scholarly journals Nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of rice genotypes under LCC- based N application during summer

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrabani Moharana ◽  
J. M.L. Gulati ◽  
Saswat Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Efficiency ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

A field experiment was undertaken at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, OUAT Bhubaneswar to study the response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to LCC based nitrogen application under Real Time Nitrogen Management (RTNM) during summer 2015 in split plot design with three replications. Four varieties (V1- Lalat, V2- Naveen, V3- Hiranmayee and V4- Gobinda) were in main plot and sub plots were assigned with six N- management practices (N1- Control, N2- RDN@ 80 kg N ha-1 while in treatment N3 to N6, 20 kg N was applied in each split at LCC level 3 ( N3), LCC level 4( N4), LCC level 5(N5) and LCC level 6 (N6). A uniform dose of phosphorous and potassium @ 40 kg ha-1 each along with well decomposed FYM @ 5t ha-1 were applied to all the plots as basal. Nitrogen uptake was maximum (88.59 kg ha-1) in variety Naveen, whereas, the variety Gobinda had maximum agronomic efficiency (24.12 kg kg-1), recovery efficiency (37.23 kg kg-1), physiological efficiency (53.33 kg kg-1) and partial factor productivity (44.58 kg kg-1).Application of RDF resulted in maximum uptake of nitrogen (94.20 kg ha-1) and registered the highest agronomic efficiency (32.86 kg kg-1), recovery efficiency (55.40 kg ka-1)and partial factor productivity (65.61 kg ka-1). The highest physiological efficiency of 63.93 kg ha-1 and minimum N loss of 29.35 kg ha-1 was recorded forLCC 4 (N4) threshold value.

scholarly journals Productivity and Profitability Analysis of Old Aged Hybrid Rice Seedling Using Nutrient-Rice Expert and Other Precision Nutrient Management Practices at Lamjung, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Sudikshya Shrestha ◽  
L.P. Amgain ◽  
R. Subedi ◽  
P. Shrestha ◽  
S. Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) being the most important staple crop of Nepal its production and productivity is significantly reduced by old-aged seedling transplantation and imbalanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application. A field experiment was conducted at Sundarbazar, Lamjung  to evaluate the performance of 38 days old US-312 hybrid rice seedling  under fully rain-fed condition with six precision nutrient management practices [Nutrient Expert® -Rice (NE) recommendation, Farmers Fertilizer Practices (FFP); Government Recommendation (GR); Leaf Color Chart (LCC) N and FFP (P & K); NE (N) and FFP (P & K); and LCC (N) and NE (P & K) replicated four times in RCBD design during July to December, 2017. The statistical results showed that there was a significant difference between the treatments in terms of plant height( 105.38cm),leaf area index(4.26), crop growth rate (3.55),effective tillers m-2(374.25), tiller panicle conversion index (94.93%), panicle length (25.31cm), panicle weight (4.25g), fertility (82.35%), yield at 14% moisture (5.79t/ha), straw yield (7.96t/ha), net and gross revenues (Rs122503.1 and Rs272337/ha), B:C ratio (1.81), partial factor productivity(0.958) and total factor productivity (0.091).The grain yield increased by 37.62% in NE-Rice recommendation over the FFP, more than the NE estimated attainable yields (5.5t/ha) that signified further validation of Nutrient Expert –Rice Model under the mid-hill agro-ecological region of central Nepal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 232-237

scholarly journals Integration of Peach (Prunus persica L) Biochar, Compost and Peach Residues along with Beneficial Microbes and Phosphorus Improve Agronomic Efficiency, Phosphorus use Efficiency, Partial Factor Productivity and Soil P in Soybean vs Maize Crops

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Imran ◽  
Amanullah Amanullah
Keyword(s):  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

Phosphorus (P) is an important element in a complete and balanced fertility program that can improve crop P use efficiency and ultimately productivity and profitability. Phosphatic fertilizers use without organic fertilizers leads to gradual decline in soil organic matter, native nutrient status and ultimately reduction in agricultural productivity and economic growth. The objectives of this was to evaluate P efficiencies with incorporation of peach sources, beneficial microbes and P application. From sustainability points of view, alternative use of different sources and forms of organic sources alone or in combination with inorganic P and beneficial microbes possess potential for improving productive capacity of the soil. Separate field experiments (one each on maize and soybean as a test crop) were conducted at Agriculture Research Institute Mingora Swat (ARI) for two consecutive years in summer season of 2016 (year one) and 2017 (year two). For the first time such a study were conducted to utilize peach leftovers and biomass (leaves, twigs, fruits, stones and barks partially decomposed, its compost and biochar) along with three phosphorus (P) levels (50, 75, 100 kg P ha-1) and two beneficial microbes (PSB and Trichoderma) on such a way to enhance soil sustainability and P use efficiency of soybean and maize. The results revealed that organic sources had significant effect on soybean and maize P use efficiency (PUE), P agronomic efficiency (PAE), partial factor productivity (PFPp) and soil P concentration. In experiment 1 among the organic sources, peach residues increased soil P (12.0 mg kg-1) as compared to peach compost and biochar (8.6 & 11.7 mg kg-1). Soil P concentration was maximum (12.1 mg kg-1) with PSB than Trichoderma (9.5 mg kg-1). Application of P at 100 kg ha-1increased soil P contents (16.9 mg kg-1) as compared to 50 and 75 kg P ha 1 (5.9 & 9.6 mg kg-1) respectively. P concentration was increased drastically in year 2 (12.4 mg kg-1) than year one (9.1 mg kg-1). PUE in both crops (soybean and maize) was maximum (25.6 & 28.4%) with peach biochar than compost and residues along with Trichoderma (21.7 & 27.8%). Highest PUE in soybean was recorded with 75 kg P ha-1(22.2%) however in maize maximum PUE was noted with 50 kg P ha-1(33.5%). PAE and PFPp in both crops was maximum with biochar and soil application of Trichoderma than other organic sources and PSB. Among the P levels highest PAE in soybean and maize was recorded with 75 kg ha-1whereas PFPp in soybean was maximum with 75 kg P ha-1 and interestingly in maize it was noted with 50 kg ha-1. Conclusively soybean and maize PAE, PFPp and PUE was higher with biochar, soil incorporation of Trichoderma and P at the rate of 75 kg ha-1 and can improve soybean and maize yield and soil productivity on sustainable basis.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Gluten Protein Composition of Ancient (Einkorn, Emmer and Spelt) and Modern Wheat Species (Durum and Common Wheat)

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geisslitz ◽  
Longin ◽  
Scherf ◽  
Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Gluten Protein ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

The spectrophotometric Bradford assay was adapted for the analysis of gluten protein contents (gliadins and glutenins) of spelt, durum wheat, emmer and einkorn. The assay was applied to a set of 300 samples, including 15 cultivars each of common wheat, spelt, durum wheat, emmer and einkorn cultivated at four locations in Germany in the same year. The total protein content was equally influenced by location and wheat species, however, gliadin, glutenin and gluten contents were influenced more strongly by wheat species than location. Einkorn, emmer and spelt had higher protein and gluten contents than common wheat at all four locations. However, common wheat had higher glutenin contents than einkorn, emmer and spelt resulting in increasing ratios of gliadins to glutenins from common wheat (< 3.8) to spelt, emmer and einkorn (up to 12.1). With the knowledge that glutenin contents are suitable predictors for high baking volume, cultivars of einkorn, emmer and spelt with good predicted baking performance were identified. Finally, spelt, emmer and einkorn were found to have a higher nitrogen partial factor productivity than common and durum wheat making them promising crops for a more sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Improving High-Latitude Rice Nitrogen Management with the CERES-Rice Crop Model

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yuxin Miao ◽  
William Batchelor ◽  
Junjun Lu ◽  
Hongye Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
N Management ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Partial Factor

Efficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critically important for China’s food security and sustainable development. Crop models have been widely used to analyze yield variability, assist in N prescriptions, and determine optimum N rates. The objectives of this study were to use the CERES-Rice model to simulate the N response of different high-latitude, adapted flooded rice varieties to different types of weather seasons, and to explore different optimum rice N management strategies with the combinations of rice varieties and types of weather seasons. Field experiments conducted for five N rates and three varieties in Northeast China during 2011–2016 were used to calibrate and evaluate the CERES-Rice model. Historical weather data (1960–2014) were classified into three weather types (cool/normal/warm) based on cumulative growing degree days during the normal growing season for rice. After calibrating the CERES-Rice model for three varieties and five N rates, the model gave good simulations for evaluation seasons for top weight (R2 ≥ 0.96), leaf area index (R2 ≥ 0.64), yield (R2 ≥ 0.71), and plant N uptake (R2 ≥ 0.83). The simulated optimum N rates for the combinations of varieties and weather types ranged from 91 to 119 kg N ha−1 over 55 seasons of weather data and were in agreement with the reported values of the region. Five different N management strategies were evaluated based on farmer practice, regional optimum N rates, and optimum N rates simulated for different combinations of varieties and weather season types over 20 seasons of weather data. The simulated optimum N rate, marginal net return, and N partial factor productivity were sensitive to both variety and type of weather year. Based on the simulations, climate warming would favor the selection of the 12-leaf variety, Longjing 21, which would produce higher yield and marginal returns than the 11-leaf varieties under all the management strategies evaluated. The 12-leaf variety with a longer growing season and higher yield potential would require higher N rates than the 11-leaf varieties. In summary, under warm weather conditions, all the rice varieties would produce higher yield, and thus require higher rates of N fertilizers. Based on simulation results using the past 20 years of weather data, variety-specific N management was a practical strategy to improve N management and N partial factor productivity compared with farmer practice and regional optimum N management in the study region. The CERES-Rice crop growth model can be a useful tool to help farmers select suitable precision N management strategies to improve N-use efficiency and economic returns.

Impact of privatisation on the financial and economic performance of European airports

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (1106) ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-A. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Financial Ratio ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Publicly Owned ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

Abstract This paper assesses the financial performance of 35 European airports for the decade 1990 to 2000, comparing those subject to partial or full privatisation with those still in public ownership. In contrast to earlier research, the outcomes of partial factor productivity (PFP), financial ratio (FRA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are evaluated, in order to investigate differences attributable to the degree of privatisation. Changes in performance after a change in ownership structure are reviewed. The analysis of sample data reveals economically meaningful and statistically significant differences between publicly owned and privatised airports. The major differences lie in operating efficiency, capital productivity and capital structure. Although partially and fully privatised airports operate more efficiently, this does not translate into significantly higher returns on shareholders’ funds. Due to their at least indirectly government-backed credit standing, publicly owned airport companies can assume more debt relative to their respective equity. This results in considerably higher gearing and financial leverage, which compensates for the comparatively low return rate on assets.

scholarly journals Remedial Application of Urea Eliminates Yield Losses in Wheat Waterlogged during Stem Elongation

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Ding ◽  
Peng Liang ◽  
Desheng Guo ◽  
Dejun Liu ◽  
Mingxiao Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Total N ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

Waterlogging remains a critical constraint to wheat production in areas with high rainfall. Exogenous application of nitrogen (N) can effectively diminish the adverse effects of waterlogging, but varies with specific events. To provide highly efficient remedial strategies, this pot study investigated the effects of urea application following 10 days of waterlogging initialing at the stem elongation stage (Zadoks growth stage, GS33). The remedial measures included foliar spray of urea solution at a single dose (0.108 g urea per pot) at the 0th day after finishing waterlogging (FU1) and twice at the 0th and 7th day (FU2), and soil surface spray of urea solution at single and double doses when soil water content was approximately 80% of field capacity (SU1 and SU2, respectively). Waterlogging significantly reduced grain yield, total N uptake, and N partial factor productivity (by 11%, 18%, and 11%, respectively), but subsequent remedial measures improved these to variable degrees. Reduction in grain yield owing to waterlogging could be effectively alleviated and even eliminated using these remediations. Grain yield and N partial factor productivity were higher under FU2 and SU2 than FU1 and SU1. Among all treatments, plants under SU2 exhibited the highest total N uptake and top-dressing N recovery. Diminished yield losses were attributed to (1) increased kernel number per spike resulting from increased spikelet fertility and kernel number per spikelet and (2) increased photosynthetic production by delaying senescence (improved chlorophyll content and maintained green leaf area) of the top leaves. This study suggests that urea application for a brief period of time following waterlogging during the stem elongation stage has remarkable remedial effects.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OF PEARL MILLET IN THE SAHEL COMBINING CATTLE MANURE, CROP RESIDUE AND MINERAL FERTILIZER

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE B. I. AKPONIKPE ◽  
KARLHEINZ MICHELS ◽  
CHARLES L. BIELDERS
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

SUMMARYIn the Sahelian zone of Niger, there is a need to develop guidelines for integrated nutrient management, which relies on the potential nutrient sources of manure, pearl millet residue and mineral fertilizers. A fully factorial on-station experiment was conducted during the 1994 and 1995 rainy seasons at Sadoré, Niger, combining application of: (i) broadcast millet residue (300, 900 and 2700 kg ha−1), (ii) broadcast cattle manure (300, 900 and 2700 kg ha−1) and (iii) mineral fertilizer (unfertilized control, 15 kg N ha−1 + 4.4 kg P ha−1 and 45 kg N ha−1 + 13.1 kg P ha−1). Manure and fertilizer increased millet yields in both years whereas residue was effective in 1995 only. The effect of manure and residue were additive, as was the effect of manure and fertilizer but only up to 50 kg N ha−1. However in 1995, the response to fertilizer was approximately doubled in the presence of 900 or 2700 kg residue ha−1 compared to fertilizer with 300 kg ha−1 residue, indicating a strong synergistic effect. This synergistic effect was reflected in the partial factor productivity of nitrogen and phosphorous in both years. Two treatment combinations stand out as particularly relevant based on yield, partial factor productivity and nutrient balance criteria: 2700 kg manure ha−1 combined with (i) 300 kg residue and no fertilizer (95% grain yield increase); (ii) 900 kg residue ha−1 and 15 kg N + 4 kg P ha−1 (132% grain yield increase). There is a need for similar, long-term experiments to confirm the present results.

STRUCTURE, EMPLOYMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE INDIAN UNORGANIZED MANUFACTURING SECTOR: AN INDUSTRY LEVEL ANALYSIS

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 349-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. RAJESH RAJ
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
Level Analysis

The paper analyzes the size, growth and productivity performance of the unorganized manufacturing sector in India during the 1978–1979 to 2000–2001 period. The study shows evidence of an increase in the size of the sector with a slowdown in the reforms period. Evidence indicates that the rate of growth varies widely across the two-digit industries but the variation in growth rate is smaller during the 1990s. Textiles and machinery goods were the fastest growing segments of India's unorganized manufacturing sector in the reforms period. The partial factor productivity approach shows that labor productivity has improved in 2000–2001 over 1978–1979 while capital productivity reported a decline in the same period. The sector, on the other hand, registered a fall in total factor productivity (TFP) during the reforms period. It is found that technological progress has been the main contributor to the growth in TFP in the prereforms period while technical regress contributed to the decline in TFP in the reforms period. A completely different picture is noticed since the mid-1990s when the sector made significant progress in TFP primarily attributed to technological progress which outweighed the decline in technical efficiency. It is also found that capital intensity is an essential factor augmenting labor productivity levels in the sector, which is important for improving the wages paid to the workers in the sector.

scholarly journals Tillage, Crop Residue and Nitrogen Management Effects on Nitrogen Uptake, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Arjun Bastola ◽  
Tika Karki ◽  
Santosh Marahatta ◽  
Lal Prasad Amgai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

Field experiment was conducted in three factorial strip split plot design to evaluate the effect of two establishment methods (EM) i.e. transplanted in puddled soil (Pu-TPR) and direct seeded in zero tillage (ZT-DSR), two residue levels i.e. residue kept at 3 t ha -1 (RK) and no residue (RR) with two nitrogen doses i.e. recommended dose (100 kg N ha -1) (RD) and farmers' dose (50 kg N ha-1) (FD) with six replications with individual plot size of 5.4 m × 6.3 m on rice variety Ram-Dhan during the year 2016. Nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiencies and yield of rice were recorded. Straw nitrogen uptake was significantly higher in ZT-DSR than Pu-TPR. Similarly, grain straw and total nitrogen uptake were significantly higher in residue applied and recommended dose of nitrogen than no-residue applied and farmers-nitrogen dose treatments respectively. Nitrogen efficiency ratio and physiological efficiency index were significantly higher in Pu-TPR and no-residue applied treatments while partial factor productivity was higher in residue applied treatment. All nitrogen use efficiencies like partial factor productivity, nitrogen efficiency ratio and physiological efficiency index were significantly influenced by nitrogen dose and seen higher in recommended dose of nitrogen. Establishment methods had no significant effect on grain yield but straw yield was significantly higher in ZT-DSR but harvest index was seen higher in Pu-TPR. Grain yield and straw yield were significantly higher in residue applied treatment and recommended nitrogen but harvest index was higher in farmers-nitrogen dose.

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