Islamophobia and the Ethics of Media: A Cross-Cultural Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soma Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Globalising World

The paper seeks to understand how media in the globalising world has contributed to the creation, advocacy as well as reactions to Islamophobic sentiments, resulting cultural boundaries and stereotypes across the world. Functionally, Islamophobia is a shorthand term referring to the “dread or hatred of Islam” and therefore a “fear and dislike of Muslims”. The paper systematically reveals how “Islamophobia” which is itself an irrational attitude, is socially constructed with the aid of the media. While on one hand the media erects the supporting walls of Islamophobia, on the other, it also provides a platform for its criticism and reactions. The paper also sheds light on how media representations of terror attacks serves in “educating” populations of different countries and in creating a “global” sentiment. Yet, such a global sentiment, as the paper shall reveal, does not integrate the cultures; rather it widens the gap. However, if media persons instead choose to take up the issue as a moral responsibility, they can even bridge this gap and help in applying a curative balm on the global sentiment.

scholarly journals Mask Up: Exploring Cross-Cultural Influences on Mask-Making Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 0887302X2110127
Author(s):  
Kim H. Y. Hahn ◽  
Gargi Bhaduri
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
The World ◽  
India And China

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, people from around the world made numerous homemade masks for themselves and their community due to shortage of medical masks as well as to stop the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of the current study was to conduct cross cultural exploration of the reasons for making masks, self-construal and wellbeing associated with masks making by collecting data from residents across US, India, and China. The finding of this study presented different reasons for making masks as well as self-construal, and wellbeing in people who made masks versus those who did not. Differences were also observed among three different cultural groups. This study offers a unique contribution to the public health research engaging in craft making related activities to gain a better perspective of the state of health of a population and the understanding of cross-cultural study of craft making behavior during the pandemic.

scholarly journals The Othering of Islam in a European Context

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Creutz-Kämppi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Context ◽  
The World

Abstract Media representations of Islam mostly appear in the Finnish media in connection with events in other parts of the world. In this context, Islam is often treated as something distant and ascribed the role of the Other. These representations function as definers for collective categorizations, having an impact on which categories for self-identifications are relevant in specific cases. The aim of the present article is to discuss othering discourses on Islam in Swedish-language dailies in Finland on the basis of the debate following the cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad. These discourses build upon a broader tradition of othering and have a great deal in common with medieval representations, thus the othering of Islam in a historical perspective is also briefly discussed.

Bridging or Widening the Gap? Narrative Discourses of the West and Westerners in Jordan’s My American Neighbor Television Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-445
Author(s):  
Sumaya Kubeisy ◽  
Bradley C. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Media Representation ◽  
Television Show ◽  
The West ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media

Media researchers have often examined how film and television can have an impact on audiences. Media have various effects on audience members. When it comes to representing ‘the other’, the media often rely on stereotypes. Research has shown that ethnic Arabs are under-represented in US film and television, and their depictions are distorted with stereotypical portrayals. The current study joins the discussion on ‘media representation’ (in this case, informed by the construct of Occidentalism) by conducting a qualitative, thematic, content analysis (informed by narrative analysis, both socio-linguistic and socio-cultural) of the Jordanian television show My American Neighbor. Stereotypes can be both positive and negative, and they are often used by media storytellers regardless of their background or location in the World.

scholarly journals MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS OF IMMIGRANTS IN ITALY: FRAMING REAL AND SYMBOLIC BORDERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (46) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco BRUNO
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
Media Construction ◽  
Central Interest ◽  
Crime News ◽  
The Media

Abstract The “need” to build walls and barriers, restore boundaries, restraining “waves” of refugees and migrants, appears one of the most urgent priorities involving European countries. In Italian media and political debate this theme has been very important in last years also regard a peculiar kind of border, the maritime one, for the centrality acquired by Lampedusa and other coasts, also as symbolic space of construction of relationship with the “Other”. On the other hand, the media defined also “symbolic internal borders”, by focusing on certain themes or images of migrations. The contribution aims to explore and deconstruct the main mechanisms of representation and news-media construction of immigrant image in Italy. Through frame analysis (mostly carried out with qualitative and non-standard methods) will be enlightened three main discursive dimensions: a) the so-called “landing emergency” (as external border); b) the central interest on crime news where immigrants are protagonists, and c) the cultural-religious dimension of immigration (both as internal border).

Security Hostile Attacks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O’Toole ◽  
Dr Stephen Luke ◽  
Travis Semmens ◽  
Dr Jason Brown ◽  
Andrew Tatrai
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
The World ◽  
Sharp Crack ◽  
The Media ◽  
Event Planning ◽  
Or In Government ◽  
New Phenomena

Attacks on people at events and crowds in general are found around the world. It has completely changed the security at events, and event planning as a whole. From cement bollards to bag checks, it is an irritant to every event attendee. The extra security cost of events has risen so high that many events have been cancelled. The celebratory element of the event has been diminished. However it is not the new phenomena that the media seems to assume. Many countries have lived with political/social inspired attacks for years. If a country has hostile neighbours, terror attacks will occur. Regardless of the statistical evidence and the probability of an attack, people are so worried that the sound of a sharp crack in a crowded place can cause panic and a stampede. This chapter describes some of the attacks on crowds at events, and what the security agencies and governments require from those who manage the crowded spaces. It is well to remember that no matter what is written here or in government recommendations, the attackers are ‘free agents’ and can adapt their actions to the conditions trying to prevent them.

A cross-generational and cross-cultural study on demonstration of attentiveness

Pragmatics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeko Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

This paper looks into whether there are any differences in demonstration of attentiveness between different generations and different cultures. By attentiveness I mean a demonstrator’s preemptive response to a beneficiary’s verbal/non-verbal cues or situations surrounding a beneficiary and a demonstrator, which takes the form of offering. When and how often one would demonstrate attentiveness may vary according to such factors as generation and culture. Three groups of people from different generations and different cultural backgrounds (Japanese and Americans) served as the participants (280 people for the questionnaire data and 18 people for the interview data). It was investigated whether there were any differences among the participants in demonstration of attentiveness, in the reasons for demonstration of attentiveness, and in rating degree of imposition to demonstrate attentiveness. It was also examined whether there was any relationship between degree of imposition to demonstrate attentiveness and demonstration of attentiveness; and in which relationship (the relationship between a demonstrator and a beneficiary of attentiveness varied from very familiar to not very familiar at all) attentiveness was demonstrated. The data were collected using a questionnaire with six situations, based on field notes; and the interviews were conducted using the same six situations. The results show that in most situations there were no major differences among the participants in the choice of demonstration of attentiveness and the reasons for it. The participants chose to demonstrate attentiveness in four situations in the questionnaire, because they wanted to be of help to the other party. There was a relationship between degree of imposition to demonstrate attentiveness and demonstration of attentiveness in four situations. Overall, the interview data confirmed the questionnaire data.

Fichte und das Bild des Anderen

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 251-272
Author(s):  
Cristiana Senigaglia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Media ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theory Of The Image ◽  
Present World

In the Doctrine of Science nova methodo Fichte explains the difference between the mirror and the eye. While the former only mirrors without seeing itself by doing it, the eye is in its essential connotation „image for itself“. The capacity of becoming aware of the image as such and of conceiving it as image for itself plays an essential role also in the perception of the other and in the originating process of the intersubjective relationship. The paper first focuses on reconstructing the meaning of the image for the intersubjective relationship and on evaluating whether and how far Fichte’s later elaboration of the theory of the image can be significant for the relationship to the other. Consideration of the different dimensions disclosed by the concept of image can also be helpful in illuminating the potential applications (and possible misuses) of the image of the other, especially in relation to the world of the media. The hypothesis is that Fichte’s conception of the image has a heuristic value also with respect to the image of the other in the present world and opens the way to further developments in the practical-ethical realm.

Ecological Consciousness and the Decline of 'Civilisations': The Ontology, Cosmology and Ideology of Non-equilibrium Living Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-315
Author(s):  
Jonathan Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Social System ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Ecological Consciousness ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Ecological Thinking

AbstractThis article is a discussion of the cosmological and ontological bases of ecological thinking in cross-cultural terms. It is argued that there are two different sources for much of modem ecological thinking. One has its origins in the various developments in systems theory and cybernetics and is rooted in a hard 'engineering' framework. The other, which is the basic focus of this discussion, is based on constructions of 'nature' (not necessarily an explicit category in all societies) as temporally variable, and on the transformation of 'nature' in conditions of crisis. Newer approaches in ecological anthropology have rightly emphasised an understanding of the way nature is socially constructed, as, for example, an autonomous entity, or as totally integrated within other social and personal relations. It is suggested here that ecological thinking is related to the inversion of cosmological relations that occurs in many societies in crisis. Examples of the transformation of expansionist chiefdoms into ecologically more stable yet crisis-ridden egalitarian societies are used to argue that ecological thinking is not a product of a particular kind of society but of a particular condition that develops within societies that enter into crises after an earlier phase of growth and expansion. Modem ecological consciousness is argued to be the same kind of phenomenon, even if it develops in a very different kind of social system - one that reconstructs the 'primitive' societies of the Western periphery as the ecologically moral and balanced world that we have lost rather than the backward world of a previous modernist evolutionism.

scholarly journals Framing the Other: Rethinking Media Representations of Mursi Women’s Display of Gendered Lip-Plated Bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Atuhura
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Media Representation ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
Tourist Gaze ◽  
Alternative Reading

With illustrations drawn from Ilja Kok and Willem Timmers’s documentary Framing the Other (2012), this article rethinks media representation of the contact between Mursi lip-plated women of Ethiopia and Western tourists who come to sightsee and photograph their traditionally modified bodies. The film Framing the Other represents this contact as a destructive force that has not only enabled Mursi women’s victimhood as objects of the tourist gaze, but one that has contributed negative cultural change and loss of tradition. In this article, I provide an alternative, if not oppositional, interpretation that only attends to the nuanced ways Mursi women negotiate cultural loss and change, and recognizes modalities of agential tactics they deploy to negotiate cultural exchange and perform identity work within a cross-cultural contact zone marred with significant inequalities that work to their (dis)advantage. I do not imply that my reading will provide a definitive reading; rather, I reexamine the vanishing tradition and victimhood narratives portrayed in Framing the Other, showing that its multiple layers of meaning in fact motivate an oppositional and alternative reading.

scholarly journals Automatic comparison of global children’s and adult songs supports a sensorimotor hypothesis for the origin of musical scales

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoichiro Sato ◽  
Joren Six ◽  
Peter Pfordresher ◽  
Shinya Fujii ◽  
Patrick E. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Integer ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Children's Songs ◽  
The World ◽  
Musical Scales

Music throughout the world varies greatly, yet some musical features like scale structure display striking cross-cultural similarities. Are there musical laws or biological constraints that underlie this diversity? The “vocal mistuning” hypothesis proposes that cross-cultural regularities in musical scales arise from imprecision in vocal tuning, while the integer-ratio hypothesis proposes that they arise from perceptual principles based on psychoacoustic consonance. In order to test these hypotheses, we conducted automatic comparative analysis of 100 children’s and adult songs from throughout the world. We found that children’s songs tend to have narrower melodic range, fewer scale degrees, and less precise intonation than adult songs, consistent with motor limitations due to their earlier developmental stage. On the other hand, adult and children’s songs share some common tuning intervals at small-integer ratios, particularly the perfect 5th (~3:2 ratio). These results suggest that some widespread aspects of musical scales may be caused by motor constraints, but also suggest that perceptual preferences for simple integer ratios might contribute to cross-cultural regularities in scale structure. We propose a “sensorimotor hypothesis” to unify these competing theories.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document