scholarly journals The feminisation of precarity Poland compared to other countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Dominika Polkowska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
The One

Precarity applies to people who, in order to survive, need to work in a low-quality job, which is uncertain, temporary, low-paid, with no prospect of promotion, no security and no contract. In this sense, the precariat is a category related mostly to the secondary segments of the labour market according to the concept of the dual labour market. It is also the universal feature of Post-Fordism and the modern working conditions in which women, more often than men are located in the “worst” segment of the labour market. In this context, it is worth noting that since the beginning of the era of globalisation, women have mostly worked in the sectors more uncertain and unstable e.g., in the service industries and trade. It has been feminisation in a double sense of the word: there have been more and more working women, on the one hand, and on the other hand, women have usually taken the flexible jobs. Most of these jobs are precarious work. Precarity combined with job insecurity and low wages leaves the workforce in this group unable to plan for their future or afford a decent life. This article attempts to prove that the threat of precarity is more probable for women than men. This claim is supported by the OECD and Eurostat data on precarity for Poland and other European countries.

Language, employability and positioning in a Danish integration programme

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (264) ◽  
pp. 49-71
Author(s):  
Dorte Lønsmann
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
The One

AbstractIn many European countries, integration policies focus on getting refugees quickly into the labour market. In order to accomplish this, refugees in Denmark are placed in work internships. Based on fieldwork in an integration programme that combines mandatory Danish language classes with so-called “language internships”, where refugees do work internships for the purpose of learning Danish at work, the present study takes a critical look at discourses and positionings related to refugee access to the Danish labour market. The study finds clear evidence of an employability discourse which emphasises individual responsibility for employment while downplaying structural factors. Paradoxically, the employability discourse positions the refugees on the one hand as unemployable because of their lack of Danish language competence and hence as marginalised and relatively powerless. On the other hand, in this same discourse, they are repeatedly positioned as agents responsible for creating their own opportunities, including employment opportunities, while the language internships are constructed as a means of gaining employment and being able to leave the unemployment system. By investigating acts of positioning by participants in the integration programme and comparing them with discourses on language, work and integration in Denmark, the study concludes that despite intentions about the internships leading to employment and thus empowerment, the language internships lead to decapitalisation and marginalisation for the refugee participants.

Challenges of Media Education Standards in Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Vekua
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The main goal of this research is to determine whether the journalism education of the leading media schools inGeorgia is adequate to modern media market’s demands and challenges. The right answer to this main questionwas found after analyzing Georgian media market’s demands, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, differentaspects of journalism education in Georgia: the historical background, development trends, evaluation ofeducational programs and curricula designs, reflection of international standards in teaching methods, studyingand working conditions.

The Reasons of Low E-Government Take-Up in Europe

2014 ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aykut Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Government Services ◽  
European Context ◽  
The One

Despite the efforts in terms of policies and investments, take-up of e-government services is slow, obscuring the overall benefits of e-government itself and still far from satisfactory today. Differences in uptake of e-government services across European countries seem to be independent from the quality and quantity of the supply. The data show a gap between the supply and use of e-government services in general; in other words, suggesting a limited correlation between the provisions of sophisticated e-government services on the one hand and the take-up of e-government services on the other. This signals a broader and diversified situation. To explore the determinants of low e-government take-up in European context, this chapter examines the aggregate data of 29 countries by conducting T-tests and Mann-Whitney U analyses.

Reconstructing dependency: precarity, precariousness and care in old age

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-190
Author(s):  
Michael Fine
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Fragility ◽  
Physical Ageing ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The One ◽  
Conditions Of Work

This chapter explores the potential for the development of critical approach to care based on the concepts of precarity and precariousness. Applying those concepts at the level of both theory and analysis, it is argued, serves to draw attention to both the socially constructed uncertainties of care provision conditioned by the labour market and corporate practices on the one hand, and the uncertainties of physical ageing and the ontological vulnerabilities that arise from our bodily existence on the other. Uncertainty also confronts those who provide care in either a paid or unpaid/informal capacity. The precarious conditions of work reflect the financial fragility of the economic supports and the changing and unequal markets that increasingly underpin the way care is provided to the increasing numbers of people who live extended lives today.

scholarly journals Development accounting with intermediate goods

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Grobovšek
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Final Output ◽  
Development Accounting ◽  
The One ◽  
Intermediate Output

Abstract I use a simple development accounting framework that distinguishes between goods and service industries on the one hand, and final and intermediate output on the other hand, to document the following facts. First, poorer countries are particularly inefficient in the production of intermediate relative to final output. Second, they are not necessarily inefficient in goods relative to service industries. Third, they present low measured labor productivity in goods industries because these are intensive intermediate users, and because their intermediate TFP is relatively low. Fourth, the elasticity of aggregate GDP with respect to sector-neutral TFP is large.

Determinants of the Recognition of Foreign Certificates in Flanders

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-243
Author(s):  
Karen Stoffelen ◽  
Mohammad Salman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
The Public ◽  
Professional Recognition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract This article explores the assessment of foreign academic certificates in Flanders between January 2014 and February 2019. It examines data NARIC (National Academic and Professional Recognition and Information Centre) Flanders gathered on its applicants, their applications, and its subsequent decisions. As professional recognitions, providing access to regularised professions in Flanders, are given by the designated authorities in their field, it would go beyond the scope of this article. In the descriptive result part, graphs illustrate the distribution of several characteristics of the applicants, their applications, and the decisions. In the explanatory result part, logistic regression analyses explore the influence of these characteristics on the decision of NARIC Flanders. The goal of this article is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to contribute to the scarce literature on the procedures for the recognition of foreign certificates in Flanders; on the other hand, it aims to contribute to the public debate on the integration of migrants in the labour market.

Facing Strangers in Need

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Nenad Miscevic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
The One

What is the role of toleration in the present-day crisis, marked by the inflow of refugees and increase in populism? The seriousness of the crises demands efforts of active toleration, acceptance, and integration of refugees and the like. Active toleration brings with itself a series of very demanding duties, divided into immediate ones involving immediate Samaritan aid to people at our doors and the long-term ones involving their acculturation and possibilities of decent life for them. A cosmopolitan attitude can contribute a lot. In the context of a refugee crisis, cosmopolitanism is not disappearing but showing its non-traditional, more Samaritan face turned not to distant strangers, as the classical one, but towards strangers at our doors.We have conjectured that this work of active toleration can diminish the need for the passive one: the well-integrated immigrant is no longer seen as a strange, exotic person with an incomprehensible and unacceptable attitude, but as one of us so that her attitudes become less irritating and provocative. The social-psychological approach that sees integration as involving both the preservation of central aspects of the original identity and the copy-pasting of the new one over it offers an interesting rationale for the conjecture: once integrated, the former newcomer is perceived as one of ‘us’ and her views stop being exotic, incomprehensible and a priori unacceptable. Given the amount of need for toleration, and difficulties and paradoxes connected with its passive variety, the conjecture, if true, might be a piece of good news.Finally, we have briefly touched the question of deeper causes of the crisis. Once one turns to this question, the traditional cosmopolitan issues come back to the forefront: the deep poverty and unjust distribution on the one hand, and conflicts and wars on the other. Cosmopolitans have a duty to face these issues, and this is where active global toleration leads in our times.

The puzzles of union density in Norway

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Nergaard ◽  
Torgeir Aarvaag Stokke
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Union Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Nordic Region ◽  
Insurance Funds ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Over Time

The level of union density in Norway is medium high, in contrast to the other Nordic countries where high density levels are supported by unemployment insurance funds. Developments in union density over time are stable in Norway, contrary to developments in most western European countries outside the Nordic region. This article traces the effects of unemployment insurance funds by comparing density levels in Norway with those in Finland and Sweden. In addition, the stability witnessed in union density in Norway over time is a particularly puzzling phenomenon, and the authors seek to explain it on the basis of specific institutional and labour market factors.

scholarly journals Characteristics of stress tolerance of working women and housewives

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Shafa Nasibova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Working Women ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Type Character ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

In psychology, stress is a feeling of strain and pressure. Small amounts of stress may be desired, beneficial, and even healthy. Positive stress helps improve athletic performance. It also plays a factor in motivation, adaptation, and reaction to the environment. Excessive amounts of stress, however, may lead to bodily harm. Stress can be external and related to the environment, but may also be created by internal perceptions that cause an individual to experience anxiety or other negative emotions surrounding a situation, such as pressure, discomfort, etc., which they then deem stressful. The level of resistance to stress manifests itself at different levels in individual individuals. On the one hand, it has to do with an individual's life history, on the other hand, the environment around him, the type, character, and even sex of the individual's nervous system. In the article, we talked about the stress resistance characteristics of working and non-working women.

scholarly journals Corporate Digital Responsibility Challenges for Sports Betting Companies

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Peter Jones ◽  
Daphne Comfort
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Gambling Industry ◽  
Policy Paper ◽  
The One

The emergence and continuing development of digital technologies is disrupting and reshaping traditional business practices throughout the service industries, and the gambling industry is no exception. On the one hand, digital technologies have opened the door to a landscape of new sports betting opportunities. On the other, the introduction of digital technologies brings responsibility challenges for sports betting companies. This policy paper outlines the features of corporate digital responsibility, provides some simple illustrations of digital responsibility issues in sports betting, and offers reflections on how these responsibilities are being discharged.

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