Development of Mechanical Engineering: State and Prospects

Author(s):  
L.I. Kushnarev

The paper seeks to intensify innovation-driven development of Russian mechanical engineering enterprises and industries. The results of combined administrative and technological investigations unambiguously indicate the necessity and feasibility of restructuring the existing industrial system into large mechanical engineering companies and complexes. Integrating the efforts of every company department should ensure maintaining a competitive quality level and restoring the volume of engineering production, diversifying and modernising the manufacturing processes. Practical implementation of the investigation results in terms of substantiating the directions and steps involved in innovation-driven development will ensure not only high efficiency of introducing them into mechanical engineering and machine utilisation, but also the desired technological breakthrough in production, science and education

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Andraž Bradeško ◽  
Lovro Fulanović ◽  
Marko Vrabelj ◽  
Aleksander Matavž ◽  
Mojca Otoničar ◽  
...  

Despite the challenges of practical implementation, electrocaloric (EC) cooling remains a promising technology because of its good scalability and high efficiency. Here, we investigate the feasibility of an EC cooling device that couples the EC and electromechanical (EM) responses of a highly functionally, efficient, lead magnesium niobate ceramic material. We fabricated multifunctional cantilevers from this material and characterized their electrical, EM and EC properties. Two active cantilevers were stacked in a cascade structure, forming a proof-of-concept device, which was then analyzed in detail. The cooling effect was lower than the EC effect of the material itself, mainly due to the poor solid-to-solid heat transfer. However, we show that the use of ethylene glycol in the thermal contact area can significantly reduce the contact resistance, thereby improving the heat transfer. Although this solution is most likely impractical from the design point of view, the results clearly show that in this and similar cooling devices, a non-destructive, surface-modification method, with the same effectiveness as that of ethylene glycol, will have to be developed to reduce the thermal contact resistance. We hope this study will motivate the further development of multifunctional cooling devices.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Alexey Osipov ◽  
Vyacheslav Savinykh ◽  
Natalya Makarenko

We consider the socio-humanitarian problems of the formation of innopolises and science cities in Russia in the XXI century, including the impact of socio-cultural preferences on the formation of these types of localizations. The key role of young scientists in achieving the success of science and education centers is stated. It is pointed out that the inhibiting factor here is the decline of work ethic and the realities of the labor market in the form of the insufficient prestige of a researcher in the professional preferences of young people.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-293
Author(s):  
Oleksandr PAKHARENKO

Introduction. High efficiency of functioning of network business structures, in comparison to traditional forms of entrepreneurship organization, their adaptability and mutual interest of all participants of relations in achieving the goal, led to a great interest in the network form of entrepreneurship organization by scientists and their practical implementation. The purpose of the article is to clarify the essence of the term «network structure» based on the definition of its essential features and associative concepts from the standpoint of institutional, collaborative and coordination approaches. Results. The semantic network was constructed as the analysis result of the concept of «network structure» using the content analysis method implemented in the software product TextAnalyst that characterizes the key categories that are related to the essence of the concept of network business structure. It is determined that associative concepts of network structure are: organization, interaction, association, management structure, a form of management, coordination, cooperation, alliance, structured population, integration, corporate structure, relations, coalition. Using the content analysis three approaches to explaining the essence of the concept «network business structure» were distinguished: institutional (according to which the network structure is considered as the organizational structure of the company), collaborative approach (network structure as a system of interconnections between structural elements) and coordination approach (network structure as a form of managing peer-to-peer entities to achieve common business goals). Conclusions. Based on the integration of selected approaches to explaining the essence of the concept under the network business structure, it is proposed to understand the hybrid form of interaction of business structures that operate on the basis of quasi-integration forms of control in order to achieve a synergistic effect in the realization of common economic interests. The proposed concept, unlike the existing ones, is based on a comprehensive consideration of the stages’ peculiarities of network forms development of business activity and reflects the essential features of an institutional, collaborative, coordination approach in the functioning of business structures. Keywords: network structure, hybrid structure, management, coordination, cooperation, quasi-integration.


Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Ghobadpour ◽  
Ali Amamou ◽  
Sousso Kelouwani ◽  
Nadjet Zioui ◽  
Lotfi Zeghmi

This paper deals with the design of an energy management strategy (EMS) for an industrial hybrid self-guided vehicle (SGV), considering the size of a fuel cell (FC) stack and degradation of a battery pack. In this context, first, a realistic energy model of the SGV was proposed and validated, based on experiments. This model provided a basis for individual components analysis, estimating energy requirements, component sizing, and testing various EMSs, prior to practical implementation. Second, the performance of the developed FC/battery SGV powertrain was validated under three EMS modes. Each mode was studied by considering four different FC sizes and three battery degradation levels. The final results showed that a small FC as a range extender is recommended, to reduce system cost. It is also important to maintain the FC in its high efficiency zones with a minimum ON/OFF cycle, leading to efficiency and lifetime enhancement of FC system. Battery SOC have to be kept at a high level during SGV operation, to support the FC during SGV acceleration. In order to improve the SGV’s overall autonomy, it is also important to minimize the stop and go and rotational SGV motion with appropriate acceleration and deceleration rate.


Author(s):  
Angelos P. Markopoulos ◽  
Christos Hadjicostas ◽  
Dimitrios E. Manolakos

Micromachining comprises manufacturing processes that are in the forefront of contemporary industry. The need for high efficiency, high precision, better quality and lower cost makes the study of these processes and the phenomena of the micro regime that accompany, e.g. the size effect, of great importance. The quite popular for modeling manufacturing processes Finite Element Method is applicable in micromachining, too. However, assumptions and simplifications need to be made in order to provide a realistic simulation. In the present paper a numerical simulation using the Third Wave AdvantEdge® software is presented. A FEM model of micromachining of AISI 1045 is used for a parametric analysis of the simulation of micro-cutting. The effect of cutting conditions and tool geometry are investigated and size-effect theories are tested with the aid of the numerical model. From the analysis several useful conclusions are drawn.


2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kawa ◽  
Adam Penczek ◽  
Stanisław Piróg

Abstract The paper treats about main problems of one phase DC-AC microinverters that allow single solar cell to be joined with the grid. One of the issues is to achieve high voltage gain with high efficiency in DC circuit, which is necessary for proper operation of inverter. The operating principles, results of practical implementation and investigations on boost-flyback converter, which meets mentioned demands, are presented. (high step-up DC-DC boost-flyback converter for single phase grid microinverter)


2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1184-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Abou Elmaaty ◽  
Eman Abd El-Aziz

This review highlights the great role of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid technology in textile dyeing processes. The unequivocal physical characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide are presented and further researched to continue the development of high efficiency, compact dyeing to save energy and water in manufacturing processes. This review also focuses on the solubility of the dyes in scCO2 as well as the application of the technology to both synthetic and natural fabrics. Some factors relating to the economics of sustainable scCO2 technology are also outlined.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Valeriia Dykan ◽  
Oleksandr Pakharenko ◽  
Volodymyr Saienko ◽  
Andrii Skomorovskyi ◽  
Tetiana Neskuba

The article aimed to develop a methodology for monitoring the quality level of the synergistic effect of enterprises' economic activity in business network interaction on the example of mechanical engineering in Ukraine. Using the expert assessments of 386 senior and middle managers of 27 mechanical engineering enterprises of the Kharkiv region and the main components' method, the components of qualitative parameters of the synergetic effect of economic activity result from network interaction have been determined. An additive econometric model has been developed to calculate the integrated indicator of enterprises' economic activity's synergetic effect in terms of the business network of the studied enterprises. Using Fibonacci rules, the levels of qualitative component components and the integrated indicator of the synergy of economic activity in the context of a single network partner are determined.


2020 ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
E. I. Deza ◽  
L. V. Kotova ◽  
D. L. Model

The article deals with the theoretical foundations, methodological features and practical problems of teaching discrete mathematics to future teachers of mathematics and computer science in terms of integrative-modular approach to the organization of the educational process. In particular, the multilevel system of purposes of continuous teaching discrete mathematics according to the scheme “school — bachelor — master” is constructed. The role of discrete mathematics in the modern world, science and education is analyzed. The necessity of introduction to the basic questions of discrete content line of schoolchildren and students is justified. The place of discipline “Discrete Mathematics” in the system of modern domestic general and higher education is revealed. Methodical expediency of development and implementation in the pedagogical practice of continuous learning methods of discrete mathematics in the system “school — bachelor — master” on the basis of integrative-modular approach to the organization of the educational process is justified. Based on the basic provisions of the competence approach, guided by the principles of fundamentality, continuity, integrativeness, professional orientation and modularity, a multi-level model of subject competencies — a system of goals for teaching discrete mathematics to future teachers of mathematics and computer sciences has been developed. The issues of practical implementation of the developed method are considered.


Author(s):  
H. I. Kulesh

On the well-known jurists’ publications from the 1920s – 1930s their priority role in creating and streamlining Belarusian legal terminology in comparison with philologists’ role was identified. It shows the active participation in the Belarusization of legal science and education, except for the natives of Belarus, and legal specialists invited to work in the BSSR because of the lack of their own personnel. The features of practical implementation of basic principles of creating the dictionary of legal terminology developed by the Scientific and Terminology Commission under the People’s Commissariat of Education of the BSSR are clarified, changes in attitude to these principles during specified time are tracked depending on changes in linguistic ideology in the BSSR.


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