scholarly journals DIVERSIDADE DE VÍNCULOS DE TRABALHO DE MULHERES NO CENSO AGROPECUÁRIO BRASILEIRO DE 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 202113
Author(s):  
Otavio Valentim Balsadi ◽  
Dalva Maria da Mota
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Rural Work

DIVERSITY OF WOMEN’S WORK IN THE BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL CENSUS 2017DIVERSIDAD DE VÍNCULOS LABORALES DE MUJERES EN EL CENSO AGRÍCOLA BRASILEÑO DE 2017RESUMOO objetivo do artigo é analisar as diversas formas de inserção das mulheres na estrutura ocupacional brasileira e suas transformações mais recentes, evidenciadas nos dados do Censo Agropecuário 2017. A metodologia consistiu na análise de dados censitários interpretados à luz de estudos de caso realizados no país. As principais conclusões mostram que, entre 2006 e 2017, houve importante redução de pessoas ocupadas na agricultura, com destaque para a menor participação de jovens e de mulheres em decorrência de processos de migração, de rejeição ao trabalho na agropecuária pelas dificuldades e pela penosidade e da decisão de obter outra formação. Mesmo assim, 75,8% da força de trabalho feminino concentra-se em estabelecimentos familiares. Independentemente do local onde trabalham, persistem estereótipos de gênero quanto ao trabalho de mulheres e de homens. Paralelamente, visualiza-se um movimento de mudança, com a tendência para uma maior escolarização e um maior engajamento das mulheres rurais.Palavras-chave: Ocupações; Empregos; Trabalho Rural; Trabalho Feminino.ABSTRACTThe objective of the article is to analyze the different forms of insertion of women in the Brazilian occupational structure and their most recent transformations, according to the Agricultural Census 2017. The methodology consisted of the analysis of Census data interpreted in the light of case studies carried out in the country. The main conclusions show that between 2006 and 2017 there was an important reduction in the number of people employed in agriculture, with emphasis on the lower participation of young people and women as a result of migration processes, rejection of work in agriculture due to difficulties and hardship and the decision to obtain another training. Even so, 75.8% of the female workforce is concentrated in family farms. Regardless of where they work, gender stereotypes regarding the work of women and men persist. At the same time, there is a movement of change with a trend towards a better schooling level and more engagement of the rural women. Keywords: Occupations; Jobs; Rural Work; Women's Work.RESUMENEl objetivo del artículo es analizar las diferentes formas de inserción de las mujeres en la estructura ocupacional brasileña y sus transformaciones más recientes, evidenciadas en datos del Censo Agropecuario 2017. La metodología consistió en el análisis de los datos censales interpretados a la luz de los estudios de caso realizados en el país. Las principales conclusiones muestran que, entre 2006 y 2017, hubo una reducción importante en el número de personas ocupadas en la agricultura, con énfasis en la menor participación de jóvenes y mujeres como consecuencia de los procesos migratorios, rechazo al trabajo en la agricultura por dificultades y penurias y decisión de recibir otra formación. Aun así, el 75,8% de la población activa femenina se concentra en establecimientos familiares. Independientemente del lugar donde trabajen, persisten los estereotipos de género sobre el trabajo de mujeres y hombres. Al mismo tiempo, se puede ver un movimiento de cambio con la tendencia a una mayor escolarización y participación de las mujeres rurales.Palabras clave: Ocupaciones; Trabajos; Trabajo Rural; Trabajo Femenino.

FAMILY FARMS IN AUSTRIA, ITALY AND POLAND

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika QUENDLER ◽  
Adriano CIANI ◽  
Malgorzata PINK
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Family ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
The Status ◽  
Large Scale Land

Recently there has been a surge of interest in family farms – in particular because2014 was declared by the United Nations as the International Year of FamilyFarming. This focus on family farms is mainly a reaction to several trends, such aseconomic pressures, large-scale land grabbing or the restructuring of agrifoodchains, etc. Yet it has to be acknowledged that the changes taking place inagriculture and agrifood systems put into question the role of family farms. Thispaper responds to the need for a review of family farms by examining the situationin Austria, Italy and Poland. It uses the legal form ‘sole holder’ as the criteria toidentify the family farm. It analyses the status of family farms in terms of (I)numbers, area cultivated, livestock and labour force, (II) their contribution tonutrition and food security, and (III) their consideration within the relevantagricultural policies. The situations in Austria, Italy and Poland are outlined usingofficial agricultural census data, 2013. The results show that family farms are byfar the prevailing form of agriculture in these three countries. Furthermore, weexplore the country specific characteristics within the policy environment given inwhich family farms operate and how this policy supports them. Finally, this formof farm poses significant challenges for food production and systematic policydesign. We conclude by giving some suggestions on future perspectives and theareas for further research.

The Innovators

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Risman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gendered Expectations ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This chapter introduces the innovators and provides a portrait of them. The chapter analyzes these innovators at the individual, interactional, and macro level of the gender structure. The chapter begins at the individual level of analysis because these young people emphasize how they challenge gender by rejecting requirements to restrict their personal activities, goals, and personalities to femininity or masculinity. They refuse to live within gender stereotypes. These Millennials do not seem driven by their feminist ideological beliefs, although they do have them. Their worldviews are more taken for granted than central to their stories. Nor are they consistently challenging gender expectations for others, although they often ignore the gender expectations they face themselves. They innovate primarily in their personal lives, although they do reject gendered expectations at the interactional level and hold feminist ideological beliefs about gender equality.

scholarly journals Relación entre conductas prosociales y participación en grupos online en jóvenes con discapacidad motora

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Raquel Suriá Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Online Support ◽  
Online Support Groups ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Los Grupos

Objetivos. Los objetivos del presente estudio identifican la conducta prosocial de los jóvenes usuarios de los grupos de apoyo online en función del nivel de participación en estos espacios virtuales. Asimismo, se examina si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la conducta prosocial en función del sexo, edad y grado de severidad de discapacidad.Método. Participaron 114 jóvenes con discapacidad motora (65,8% usuarios participantes activos y un 34,2% usuarios participantes pasivos). El rango de edad fue 20 y 35 años (M = 28,22; DT = 4,02). Contestaron la Escala para la Medición de la Conducta Prosocial en Adultos (2005).Resultados. Los resultados indicaron una conducta prosocial más desarrollada en los jóvenes usuarios participantes de los grupos de apoyo online. Los resultados indican que las mujeres puntúan significativamente más que los varones en todas las dimensiones de conducta prosocial. Además, con la edad aumentan progresivamente las puntuaciones en este constructo.Discusión. Los resultados de este trabajo pueden resultar útiles, pues resaltan que la participación en los grupos de apoyo online podría contribuir en el diseño de programas que potencien la conducta prosocial de los jóvenes con discapacidad motora.Abstract Objectives. The objectives of this study identify prosocial behavior of motor young users of online support groups depending on the participation in these virtual spaces. In addition, to identify significant differences in prosocial behavior according to the gender, age and grade of severity of disability.Method. A total of 114 young people with motor disability participated (65,8% active participants users and 34,2% no active participants users). Aged 20 y 35 (M = 28,22; SD = 4,02). They completed the Prosocialness Scale for Adults (2005).Results. The results indicated more developed prosocial behavior in young participants users of online support groups.  The results indicate that females score significantly higher than males on all dimensions of prosocial behavior. Moreover, the scores in this construct increase progressively with age.Discussion. The results of this study can be useful as they highlight that online support groups could help to design prosocial behavior programs for young with motor disability.

scholarly journals Inclusive second level Religious Education in Ireland today: what do teachers say?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalee Meehan ◽  
Derek A. Laffan
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
International Research ◽  
Catholic Schools ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Irish Context ◽  
Religious Landscape ◽  
Inclusion Results

AbstractThe Irish religious landscape is changing. Census data reveal that the percentage of those who identify as Catholic is in steady decline, while the proportion of those with no religion continues to rise. Christian religious practice in Ireland is also decreasing, especially among young people. Catholic schools, once the dominant provider of second level education, are now in a minority. This changing landscape has influenced Religious Education in second level schools. It is now an optional subject, and the historic tradition of denominational, confessional Religious Education has given way to an approach designed to be inclusive of students of all faith and none. Yet the surrounding discourse is unsupported by the perspectives of Religious Education teachers. This study attempts to address this knowledge gap by investigating their views and experiences, particularly with regard to inclusion. Results indicate that teachers are concerned about ‘religious students’. Whereas new to the Irish context, this reflects international research which suggests that in a rapidly secularising society, those who continue to practise any faith, especially the once-majority faith, are vulnerable. Findings signpost evidence of this, with RE teachers most concerned about the bullying of Catholic students and least concerned about the bullying of atheists.

scholarly journals Young Men and Young Women in Secure Care: Gender Differences in the Placement of Those With Mental Health Needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Bartlett ◽  
Jared G Smith ◽  
Louise Warner ◽  
Heidi Hales
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Secure Care ◽  
Mental Health Diagnoses

Abstract Background The system of secure care for young people in England and Wales comprises youth justice, welfare and mental health facilities. Empirical studies have failed to investigate the system as a whole. The National Adolescent Study in 2016 was the first to provide comprehensive system wide information. This paper, derived from that data set, addresses equity of service provision for young men and women in secure care who have mental health problems.MethodsThe detained census population of English young people was 1322 and detailed data were available on 93% of this population, including 983 young men and 290 young women. The descriptive census data were interrogated to identify associations between gender, other sociodemographic and clinical variables, using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. To control for Type 1 errors, the False Discovery rate approach was used. SPSS (V25) was used for statistical analysis.Results Numerically more young men in secure care than young women in secure care warrant a psychiatric diagnosis but young women had a 9 fold increase in the odds of having a diagnosis compared with the young men. The pattern of mental health diagnoses differed significantly by gender as did the pattern of young men and women’s secure care placement. This different pattern of placement continued to differ by gender when the nature of the mental health diagnosis was taken into account.Conclusions No definitive explanation is evident for the significantly different, placement patterns of young men and young women with the same, mental health diagnoses but the anticipated consequences for some, young men and some young women are important. Proper explanation demands an examination of process variables out with the remit of this study. The lack of routine scrutiny and transparent processes across secure settings could be responsible for the development of these differential placement practices; these practices seem at odds with the duty placed on public services by the Equality Act.

scholarly journals DARI PETANI MENJADI NELAYAN: KAJIAN HISTORIS PERIKANAN TANGKAP PANTAI SELATAN YOGYAKARTA

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suadi Suadi
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Management Zone ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Integrated Policy ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Resources Exploitation

The aims of this research were to know the history and development of fisheries activity and its contribution to coastal community welfare at South Coast of Yogyakarta Special Territory Province. To examine these issues the research was conducted by combined survey and descriptive analytic methods. Fisheries in area could be categorized as new activity and historically community does not have a high dependency on marine capture fisheries. Fishers were  farmers who become fisherman due to several reasons such as limitation of land and lack of other job opportunity. Since the activity began in the end of 1970’s at Baron, marine capture fisheries have altered income sources, improve community houses, and attracted young people as well as provide productivity activity for rural women. In the recent time, marine capture fishery has dispersed to all of Yogyakarta South Coastal area at 19 fish-landing places with vary intensity of resources exploitation. Marine capture fisheries are still limited in the coastal zone. Although CPUE tend to increase, the activity should be extended to province management zone and ZEEI. The integrated policy and management are needed to solve these problems and to avoid the tragedy of the commons.

scholarly journals Risk factors for young people not in education, employment or training (NEET) using the Scottish Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Everington ◽  
Zhiqiang Feng ◽  
Kevin Ralston ◽  
Chris Dibben
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vital Event ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
School Qualification ◽  
High Level

BackgroundThe high level of young people not in education, employment or training (NEET) has been an important long-standing issue in Scotland. The experience of being NEET has long term detrimental effects. Main AimIdentify risk factors that could inform interventions aimed at reducing the number of NEETs. MethodsWe use the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) which provides a 5.3% representative sample of Scotland’s population based around the Censuses of 1991, 2001 and 2011. The SLS includes Vital Event data, Census data for the SLS sample and also those living in the same household and, since 2007, school census data. This allows us to study two cohorts of 16-19 year olds (the ages used in Scotland when considering NEET status) over a period of 10 years: those 6-9 years old at the time of the 1991 Census to the 2001 Census when they were 16-19 years old those 6-9 years old at the time of the 2001 Census to the 2011 Census when they were 16-19 years old We used logistic regression to investigate whether NEET status is associated with individual, family and household characteristics measured 10 years previously and later data including school qualification, school behaviour, areal characteristics and teenage pregnancy. ResultsThese analyses found several factors were associated with the likelihood of being NEET for both cohorts, including having no qualifications, teenage pregnancy and living in an area where there was a relatively high level of NEETs (100% census data). For the later cohort, school census data were available and school behaviour were important factors, whereas household characteristics at childhood were important factors for the earlier cohort. ConclusionA number of factors are associated with NEET but those closer in time to the NEET ages of 16-19 appear to be more important than childhood factors.

scholarly journals Genre and Age in the Reception of Television Fiction

Comunicar ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (39) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charo Lacalle
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Young People ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
The Social ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Spanish Fiction ◽  
Sobre Todo

This article summarizes the main results of an investigation that is part of a project regarding the construction of youth and gender identity in television fiction. The methodology integrates reception analysis (focus group) with data obtained through an anonymous questionnaire, designed to contextualize the results of the qualitative research. Television fiction is the favourite macro-genre of young people, especially women. Broadly speaking, participants appreciate the greater proximity of Spanish fiction, which favours the different mechanisms of identification/projection activated during the reception process, and they acknowledge that TV fiction has a certain didactic nature. The research highlights the more intimate nature of female reception compared to the detachment of the male viewer, who watches fiction less frequently and assimilates it as pure entertainment. Age influences the different modes of reception, while the social class and origin of participants hardly have any impact. Confident, rebellious and ambivalent characters are found to be more interesting than the rest. By contrast, the structure of the story and a major part of the topics addressed by the programme are usually consigned to oblivion, highlighting the importance of selective memory in the interpretative process, as well as suggesting the limited nature of the effects of television fiction. El artículo resume los principales resultados de una investigación integrada en un proyecto más amplio sobre la construcción de la identidad juvenil y de género en la ficción televisiva. La metodología combina el análisis de la recepción («focus group») con los datos obtenidos mediante un cuestionario anónimo, destinados a contextualizar los resultados del estudio cualitativo. La ficción televisiva es el macrogénero preferido por los jóvenes, sobre todo por las mujeres. En general, los participantes aprecian la mayor proximidad de la ficción española, propiciadora de los diferentes mecanismos de identificación/proyección activados en los procesos de recepción, y le reconocen un cierto carácter didáctico. La investigación pone de manifiesto el carácter más intimista de la recepción femenina, frente al mayor distanciamiento de un espectador masculino mucho más inconstante, que asimila la ficción con el puro entretenimiento. La edad influye principalmente en las diferentes modalidades de recepción, mientras que apenas se constata la incidencia de la clase social ni del origen de los participantes. Los personajes seguros de sí mismos, rebeldes y ambivalentes, interesan más que el resto. Por el contrario, la estructura del relato y una buena parte de los temas del programa visionado se relegan generalmente al olvido, lo que revela el peso de la memoria selectiva en los procesos de interpretación y sugiere el carácter limitado de los efectos de la ficción televisiva.

Liminal Participation: Young People’s Practices in the Public Sphere Between Exclusion, Claims of Belonging, and Democratic Innovation

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110408
Author(s):  
Ilaria Pitti ◽  
Yagmur Mengilli ◽  
Andreas Walther
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
European Research ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative Case Studies ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Innovation And Change

Existing understandings of youth participation often imply clear distinctions from non-participation and thus boundaries between “recognized” and “non-recognized” practices of engagement. This article aims at questioning these boundaries. It analyzes young people’s practices in the public sphere that are characterized by both recognition as participation and misrecognition or stigmatization as deviant and it is suggested to conceptualize such practices as “liminal participation.” The concept of liminality has been developed to describe transitory situations “in-between”—between defined and recognized status positions—and seems helpful for better understanding the blurring boundaries of youth participation. Drawing on qualitative case studies conducted within a European research project, the analysis focuses on how young people whose practices evolve at the margins of the respective societies position themselves with regard to the challenges of liminality and on the potential of this for democratic innovation and change.

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