scholarly journals O PROJETO DE ASSENTAMENTO CONJUNTO TERRANOVA I NA BORDA MERIDIONAL DA AMAZÔNIA MATO-GROSSENSE: efeitos territoriais da ocupação

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 202005
Author(s):  
José Aldair Pinheiro ◽  
Aumeri Carlos Bampi ◽  
Carlos Alberto Franco da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Agriculture Modernization ◽  
The Face

THE TERRANOVA I JOINT SETTLEMENT PROJECT ON THE SOUTHERN EDGE OF MATO GROSSO AMAZON: territorial effects of occupationEL PROYECTO DE ASENTAMIENTO CONJUNTO TERRANOVA I EN EL BORDE MERIDIONAL DE LA AMAZONIA MATO-GROSSENSE: efectos territoriales de la ocupaciónRESUMOO estudo analisa a relação sociedade/natureza e os efeitos territoriais decorrentes do assentamento via colonização oficial-particular na Amazônia, no Projeto Terranova I, na região norte de Mato Grosso. Situado no âmbito das políticas nacionais integracionistas da década de 1970, surgiu como resposta às demandas de campesinos gaúchos e sem-terra, em face dos problemas da modernização da agricultura sulista. A metodologia adotada se apoiou em entrevistas, registro de narrativas e observações de campo. Os resultados apontam que o desmatamento civilizador conduzido pelo pragmatismo economicista ocasionou a total supressão da floresta originária, diminuiu a fauna e adulterou os recursos hídricos na área. O solo, destinado à agricultura familiar, poucos anos depois, teve uso suplantado pela monocultura de pastagens à pecuária bovina extensiva. Registra-se que houve pouco amparo governamental, ausência de assistência técnica e de gestão ambiental, o que potencializou a apropriação com intensa degradação e graves implicações ecológicas e socioeconômicas. Conclui-se que, passadas quatro décadas, o assentamento rural revelou insustentabilidade das práticas produtivas e problemas de fixação do camponês à terra. Palavras-chave: Amazônia; Assentamento Rural; Degradação Ambiental; Fronteira Agrícola.ABSTRACTThe study analyzes the society/nature relationship and the territorial effects resulting from the settlement via official-private colonization in the Amazon, in the Terranova I Project, in the northern region of Mato Grosso. Situated within the scope of the national integrationist policies of the 1970s, it emerged as a response to the demands of gauchos and landless peasants, in the face of the problems of the southern agriculture modernization. The adopted methodology was based on interviews, recording of narratives and field observations. The results show that civilizing deforestation driven by economicist pragmatism caused the total suppression of the original forest, reduced fauna and adulterated water resources in the area. The soil, destined for family farming, a few years later, had its use supplanted by the monoculture of pastures to extensive cattle ranching. It is noted that there was little government support, absence of technical assistance and environmental management, which increased ownership with intense degradation and serious ecological and socioeconomic implications. It is concluded that, after 4 decades, the rural settlement revealed unsustainability of the productive practices and problems of fixation the peasant to the land.Keywords: Amazon; Rural Settlement; Environmental Degradation; Agricultural Frontier.RESUMENEl estudio analiza la relación sociedad/naturaleza y los efectos territoriales resultantes del asentamiento a través de la colonización oficial-privada en la Amazonía, en el Proyecto Terranova I, en la región norte de Mato Grosso. Situada en el ámbito de las políticas nacionales integracionistas de la década de 1970, surgió como respuesta a las demandas de los gauchos y campesinos sin tierra, ante los problemas de modernización de la agricultura sureña. La metodología adoptada se basó en entrevistas, registro de narrativas y observaciones de campo. Los resultados muestran que la deforestación civilizadora impulsada por el pragmatismo económico provocó la supresión total del bosque original, la reducción de la fauna y la adulteración de los recursos hídricos de la zona. El suelo, destinado a la agricultura familiar, unos años más tarde, tuvo su uso suplantado por el monocultivo de pastos a la ganadería extensiva. Se observa que hubo poco apoyo gubernamental, ausencia de asistencia técnica y manejo ambiental, lo que aumentó la apropiación con una degradación intensa y graves implicaciones ecológicas y socioeconómicas. Se concluye que, luego de 4 décadas, el asentamiento rural reveló insostenibilidad de las prácticas productivas y problemas de fijación del campesino a la tierra.Palabras clave: Amazonía; Asentamiento Rural; Degradación Ambiental; Frontera Agrícola. 

Retrospect of Settlement Pattern in Yakutia Based on Analysis of Population Censuses

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Gavrilyeva ◽  
E. A. Kolomak ◽  
A. I. Zakharov ◽  
K. V. Khorunova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Rural And Urban

The article assesses the intensity of transformation of settlement pattern in Yakutia, the largest northern region of Russia, based on an analysis of 1939-2010 censuses and contemporary statistics. Scope of the work includes the following: to assess key socio-economic results of rural and urban settlement pattern transformation in the 20th century, to determine the most persistent primary units of settlement pattern, and to identify current trends in the settlement pattern of Yakutia. The research database was built based on digitization of Federal State Statistics Service in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) population censuses archives. The period under review shows a trend toward larger size of settlements due to two parallel processes: urbanization as a result of industrial development, and compression of rural settlement system due to amalgamation of rural settlements. From 1939 to the present time, Yakutia’s settlement system has been evolving from dispersed type to large settlement type. There were two major waves in the structuring of space in Yakutia. During the first one, caused by industrialization and complete collectivization, shrinking of rural settlement system was accompanied by setup of rural and urban settlements; it started in the 1930s and lasted until late 1950s. The second wave, concurrent with controlled compression of rural settlement pattern as part of elimination of unpromising sovkhoz state farms, was associated with a full-scale development of urban settlement pattern under planned Soviet deployment. Starting from 2002, market mechanisms have changed the direction of development of settlement system and spatial structure of economic activity. Despite several constraints, which include high transportation costs, focal development, key role of mining and resource sector, distinctive features of traditional economies and agriculture, agglomeration processes have gained momentum in the region. Spatial concentration of population is taking place at relatively high rates, primarily in the core of the system - Yakutsk agglomeration. Compression capacity of settlement system in the region is far from being exhausted, as evidenced by behavior of Theil and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices, as well as by average population density of settlements.

The environmental programme for the Danube River Basin

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Rodda
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Danube River ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Danube River Basin

The Programme has the objective of providing a regional approach to environmental management in the Danube River Basin where there is great pressure from a diverse range of human activities. Serious pollution problems exist from urban populations, from industry, and from intensive agricultural practices. Although the water quality of the main Danube river is probably better than the Rhine because of its greater flow, the same is not the case in the tributaries where there the problems are more serious. A factor which makes a compelling case for a regional approach is the deterioration of the Black Sea into which the main Danube river discharges significant loads of nutrients and a range of non-degradable contaminants. The application of limited financial resources will require fine judgement about the high priority pollution sources that will lead to cost-effective improvements. This action, and other technical assistance, also requires a considerable effort to strengthen the organisations having responsibility for environmental management, and to develop effective public participation. The paper emphasises the water pollution problems in the river basin.

scholarly journals Government Policy for the Procurement of Food from Local Family Farming in Brazilian Public Institutions

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Panmela Soares ◽  
Suellen Secchi Martinelli ◽  
Mari Carmen Davó-Blanes ◽  
Rafaela Karen Fabri ◽  
Vicente Clemente-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sustainable Food

This study aims to explore and compare Brazilian public institutional food services’ characteristics concerning the implementation of the government policy for the procurement of food from family farming (FF) and the opinions of food service managers on the benefits and difficulties of its implementation. We conducted a cross-sectional study employing an online questionnaire. The results were stratified by purchase. The Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests were applied. Five hundred forty-one food services’ managers participated in the study. Most claimed to buy food from FF, and this acquisition was more frequent among those working in institutions of municipalities <50,000 inhabitants, and educational and self-managed institutions. Those buying from FF developed more actions to promote healthy and sustainable food. Most recognized that the purchase could boost local farming and the economy and improve the institution’s food. However, the managers believe that the productive capacity of FF, the lack of technical assistance to farmers, production seasonality, and the bureaucratic procurement process hinder this type of purchase. The self-management of food services and the small size of the municipality might be associated with implementing the direct purchase policy from FF, which can contribute to building healthier and more sustainable food systems. However, the lack of public management support and the weak productive fabric may pose an obstacle to its maintenance or dissemination. The strengthening and consolidation of these policies require more significant government investments in productive infrastructure for family farming.

scholarly journals Re-living a Common Future in the Face of Ecological Disaster: Exploring (Elements of) Guarani and Kaiowá Collective Memories, Political Imagination, and Critiques

Human Arenas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Normann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Ecological Disaster ◽  
The Face ◽  
Group Interviews

AbstractHow to re-member a fragmented world while climate change escalates, and green growth models reproduce coloniality, particularly in Indigenous territories? What can be the concrete contributions from different scholarly disciplines to a broader decolonial project? These questions are debated by decolonial scholars who call to re-think our practices within academic institutions and in the fields that we study. This article contributes with a decolonial perspective to sociocultural psychology and studies on Indigenous knowledges about climate change. Through ethnographic methods and individual and group interviews, I engage with indigenous Guarani and Kaiowá participants’ knowledges and practices of resilience opposing green growth models in the Brazilian state Mato Grosso do Sul. Their collective memory of a different past, enacted through narratives, rituals, and social practices, was fundamental to imagine different possible futures, which put in motion transformation processes. Their example opens a reflection about the possibilities in connecting sociocultural psychology’s work on collective memory and political imagination to the broader decolonial project, in supporting people’s processes of re-membering in contexts of adverse conditions caused by coloniality and ecological disaster.

Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne (Orchidaceae: Vanilloideae): notes on taxonomy and geographical distribution

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 490 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
MATHIAS ERICH ENGELS ◽  
ANA KELLY KOCH
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Elusive Species

Vanilla materials collected during botanical explorations in the Northern region of the Mato Grosso State and the South of Pará State, Brazil were identified as V. ribeiroi. An elusive species that was originally described at the beginning of the 20th century, as part of the Rondon Commission. Vanilla ribeiroi is recircumbscribed on the basis of the original and fresh materials, an epitype is designed, and the distribution of the species is extended.

scholarly journals Behavior profile and life habits of men in the face of masculinity / Perfil de comportamento e hábitos de vida de homens frente à masculinidade / Perfil de comportamiento y hábitos de vida de los hombres ante la masculinidad

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Jesus da Hora ◽  
Suzicléia Elizabete de Jesus Franco ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Costa Santos ◽  
Fernando Riegel ◽  
Alisséia Guimarães Lemes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The Face ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
Behavior Profile

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil de comportamento e hábitos de homens frente à masculinidade.  Método: descritivo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, com 61 funcionários masculinos em uma empresa de grande porte num município do Vale do Araguaia, região da Amazônia legal no Mato Grosso, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu por entrevista, a partir do uso do questionário do Ministério da Saúde “Descubra que tipo de homem você é” que foi avaliado por estatística descritiva no programa Epi Info versão 3.5.1. Resultados: constatou-se que 38% raramente consome legumes e verduras; em contrapartida 20% afirmaram consumir doces e alimentos gordurosos diariamente. Sobre o sono, 51% dos entrevistados afirmaram que tem somente até 6 horas de sono por noite. Quanto à atividade física 38% relataram que não praticam, 41% pratica 3 vezes por semana e 21% pratica mais de 3 vezes por semana. Em relação às bebidas de alcoólicas 57% fazem o consumo moderado, e 10% afirmaram serem tabagistas. Com relação à última visita aos serviços de saúde 53% relatam ter realizado há 1 ano, 74% afirmaram que se deslocam ao serviço de saúde somente em caso de doença. Conclusões: observou-se que os homens não aderem à prevenção de doenças e visualizam o serviço de saúde bem como a assistência à saúde como um serviço voltado para ações meramente curativas.Descritores: Comportamento. Hábitos. Homem. Saúde. Masculinidade.

scholarly journals How Cooperative Engagement Programs Strengthen Sequencing Capabilities for Biosurveillance and Outbreak Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Bartlow ◽  
Earl A. Middlebrook ◽  
Alicia T. Romero ◽  
Jeanne M. Fair
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Face ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Etiological Agents

The threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases continues to be a challenge to public and global health security. Cooperative biological engagement programs act to build partnerships and collaborations between scientists and health professionals to strengthen capabilities in biosurveillance. Biosurveillance is the systematic process of detecting, reporting, and responding to especially dangerous pathogens and pathogens of pandemic potential before they become outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. One important tool in biosurveillance is next generation sequencing. Expensive sequencing machines, reagents, and supplies make it difficult for countries to adopt this technology. Cooperative engagement programs help by providing funding for technical assistance to strengthen sequencing capabilities. Through workshops and training, countries are able to learn sequencing and bioinformatics, and implement these tools in their biosurveillance programs. Cooperative programs have an important role in building and sustaining collaborations among institutions and countries. One of the most important pieces in fostering these collaborations is trust. Trust provides the confidence that a successful collaboration will benefit all parties involved. With sequencing, this enables the sharing of pathogen samples and sequences. Obtaining global sequencing data helps to identify unknown etiological agents, track pathogen evolution and infer transmission networks throughout the duration of a pandemic. Having sequencing technology in place for biosurveillance generates the capacity to provide real-time data to understand and respond to pandemics. We highlight the need for these programs to continue to strengthen sequencing in biosurveillance. By working together to strengthen sequencing capabilities, trust can be formed, benefitting global health in the face of biological threats.

scholarly journals Unidades de Conservação no Pantanal do município de Aquidauana-MS: uma análise da evolução do uso da terra e cobertura vegetal e suas implicações / Conservation Units in Pantanal in the municipality (...)

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (42) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Lucy Ribeiro Ayach ◽  
Vitor Matheus Bacani ◽  
Jaime Ferreira Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Eventual Loss ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Advance Production

Diante do avanço da produção econômica no Brasil e os consequentes impactos sobre os recursos naturais, a criação do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação – SNUC, Lei 9.985/2000, determina importantes normatizações e incentivo às medidas de conservação de áreas naturais dos diferentes ecossistemas brasileiros, na busca da difícil compatibilização do desenvolvimento econômico com a proteção à natureza. No estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, município de Aquidauana, as medidas de proteção ambiental são essenciais em virtude das características peculiares do ecossistema Pantanal. Com o objetivo de levantar informações acerca das condições ambientais das Unidades de Conservação no Município de Aquidauana-MS, o estudo propõe uma análise preliminar da evolução do uso da terra e cobertura vegetal das Unidades de Conservação que abrangem a área do Pantanal, referente ao período de 1987 a 2012. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados consistiram no levantamento bibliográfico, cartográfico, iconográfico e da legislação existente, bem como análise da legislação. Os resultados indicam considerável preocupação em relação ao avanço da pecuária e consequente perda da vegetação nativa, implicando na necessidade urgente de monitoramento e  gestão ambiental para medidas de conservação do Pantanal. Palavras-Chave: Pantanal; Unidades de Conservação; Gestão ambiental AbstractAs a result of the economical advance production in Brazil and the consequent impacts on natural resources, the creation of the Conservation Units National System – SNUC, Law 9.985/2000, determinates important regulations and incentive to the conservation rules for natural areas in the different Brazilian ecosystem, seeking to have the difficult compatibility between economical development and the nature protection. In the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, municipality of Aquidauana, the environmental protection measures are essential due to the singular characteristics of the Pantanal ecosystem. Aiming to collect information about the environmental conditions of the Conservation Units in the municipality of Aquidauana-MS, the study proposes a preliminary analysis of the evolution of the land use and vegetal coverage in the Conservation Units that include the wetlands of Pantanal, referring to the periods from 1987 to 2012. The methodological procedures adopted consisted of literature, cartographical and iconographical survey as well as the existing legislation study. The results indicate considerable concern about the cattle breeding rise and eventual loss of the native vegetation, implying the urgent necessity of monitoring and environmental management for Pantanal conservation measures. Keywords: Pantanal; Conservation Units; Environmental Management. 

scholarly journals MOSCAS-DAS-FRUTAS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), SUAS PLANTAS HOSPEDEIRAS E PARASITOIDES (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) NO NORTE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, BRASIL

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Michele Emily Souza da Silva ◽  
Michel Ariquenes Wochner ◽  
Maria do Socorro Miranda de Sousa ◽  
Marliton Rocha Barreto ◽  
Ricardo Adaime da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Northern State ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plastic Containers

As moscas-das-frutas estão presentes em todas as regiões do Brasil e são responsáveis por grandes perdas econômicas em pomares comerciais. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a riqueza de espécies de moscas-das-frutas, suas respectivas plantas hospedeiras e seus parasitoides em municípios da região norte de Mato Grosso. Foram realizadas coletas de frutos de 34 espécies vegetais, de julho de 2016 a novembro de 2017. Os frutos coletados foram acondicionados em recipientes plásticos para observar a emergência das moscas-das-frutas e parasitoides. Foram obtidos 2.709 espécimes de moscas-das-frutas (cinco espécies) e 179 espécimes de parasitoides (três espécies). Este trabalho apresenta os primeiros registros de hospedeiros de moscas-das-frutas para o Mato Grosso. Adicionalmente, os parasitoides Utetes anastrephae Viereck e Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck) são relatados pela primeira vez no Estado.Palavras-chave: Anastrepha; Ceratitis capitata; Relação tritrófica; Amazônia Meridional. FRUIT FLIES, THEIR HOST PLANTS AND PARASITOIDS IN THE NORTHERN STATE OF MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL ABSTRACT: Fruit flies are present in all regions of Brazil and are responsible for large economic losses in commercial orchards. This work aimed to determine the richness of fruit fly species, their host plants and their parasitoids in municipalities in the northern region of Mato Grosso. We collected fruits from 34 plant species, from July 2016 to November 2017. The collected fruits were packed in plastic containers to observe the emergence of fruit flies and parasitoids. We obtained 2,709 specimens of fruit flies (five species) and 179 specimens of parasitoids (three species). This work presents the first records of hosts of fruit flies for Mato Grosso. In addition, the parasitoids Utetes anastrephae Viereck and Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck) are reported for the first time in the State.Keywords: Anastrepha; Ceratitis capitata; Tritrophic relationship; Southern Amazon.

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