Rangifer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Sampels ◽  
Jana Pickova ◽  
Eva Wiklund
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Class ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Lipid Class Composition ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carcass Parameters

Carcass composition in reindeer is affected by feed intake and the age and sex of the animal. Studies have also shown that age, sex, carcass trim fat content and total intramuscular fat content (IMF) influence lipid class composition. The aim of this study was to compare lipid class composition and IMF in relation to carcass weight, conformation and trim fat content, and to investigate how these parameters are affected by age, sex and different feed sources. Five groups of reindeer were studied. Two groups of calves were fed two grain-based pelleted feeds with different lipid compositions for approximately two months before slaughter. One of these groups was fed with conventional pellets, and the other with pellets enriched with linseed cake to increase the amount of n-3 fatty acids in the diet. Three groups of grazing reindeer were also included in the study, consisting of adult males, adult females or calves. Reindeer calves fed pellets had higher slaughter weights, higher trim fat content and better carcass conformation scores compared to the grazing calves. However, there was no significant difference in IMF between pellet-fed and grazing calves. Adult female reindeer had the highest and grazing calves the lowest slaughter weights, trim fat and IMF. There was no difference in lipid class composition in meat from calves fed with the two pelleted feeds, whereas grazing calves had a higher amount of phospholipids. Squalene was identified and quantified as a component of intramuscular lipids in reindeer meat. Effekt av produktionssystem, ålder och kön på slaktkroppskvalitet och några biokemiska egenskaper hos renköttAbstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Slaktkroppssammansättningen hos renar påverkas av både foderintag, fodersammansättning och djurens ålder och kön. Tidigare har vi visat att renens kön, ålder, mängden intramuskulärt fett (IMF) och putsfett på slaktkroppen påverkar sammansättningen av lipidklasser. Syftet med denna studie var att jämföra lipidklassammansättningen och IMF i relation till slaktkroppens vikt, form och mängden putsfett och att undersöka hur dessa parametrar påverkas av renarnas kön, ålder och olika typer av foder (bete och pellets). Fem grupper renar ingick i studien (totalt 38 djur). Två grupper kalvar utfodrades med två sorters pellets med olika fettsammansättning under två månader före slakt. Den ena gruppen fick normala pellets (CPD) (Renfor Bas) medan den andra gruppen fick pellets som hade en tillsats av linfrökaka (LPD) för att öka mängden n-3 fettsyror i fodret. Dessutom ingick tre grupper betesdjur i studien: vajor, sarvar och kalvar. Utfodring med pellets gav slaktkroppar med bättre klassning, högre slaktvikter och mer putsfett jämfört med slaktkroppar från betande kalvar. Vajorna hade de högsta och betande kalvar de lägsta slaktvikterna, minst putsfett och lägst halt av IMF. Utfodringen med pellets gav ingen signifikant skillnad i IMF mellan betande och utfodrade renkalvar. Vi fann ingen skillnad i lipidklassammansättning mellan de två utfodrade kalvgrupperna, men köttet från de betande kalvarna hade en högre halt av fosfolipider. Vi kunde också identifiera och kvantifiera squalen som en komponent i intramuskulärt fett i renkött.

Value for milk production of artificially dried forages as cobs and pellets

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Milne ◽  
E. F. Thomson ◽  
R. C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Basal Ration

SUMMARYTwo experiments were conducted to compare the milk-producing value of dried forages in the form of cobs and pellets as replacements for a standard dairy concentrate. Four levels (0·33, 0·44, 0·55 and 0·66 kg/kg milk) of dried forage or standard dairy concentrate were offered in addition to a basal ration of 6 kg hay and 2 kg standard dairy concentrate. In both experiments the rate of eating by the cows of cobs was significantly slower (P<0·05) than that of pellets. No significant difference was found between the cobs and pellets in either experiment in their value for milk production. In Experiment 2 the standard dairy concentrate had a non-significantly higher (P>0·05) milk-producing value than the dried lucerne. Level of feeding had a significant positive effect on the milk yield (P< 0·001) of cows offered the dried grass and lucerne and on the milk solids- not-fat content (P<0·05) and live weight (P<0·01) of cows offered the dried grass, lucerne and standard dairy concentrate.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of breast and thigh muscle of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) under intensive fattening conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Jůzl ◽  
Pavel Suchý ◽  
Eva Straková ◽  
Lucie Rusníková ◽  
Miroslav Macháček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Chukar Partridge

The aim of our study was to evaluate the nutritional value of the breast and thigh muscle of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) under intensive fattening conditions. Commercial feeding mixtures for broilers were used. Live weight of 60 partridges (birds were not sexed) was controlled during 90 days of fattening. After the fattening was finished, 30 birds were selected to monitor the carcass yield. Breast and thigh muscle were used for chemical analysis of crude protein (Kjeldahl method), total lipids (fat analyser ANKOMXT10), ash (Muffle furnace - 550° C) and gross energy (calorimetry). Average values ​​of live weight were increasing in the course of fattening; at the end of fattening the live weight reached 0.452 kg. The carcass yield, breast muscle yield and thigh yield were evaluated (73.72%, 18.09%, 20.80%, respectively). Chemical analysis showed a highly significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) between the breast and thigh muscle for crude protein, fat, ash and gross energy. The ash content demonstrated a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between the breast and thigh muscle. This study brings new data on the nutritional value of the meat of chukar partridge that can be used for reccomendation of a suitable feeding mixture.

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