How Do Consumers Perceive Cultured Meat in Croatia, Greece, and Spain?

The meat production industry is one of the leading contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. Cultured meat presents itself as a potential eco- and animal-friendly meat substitute which has the potential to eradicate animal cruelty and reduce both the environmental footprint and the risk of zoonotic illnesses, while delivering a nutrient-dense product. The purpose of this study was to investigate how consumers perceive cultured meat and if the frequency of meat consumption is related to their intention of trying or purchasing cultured meat. Data were collected online in 2020 from Croatia, Greece, and Spain. Among the 2007 respondents, three segments were identified according to meat consumption and variety, plus an a priori identified group of “non-meat eaters”. Sixty percent perceived cultured meat as kind to animals, 57% as unnatural, 45% as healthy and environmentally-friendly, 21% as disgusting, and only 16% as tasty. Although 47% of the respondents had not heard of cultured meat before, 47% would taste it and 41% would purchase it for the same price as conventional meat. This indicates that consumers from Croatia, Greece and Spain might be likely to purchase cultured meat if sold at an affordable price.

IBM POWER9 Systems, Shock Simulation and Testing Validation

At IBM Systems, developing reliable and robust designs of supercomputers is critical to IBM’s vision and continuing its leadership in our industry. Shorter development cycle time, increasingly dense product designs, along with advanced design features create real challenges in predicting structural performance of servers, such as the recently refreshed IBM Cognitive Systems’ POWER9 portfolio of servers. Both 4U and 2U versions have DDR4 RDIMM’s, POWER9 HLGA processor modules, PCIe Gen3 and Gen4 slots, blowers, hard drives, and internal storage controller slots. To meet IBM shipping standards to ensure POWER9 system’s reliability and design robustness, ANSYS Mechanical and LS-Dyna FEA models were developed and physical tests were conducted. The ability to apply accurate predictive engineering methods using simulation early in the design cycle predicted the structural performance of the servers and shortened its development time, reduced number of physical builds, and therefore, reduced development cost.

Chaotic diffeomorphism on manifold (smooth manifold)

In this paper we concern in studying chaotic homeomorphisms deals with study and investigate of chaotic homeomorphisms on smooth manifolds. For connections more precisely to chaotic diffeomorphisms maps on smooth manifolds. New relation between diffeomorphism an chaotic, transitive, dense and nowhere dense in smooth manifolds have been found. Product of two diffeomorphisms dense maps on smooth manifold is dense. Product of two chaotic maps on smooth manifold is chaotic. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.017

Study of ingredients and nutrient composition of commercially available treats for dogs

Forty-one dog treats were selected from the market with the aim of providing more insight into supplemental pet food composition. Thirty-two products (four biscuits, nine tender treats, two meat-based strips, five rawhides, eight chewable sticks, four dental care sticks) were analysed for proximate nutrient composition and quantification of minerals, hydroxyproline (Hyp), starch, glucose, fructose and sucrose. Labelled ingredients were often expressed as non-specific categories. A treat supplied a mean of 332.0±39.2 kcal metabolisable energy (ME)/100 g, and the most energy-dense product was a tender treat (475.0 kcal ME/100 g). Small dogs receive the highest percentage of maintenance energy requirement when producers’ feeding instructions are followed. Treat categories revealed variability in dry matter, crude protein, ash, Hyp and starch. Rawhides showed the highest Hyp content. Simple sugars were identified in most treats, and sucrose was the most prevalent. Results of the study suggest treat labelling should include more information on the ingredients used, and the varying nutrient and caloric density of treats should be considered. Specific attention should be given to the use of treats in dogs with specific ingredient sensitivities or nutrient considerations.

Impact of spiral separator geometrical parameters on the density separation of various fine-grained materials

The study aims at the assessment of the impact of geometrical parameters of spiral separators on the efficiency of density separation of fine-grained materials. Experiments were carried out on three spiral separators: Krebs 2.85, Reichert LD-4 and Reichert LG-7. Three materials were used for the tests: raw coal, coal waste and mix of sand and magnetite as the model material. Results of raw coal and coal waste upgrading showed that density separation was most efficient in Reichert LD-4 spiral. This is due to the fact that this device had the highest amount of coils, height of sluice as well as was equipped with additional dense product collector and additional water sluice for transport water. The lower slope of sluice and larger height made separation even more efficient. Analysis of separation of model material, that is the mix of sand and magnetite, showed that in this case the existence of additional water sluice does not have an impact on product separation and best results were obtained in the Reichert LG-7 spiral separator. The shape and width of sluices did not have a significant impact on the separation process.

Effect of processing method on the proximate composition, mineral content and antinutritional factors to taro (Colocasia esculenta, L.) grown in Ethiopia

Although taro is widely grown in Ethiopia, it is an underutilized crop and little is known about its proximate and micro-element composition and the antinutritional factors of the raw, boiled and fermented products. Boiling and fermentation processing techniques are widely used in the country, especially within the rural community of the Southern region where the crop grows widely. A cultivar of taro grown in the country was analyzed for proximate and mineral composition and antinutritional factors. An investigation was also made on the effects of boiling and fermentation on the nutritional contents. Protein, fat, fiber, total ash and utilizable carbohydrates, respectively were found to be 6.43, 0.47, 2.63, 4.82 and 85.65%, while the Gross Energy was 372.55 Kcal/100g. The contents of the micronutrients namely:Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca, Na, P and Mn were 5.86, 43.08, 7.24, 45.23, 13.81, 7.77 and 3.61mg/100g, respectively. Phytate for the raw product was 115.43 while oxalate and tannin were 243.06 and 47.69 mg/100g, respectively. Cyanide was not detected in all the samples. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the contents of the proximate and mineral composition and antinutritional factors during boiling and fermentation. The protein content was lower by 9.37% and 8.46%, respectively, in the boiled and fermented products, under the sampling and processing conditions used in the study. The crude fat content was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the crude fat content of the boiled product which was 0.87%. On the other hand, analysis of variance conducted showed that the fiber content of raw sample was significantly different from the fermented samples. Fermentation resulted in a lower level of fiber which was 6.44% and phytates of about 84.75%. Boiling of taro resulted in a higher value of oxalate (70.9%). The data presented in this paper provide an evidence of the potential of Boloso I (which is one variety of taro) to serve as a nutrient dense product for the Ethiopian population provided that the techniques of its processing are optimized.

Preparation and Characterization of MM’Si4N6C Ceramics

The preparation of high temperature ceramics simultaneously containing silicon, nitrogen and carbon has only relatively recently become an area of interest for inorganic crystal chemists, and the recent discovery of a new series of carbonitrides with the general formula MM’Si4N6C is of interest because of the good high temperature properties they appear to display. On the one hand, M and M’ can be the same trivalent metal - either rare earth or yttrium; in this case, the resulting compounds display orthorhombic (pseudo-hexagonal) structures. Alternatively the metals may be a mix of di- (Ca,Sr, Ba) and tri-valent (Y,Ln) cations, in which case the carbon is replaced by nitrogen, and the overall symmetry is hexagonal. Other quaternary nitrides of a similar type can be produced if the two metal cations remain trivalent and one of the silicon atoms is replaced by aluminium. The present study describes the preparation of powder samples of Y2Si4N6C and LaYSi4N6C starting from YH2, La, Si3N4 and carbon precursors, and summarises attempts to achieve a dense product by hot-pressing at 1700-1800oC. Some preliminary mechanical property measurements are included.

The Replacement of Titanium by Zirconium in Ceramics for Plutonium Immobilization

ABSTRACTZirconates and titanates, based on the nominal baseline composition developed for the Plutonium Immobilization Project (PIP), have been prepared with and without process impurities. The titanates form pyrochlore as the major phase and the zirconates form a defectfluorite. Little, if any, of each impurity is accommodated in the defect-fluorite and powellite, kimzeyite, a spinel and a silicate glass appear as extra phases in this ceramic. In the titanates the pyrochlore incorporates more impurities, with the remainder being accomodated in zirconolite and a small amount of silicate glass. At extremly high levels of impurities, traces of magnetoplumbite, perovskite, and loveringite were found. The defect-fluorite zirconate phase is more radiation damage resistant than the titanate pyrochlore, though the secondary phases in the zirconate will reduce the radiation damage resistance of zirconate monoliths. To produce a dense product the oxide-route zirconate required sintering temperatures of about 1550°C, 200°C higher than that required for the titanate. Silicate impurities reduce the sintering temperatures.

Cytochemical detection of superoxide in cerebral inflammation and ischemia in vivo

We used a cytochemical technique for the detection of superoxide in cerebral inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion in anesthetized cats. The technique is based on the oxidation of Mn2+ to Mn3+ by superoxide; Mn3+, in turn, oxidizes diaminobenzidine. The oxidized diaminobenzidine forms an osmiophilic electron-dense product that is detected by electron microscopy. The reagents, manganese chloride (2 mM) and diaminobenzidine (2 mg/ml), were placed topically on the brain surface of anesthetized cats equipped with cranial windows. Inflammation was induced by topical carrageenan with or without phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate to activate leukocytes. In inflammation, superoxide was detected in the plasma membrane and in the phagocytic vacuoles of leukocytes. In ischemia-reperfusion, superoxide was identified in the meninges in association with blood vessels. It was located primarily in the extracellular space and occasionally in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. In both inflammation and ischemia, the reaction product was eliminated by superoxide dismutase or by the omission of either manganese or diaminobenzidine. It was unaffected by sodium azide, which inhibits peroxidases. No superoxide was detected in the brain parenchyma. The findings confirm the generation of superoxide is cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and show that it is produced in cerebral vessels.