Bottlenecks in Production and Marketing of Apple in Mountainous and Inaccessible Areas of Chenab Valley

Twig Blight ◽

San Jose Scale

Background: An attempt has been made in this study to identify the limitations encountered by the apple farmers in production and marketing which stall its growth in the study area. The present study has been carried out in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir union territory with special emphasis on selected districts which fall under Chenab Valley, which is mostly hilly terrain and mountainous, as these regions had the highest area and production under apple crop.Methods: The primary data has been collected by survey method by interviewing the apple farmers as well as different market functionaries directly through an especially prepared and pre-tested schedule. The Identified constraints of the farmers in the production and marketing of apple had been ranked by making use of the Garrett’s Ranking Technique.Result: The analysis of the study revealed large number of constraints in the production and marketing of the commercial varieties of apple in a selected area, out of which occurrence of apple disease such as Stem Black, Powdery Mildew, Scab, Nectaria Twig Blight, Alternative Twig Blight, Peppery Dark/Pink Disease. Similarly, some of the common pests reported are: Woolly Aphids, San Jose Scale, Stem Borer, Root Borer, Bark Borer had been the major problem faced by the Growers, high labor cost, lack of latest technical knowledge, high cost of transportation, lack of transportation facilities and costly packing material have been identified as the major problems. In order to overcome the marketing problems of the study area apple producers should be organized as federation, cooperatives and union. The study calls for all government and non-governmental organizations to work together to expand and improve apple production and establish apple marketing hub for tackling the bottlenecks in the expansion of apple crop in the study area.

Regional Development of Rural Tourism: The Case of the Gorska Hrvatska Region

Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy ◽

10.2478/ngoe-2020-0009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 28-41

Author(s):

Nina Baković

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Sustainable Tourism ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Rural Tourism ◽

Primary Data ◽

Practical Recommendations

AbstractAn approach to sustainable tourism through clusters is considered an appropriate strategy in less-developed rural areas of tourist-oriented countries, such as Croatia. This paper clarifies the key challenges of the development of tourism clusters in the region of Gorska Hrvatska and provides new data for an approach to sustainable rural tourism development. Using available secondary data from governmental bodies, non-governmental organizations, protected areas of Gorska Hrvatska, and primary data of the Lika Destination Cluster, the paper explores the key challenges of developing a cluster of tourism and selective forms of tourism. Most tourism clusters in Croatia have remained in the first phase of development for years, even though this approach has failed to to achieve significant results. The key benefits of networking and branding in rural areas are identified and defined, but these potentials are still largely underutilized. The objective of this study is to provide practical recommendations to the Croatian tourism industry on how to learn from the suggested best practices and how to implement them effectively. For that purpose, the case of sustainable tourism located in the Gorska Hrvatska region, called the Lika Destination Cluster is analyzed.

Quadraspidiotus perniciosus. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Pests ◽

10.1079/dmpp/20056600007 ◽

1986 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Central America ◽

Distribution Map ◽

San Jose ◽

Jammu And Kashmir ◽

Wide Range ◽

Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽

San Jose Scale ◽

Trees And Shrubs ◽

New Distribution ◽

Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] San Jose scale, California scale Polyphagous, attacking most deciduous fruits (trees and shrubs) and a wide range of other trees and shrubs. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, West Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, USSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Georgian SSR, Kazakh SSR, Moldavian SSR, Tadzhik SSR, Ukrainian SSR, Uzbek SSR, Russian SFSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Canary Islands, Madeira, Zaire, South Africa, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Jammu and Kashmir, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, AUSTRALASIA, Australia, New Zealand, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN, Cuba, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

FNGOs and financial inclusion: Investigating the impact of microcredit on employment growth in Ghana

The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation ◽

10.1177/1465750319832478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 90-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Victor Yawo Atiase ◽

Yong Wang ◽

Samia Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Employment Growth ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Primary Data ◽

Microfinance Institutions ◽

Employment Generation ◽

The Impact

Financial non-governmental organizations (FNGOs) are regulated microfinance institutions that operate with a social welfare logic in the delivery of microcredit to the financially excluded in Ghana. The microcredit is aimed at supporting the financially excluded individuals to create sustainable micro and small enterprises (MSEs) for the generation of both skilled and unskilled employment. From the institutional theory perspective, this study aims at investigating the impact of microcredit provided by FNGOs on employment growth among MSEs in Ghana. The major contribution of this study is the fact that, there is a little study on FNGOs and their impact on employment growth in the Ghanaian context. Therefore, this is one of the few studies that highlights the role of FNGOs in promoting financial inclusion through the provision of microcredit for employment generation purposes. Through a multiple regression analysis, the study uses primary data collected from 506 MSEs in Ghana. The results show that microcredit which is flexible in repayment mode, accessible and adequate has a positive impact on employment generation among MSEs in Ghana. However, the current cost of microcredit in Ghana has a negative impact on employment growth among MSEs.

The role of Cirebon Women Ulama in Countering Religious Radicalism

QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies) ◽

10.21043/qijis.v8i1.6430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Septi Gumiandari ◽

Ilman Nafi'a

Keyword(s):

Women Activists ◽

Religious Communities ◽

Primary Data ◽

Religious Transformation ◽

Religious Literacy ◽

Direct Observations ◽

Religious Radicalism ◽

Terrorist Acts

The trend in terrorist acts nowadays is using women as perpetrators with a feminine approach. To respond to the condition, the figure of the Cirebon women ulama takes a very significant role. When women could be recruited as terrorists, it should be easier too to get them back to become agents of peace. This study originally attempts to describe the experiences and efforts of Cirebon women ulama in the process of socio-religious transformation in the Cirebon society towards a better direction, namely counteracting religious-based intolerance in Cirebon. This study was conducted through a descriptive qualitative method with a phenomenology approach. Primary data were obtained through documentation study, interviews, and direct observations with Cirebon women activists from various community organizations and non-governmental organizations. The results showed that there are several strategies used by Cirebon women ulama in countering religious radicalism such as (1) developing religious literacy among Cirebon society; (2) shifting communication patterns from monolog to dialog; (3) reviewing curriculum and the process of learning; (4) live-in with other religious communities and beliefs, and (5) establish institutional networking.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK ENVIRONMENT PRACTICES AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

Human Resource and Leadership Journal ◽

10.47941/hrlj.632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 16-48

Author(s):

Fred Domiano Musinya

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Performance Management ◽

Employee Retention ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Individual Performance ◽

Primary Data ◽

Management Support ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between workplace environment practices and employee retention in selected International Non-Governmental Organizations in Nairobi County. Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The sampling frame was the listing of staff in 93 International Non-Governmental Organizations that were selected using a simple random sampling method from the 1,252 INGO’s with offices in Nairobi County. Purposive sampling was used to select 120 staff from the 93 INGOs who participated in the study. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data while secondary was collected through a review of published literature such as annual INGO reports, journal articles and published theses. Data analysis involved preparation of the collected data - coding, editing and cleaning of data in readiness for processing using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) package version 24.0. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to measure consistency and content validity. Quantitative data was analyzed using detailed statistics that include mean, standard deviation as well as the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 24 and Microsoft Excel. Qualitative data was evaluated and analyzed using content analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and information obtained from the study presented using graphs, charts, written text and tables. Results: Internal promotion plans, mentoring programs, management support, effective career development policy, proper individual performance management, practical on-the-job training, effective organizational training policy, flexible leave plans, job sharing and job scheduling practices strongly influence the intention of the respondents to stay with their employers. More work needs to be done to improve succession planning, career break practices and the overall effectiveness of the work life balance policy.

Role of Malaysian Non-Governmental Organizations in Malaysia-China Educational Exchange under Malaysian Ethnic Politics

Asian Journal of Social Science Studies ◽

10.20849/ajsss.v3i3.477 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Nan Xia ◽

Yanan Yang

Keyword(s):

Chinese Culture ◽

Ethnic Politics ◽

Structuration Theory ◽

Primary Data ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Chinese Education ◽

Educational Exchange ◽

Non Governmental Organizations

Educational exchange between Malaysia and China has an important interaction with the Chinese education in Malaysia and the political relations between Malaysia and China. Chinese education in Malaysia is twisted with Malaysian ethnic politics. Malaysian Chinese students were lack of opportunities at the public institutions of higher learning due to the preferential and affirmative action policies implemented by Malaysian government under the egis of New Economic Policy (NEP).Thus, Malaysia NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) carried out educational exchange with China to open up a more spacious study channels for students. The objective of this article is to investigate the role of Malaysian NGOs towards educational exchange between Malaysia and China under Malaysian ethnic politics. Primary data were collected through interviews and the informants were selected based on purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Totally, fourteen informants were selected and interviewed based on evidence of data saturation. Secondary data were collected from journal articles, newspapers, website pages and online resources. Meanwhile, structuration theory was used to guide the researcher to get the suitable answer. Findings of this study indicate that, there are three main important NGOs that play a significant role in promoting educational exchange between Malaysia and China, which are Dong Jiao Zong (the collective name of Dong Zong and Jiao Zong), the Association of Graduates from Universities and Colleges in China, Malaysia (AGUCCM) and Malaysia-China Friendship Association (MCFA). As the purposive actors, they conduct their actions based on different levels, which are to develop Chinese education in Malaysia, to continue and inherit Chinese culture. Their unconsciousness reason is based on Malaysian Chinese’s deep feeling to China. Moreover, the educational exchange in the aspect of Chinese education is conducted under the structure of Malaysian ethnic politics, which led to a dichotomy. Nowadays, with the rise of China and the promotion of “the Belt and Road”, educational exchange between Malaysia and China will become better and better.

EFFECT OF DONOR RELATION PRACTICES ON FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING IN GARISSA COUNTY, KENYA

American Journal of Finance ◽

10.47672/ajf.84 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Abdalla Abdi Ali ◽

Dr. J. M. Kilika

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Regression ◽

Total Population ◽

Primary Data ◽

Financial Sustainability ◽

Communication Policy ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Top Managers ◽

Spss Software

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of donor relation practices on financial sustainability of NGOs operating in Garissa County, Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The total population was 228 top managers of the all the NGOs operating in Garissa. The sample size was 90 top managers of the all the NGOs operating in Garissa who were selected using random sampling. Primary data was collected through the administration of the questionnaires. Responses to the questionnaires was tabulated, coded and processed by use of a computer Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software to analyze the data using descriptive statistics. This generated quantitative reports through tabulations, percentages, and measures of central tendency. Multivariate regression was used to determine whether the specific variables together can predict a given research gap.Results: The study found that donor communication, segmentation, reporting and recognition have a positive and a significant effect on financial sustainabilityUnique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that NGOs should have clear communication policy. This will enhance effective financial sustainability. The study recommended that the organizations should train their employees on interpersonal and technological skills. Through these skills the employees will be able to communicate effectively with the donors.

Farmer Institutional Dynamics in Vegetable Agribusiness Development Efforts in Kelurahan Talang Keramat, Banyuasin District

Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal ◽

10.36706/jlso.10.2.2021.516 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 178-186

Author(s):

Yulian Junaidi ◽

Yulius Yulius ◽

Elly Rosana ◽

Ogi Falma Manullang

Keyword(s):

Swot Analysis ◽

Survey Method ◽

Chi Square ◽

Institutional Dynamics ◽

Access To Credit ◽

Government Organizations ◽

The Government ◽

Important Position

Farmers' institutions, whether fostered by the government or those that have emerged from the initiatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), have an important position in developing vegetable agribusiness. This research aimed to compering the institutional dynamics of government-assisted farmers and non-government organizations and to formulate a collective learning institutional framework. The survey method was carried out by taking disproportional stratified random sampling, the data were analyzed using scoring, chi-square crosstabs and SWOT analysis. The results of this study indicate that the institutional dynamics of farmers are on average in moderate criteria with differences in dynamic indicators. Government-assisted groups prioritize achieving agribusiness goals, while NGO-assisted groups develop an egalitarian structure. Factors that significantly influence the institutional dynamics of farmers are farmer age, education, status in the organization, and access to credit. The joint learning framework from the technological aspect is aimed at discovering, sharing and using vegetable agribusiness development technology. Meanwhile, from the institutional aspect, it is aimed at strengthening organizations and networks.

Assessment of Extension Delivery Methods to Farmers in Apa Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology ◽

10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i330543 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 29-37

Author(s):

P. G. Kughur ◽

A. A. Aveuya ◽

Y. Kuza

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Crop Production ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Farm Size ◽

Primary Data ◽

Delivery Methods ◽

Informal Information

Information plays a very important role in agriculture in particular and life in general. Agriculture has become information-intensive; information is required for livestock and crop production. It empowers farmers to respond to market incentives, risks, and competition. Farmers access information from a variety of sources. These sources can be divided into formal and informal information networks. The study assessed extension delivery methods to farmers in Apa Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting 125 respondents through survey. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that males were 74.2%, the respondents 49% were between 26 and 35 years, 61.7% were married, 52% had farm size of 6 hectares and above. About 34% earned an estimated annual income of between ₦100,000.0 and ₦500,000.0, 83.3% acquired land through inheritance and 47.5% obtained information from extension services using radio. About 50% of identified characteristics of the effectiveness of extension delivery methods used were helped solve problems and 86% of constraints to the effectiveness of extension delivery methods used were poor infrastructure. It is recommended that government and non-governmental organizations should provide infrastructure, organize adult education for farmers and organize training to update knowledge of extension workers.

Environmental degradation, property rights and population movements: hypotheses and evidence from Rajasthan (India)

Environment and Development Economics ◽

10.1017/s1355770x98000035 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 35-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

KANCHAN CHOPRA ◽

S.C. GULATI

Keyword(s):

Property Rights ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Common Property ◽

Labour Force ◽

Primary Data ◽

Western India ◽

Population Movements ◽

Non Governmental Organizations

This study examines, in a developing-country context, the nature of the linkages between deforestation, land degradation and the movement of population from one region to another. While it is usually hypothesized that environmental degradation leads to stress migration from rural areas, changes in institutional arrangements and the subsequent regeneration of land and water may change the situation, decreasing the attractiveness of the option to migrate. Primary data from six villages in Rajasthan (a region in Western India) are used to set up alternative models using OLS, logit and 3SLS systems methods to test alternative forms of the hypotheses. It is found that the proper specification of group property rights, as a consequence of the existence of non-governmental organizations, does reduce migration. Further, a household's decisions to migrate and/or to participate in common property right creation are interrelated, being parts of its labour force allocation decisions. Other variables influencing household decisions to participate are levels of asset ownership, degree of dependence on common land and level of education.