scholarly journals FROM LANG TO REAVEN History of the First Department of Internal Medicine at Pavlov St Petersburg State Medical University

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Krasilnikova ◽  
YA. V. Blagosklonnaya ◽  
E. I. Baranova ◽  
E. V. Shlyakhto
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Russian Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Metabolic Cardiovascular Syndrome

The review provides evidence that in the early twentieth century the research on the mechanisms of «metabolic cardiovascular syndrome» was started at the Department of Faculty Therapy in Pavlov St Petersburg State Medical University (that was called St Petersburg Women’s Medical University at that time). The investigations were initiated by G.F. Lang, and extended by A.L. Myasnikov, D.M. Grotel, B.V. Ilyinskiy, V.M. Dilman, V.A. Almazov and others, and based on the results they proposed the concept of a cascade of metabolic syndrome and its main components — obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Nowadays, as the continuation of those studies, the first epidemiological Russian study NICA (National Investigation of Cardiovascular Complications in mеtАbolic syndrome) is conducted by the employees of the Department of Faculty Therapy and Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre.

scholarly journals Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Veronica Maria Tagi ◽  
Sona Samvelyan ◽  
Francesco Chiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Main Components

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents is a frequently discussed topic in the literature, uniform guidelines on its definition and treatment are still lacking. Insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension are commonly considered the main components of MetS. The first recommended approach to all these pathological conditions in children and adolescents is lifestyle intervention (diet and physical exercise); however, in some selected cases, a pharmacological or surgical treatment might prove useful for the prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The aim of this review is to present the more recent evidence about the treatment of the major components of MetS in children and adolescents, focussing on the current recommendations concerning lifestyle changes, available drugs, and bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals metabolic syndrome: some results and prospects for solving the problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Чу ◽  
Syaoyan Chu ◽  
Киргизова ◽  
Oksana Kirgizova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Lifestyle changes associated with reduced physical activity, increased caloric content of food and a steady increase in emotional stress load cause potentiation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome combines hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and obesity. Primary systemic insulin resistance and concomitant systemic hyper-insulinemia underlie the pathology. Insulin resistance triggers a vicious cycle of symptoms that lead to the emergence of severe cardiovascular complications. Metabolic cascade can also be initiated by obesity, which in its turn predisposes to the development of hypertension and reduction of the sensitivity of peripheral insulin receptors with subsequent accumulation of excess body weight. Treatment of metabolic syndrome should be pathogenetically substantiated and include antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, anti-thrombotic drugs on the background of a rational diet and lifestyle changes.

scholarly journals Etiopathogenetic parallels and unresolved issues of pathogenesis of comorbidity COPD and metabolic syndrome (review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
Olga V. Voronkova ◽  
Tatyana V. Saprina ◽  
Ekaterina B. Bukreeva ◽  
Anastasia P. Zima
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Main Components

The review analyzes the etiological and pathogenetic factors (including immunopathogenesis factors) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and metabolic syndrome (MS), cites data on clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of combined pathology, emphasizes the commonality of risk factors and individual links of pathogenesis in syntropy.The clinical and pathogenetic features of the comorbidity of COPD and MS are closely related to the severity of chronic “metabolic” inflammation induced by elements of adipose tissue. Functional and biochemical disorders recorded in metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia) are considered as factors contributing to dysfunction of the components of innate and adaptive immunity.The review formulates a number of unresolved issues of the pathogenesis of comorbid pathology, the study of which is necessary to search for the mutual aggravating effect of COPD and MS mechanisms. In view of the clinical and laboratory metabolic syndrome equivalents variety, the authors emphasize the relevance of future studies of the pathogenetic features of chronic inflammation associated with the comorbidity of the main components of metabolic syndrome and COPD, to develop effective methods of prevention and pathogenetic therapy of comorbid pathology.

scholarly journals Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome in Persons with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepiso K. Masenga ◽  
Fernando Elijovich ◽  
John R. Koethe ◽  
Benson M. Hamooya ◽  
Douglas C. Heimburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Abstract Purpose of Review With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART), the life span of persons with HIV (PWH) has been nearly normalized. With aging, prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), including hypertension, has increased in the HIV population and exceeds that in the general population in some studies. This is due to a combination of traditional risk factors in addition to the effects attributable to the virus and ART. We review recent findings on the mechanisms contributing to MetS and hypertension in PWH, particularly those specific to the viral infection and to ART. Recent Findings Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and chronic immune activation contribute to the development of MetS and hypertension in PWH. HIV proteins and some ART agents alter adipocyte health contributing to dyslipidemias, weight gain, and insulin resistance. HIV infection also contributes to hypertension by direct effects on the RAAS that intertwine with inflammation by the RAAS also contributing to T cell activation. Summary Recent data suggest that in addition to current ART, therapeutic targeting of the MetS and hypertension in PWH, by interfering with the RAAS, treating insulin resistance directly or by use of immunomodulators that dampen inflammation, may be critical for preventing or treating these risk factors and to improve overall cardiovascular complications in the HIV-infected aging population.

scholarly journals Specificities of the treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Il’ina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Psychic Disorders

This paper discusses polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder characterized by hirsutism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Insulin resistance which is considered the major causative factor for both PCOS and metabolic syndrome is emphasized. The early diagnosis of metabolic disorders which increase the risk of cardiovascular complications and the complications of pregnancy (including gestational diabetes and hypertension which may result in preeclampsia and placental abruption) is of particular importance. The presence of metabolic syndrome in PCOS is associated with poor prognosis in terms of fertility and has a negative impact on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization in infertile women with PCOS. When describing treatment approaches, the role of metformin, inositol, folates, vitamin D, and statins in treating metabolic disorders in PCOS and metabolic syndrome, reducing the risks of cardiovascular complications, and realizing fertile function is highlighted. The course of PCOS is complicated by psychic disorders (i.e., depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or eating disorders) which are common in these women and should be considered when prescribing medications. KEYWORDS: polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, infertility, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular complications, inositol, folates. FOR CITATION: Il’ina I.Yu. Specificities of the treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(4):254–259. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-254-259.

scholarly journals Pathogenetic aspects of the development of cholelithiasis in patients with metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Yu. P. Uspenskiy ◽  
Yu. A. Fominykh ◽  
K. N. Nadzhafova ◽  
A. V. Vovk ◽  
A. V. Koshcheev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Main Components

Nowadays there is a steady tendency to increase the number of patients with gallstone disease and metabolic syndrome. Increasingly, gallstone disease is called a non-canonical cluster of metabolic syndrome, because the main components of metabolic syndrome are also modifiable risk factors for gallstone disease. This article discusses the pathogenetic parallels in the development of gallstone disease and metabolic syndrome - insulin resistance and hormones of adipose tissue, lipid metabolism disorders, immune factors and the cytokine system. There are described possible effects of cholecystectomy on metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome – a historical overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szychlińska ◽  
Katarzyna Gontarz-Nowak ◽  
Wojciech Matuszewski ◽  
Katarzyna Myszka-Podgórska ◽  
Elżbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
European Group

Introduction: Although attempts to establish a definition of metabolic syndrome (MS) intensified two decades ago, research into diseases co-occurring with MS was initiated as early as in the 17th century. The breakthrough came in 1988 with a study by Gerald M. Reaven, which combined so far unrelated conditions into X syndrome. In the 20th and 21st century, research focused on providing a definition applicable in clinical practice. Aim: The following overview summarizes the history of MS, from early descriptions to the most recent attempts at defining it. Material and methods: The literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases focusing on history of research on MS, criteria of diagnosis. Results and discussion: Since 1998, while the concept of MS was accepted, the definition has evolved. Since the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance definition was announced, the essential components of diagnosing MS have not changed, they have only been specified to include a greater part of the population. It seems that MS is not only a pathophysiological term, but also a practical-clinical one. When diagnosed, it involves further medical treatment. Conclusions: (1) The definition of MS has evolved, becoming simplified so that it can be used in clinical practice. (2) Main components of diagnosing MS have been specified to include a greater part of the population. (3) It seems that MS is not only a pathophysiological term, but also a practical-clinical one. (4) The construct of MS definition has inherent limitations which impact on its clinical usefulness. (5) The current definition might be subject to more modifications following new research studies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of insulin resistance in obese adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman B. Pulungan ◽  
Ardita Puspitadewi ◽  
Rini Sekartini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
History Of

Background Childhood obesity is a global health problem, withthe prevalence is differed in each country and affected by manyfactors, such as lifestyle and physical activity. Insulin resistance(IR) as a basic mechanism of several metabolic diseases in obesity,is related with metabolic syndrome (MetS) along with its longterm complications, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Several factors are known to be associated with IR, and thepresence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) has an important meaningin predicting IR.Objectives To assess the prevalence of IR, MetS in obeseadolescents and its potentially associated factors, such as gender,signs of AN, and family history of metabolic diseases.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in obeseadolescents, aged 12-15 years, over a two-month period. Fastingblood glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles were measured. Obesitywas defined using body mass index (BMI). Insulin resistancewas quantified by the homeostasis model assessment for IR(HOMA-IR) . Metabolic syndrome was defined according to theInternational Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2007 criteria.Results Of92 obese adolescents, IR was found in 38% of subjects,with females predominating (57.2%). Signs of AN were seen in71. 4% of subj ects and a positive family history of metabolic diseaseswas found in 82.8% of subjects, including family history of obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hypertension. Less than10% of subjects were considered to be in a prediabetic state, andnone had T2DM. No statistical significance was found betweengender, family history, or signs of AN and IR (P>0.05). Metabolicsyndromes was found in 19.6% of subjects, with the fo llowingprevalences for each component: 34.8% for hypertension, 78.3%for central obesity, 8.7% for impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 22.8%for low levels of HDL, and 2 1. 7% for high triglyceride levels. Astrong correlation was found between IR and IFG with OR= 5 .69(95%CI 1.079 ~ 29.993, P= D.04).Conclusion We find a high prevalence ofIRin obese adolescents,and IR increases the risk of prediabetes. Thus, prevention strategies are needed to overcome the long term impact of obesity on health.

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