scholarly journals Improved paddy straw as ruminant feed: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Sheikh ◽  
A. M. Ganai ◽  
P. A. Reshi ◽  
Sheikh Bilal ◽  
Shabir Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Ruminant Feed ◽  
Animal Production Systems

Paddy straw is a major agro-residue fed to ruminants in India. Feeding only rice straw does not provide enough nutrients to the ruminants even for maintenance due to the low nutritive value of this highly lignified material containing high concentration of anti-nutrition factors like lignin, silicates and oxalates. Despite the improvements of crop residues through various processing methods such as physical and chemical, the efficient utilization to desirable extent is still awaited. So utilization of paddy straw in association with concept of complete feed along with biological agents is need of the hour to maximize advantage from given feeds in animal production systems.

scholarly journals Potentials of biogas production from young bulls manure fed with different diets

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica S. S. de M. Costa ◽  
Luiz A. de M. Costa ◽  
Jorge de Lucas Junior ◽  
Laércio A. Pivetta
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Animal Production Systems

Physical and chemical characteristics of manure are modified by different animal production systems. In cattle feeding system for young bulls there is an inversion of the proportion between forage and concentrate. In other words, the animals receive a smaller amount of forage compared to the traditional system. These changes in the manure characteristics involve changes in the treatment systems. The aim of this study was to determine the potential production of biogas of batch digesters fed with manure from young bulls that received two diets containing different proportions between forage and concentrate, with or without inoculums and submitted to three levels of temperature (25, 35 and 40(0)C). The evaluated parameters were total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) reduction and biogas potentials production. The digesters fed with manure from animals that received the diet 2 (80%C + 20% R) showed the largest reductions of TS and VS. About the potentials of biogas production there was interaction between the factors diet and inoculums, but no effects of temperatures. The treatment content manure from animals fed with diet 2 without inoculums presented the greatest potential of biogas production per kg of TS added (0.2123 m³).

scholarly journals Fermentation Quality and Additives: A Case of Rice Straw Silage

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuff Oladosu ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Norhani Abdullah ◽  
Usman Magaji ◽  
Ghazali Hussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
High Level

Rice cultivation generates large amount of crop residues of which only 20% are utilized for industrial and domestic purposes. In most developing countries especially southeast Asia, rice straw is used as part of feeding ingredients for the ruminants. However, due to its low protein content and high level of lignin and silica, there is limitation to its digestibility and nutritional value. To utilize this crop residue judiciously, there is a need for improvement of its nutritive value to promote its utilization through ensiling. Understanding the fundamental principle of ensiling is a prerequisite for successful silage product. Prominent factors influencing quality of silage product include water soluble carbohydrates, natural microbial population, and harvesting conditions of the forage. Additives are used to control the fermentation processes to enhance nutrient recovery and improve silage stability. This review emphasizes some practical aspects of silage processing and the use of additives for improvement of fermentation quality of rice straw.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Improving Feed Use Efficiency for Sustainable Dairy Production in Pakistan

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Use Efficiency

Buffalo and cattle are main dairy animals of Pakistan, making 30% of the total livestock. Out of total milk produced in the country, buffalo contributes about 68%, followed by cattle (27%), rest (5%) by sheep, goats, and camels. They are kept both in rural as well as peri-urban dairy production systems. These dairy animals mostly strive on low-quality feed stuffs including roughages and crop-residues with poor nutritive value resulting in poor production and reproduction performance. Recent investigations and published data show that there is also an issue of unjustified feeding without considering the production and physiological stages of dairy animals, resulting in overfeeding of non-productive and under-feeding of productive animals, leading to poor feed use efficiency. There is also no separate feeding system for different classes of dairy animals. Furthermore, in the prevailing dairy production scenario, there is absence of an efficient feeding system especially devised for growing heifers (kept as replacement herd) keeping in view their feeding requirements that could reduce their age at puberty with a significant reduction in the cost of feeding. Similarly, the introduction of milk replacer and early weaning of calves are very effective ways without any adverse effects on growth when given free access to good quality calf starter, and it could add to dairy economics. Fodder scarcity during the winter months (November to January) and summer (May–June) in Pakistan is another big constraint toward sustainable dairying. It is concluded that more efficient feed utilization in these dairy production systems could be achieved by developing innovative approaches and solutions (hay and silage making) to fight these scarcity periods and developments in dairy nutrition, like the establishment of nutrient requirements for dairy animals for local dairy breeds, adopting group feeding practices of dairy animals according to the stage of lactation and production status, and proper feeding systems for growing heifers and effective milk replacer feeding for calves. These practical and innovative steps could effectively lead to sustained dairy production in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Red Chittagong Cattle: An Indigenous Breed to Help Tackle the Challenges of Modern Animal Production Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nani Gopal Das ◽  
Mohammed R. Islam ◽  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Md. Abdul Jalil ◽  
Cameron E. F. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Indigenous Breed ◽  
Animal Production Systems

Modern livestock selection is rapidly condensing the indigenous cattle gene pool. This trend limits the options for future genetic selection to benefit both animal well-being and farmer challenges. Here we reveal the potential of Red Chittagong cattle (RCC), a native genotype of Bangladesh, for tackling these current and pending challenges. Red Chittagong cattle are reddish in color and small in size with mature bulls and cows weighing 342 and 180 kg from birth weights of 16 and 14 kg, respectively. Whilst low mean levels of milk production of 618 L across a 228-day lactation are recorded so are high levels of milk protein (3.8%) and fat (4.8%) with offered feed types typically low in nutritive value, particularly crude protein. However, one in five cows under farm condition yield >1,000 L/lactation. Alongside high levels of milk protein and fat, other key features of this breed include resistance to common diseases and parasites with a high level of adaptation to agro-ecological conditions. As opposed to other indigenous breeds, there is currently high genetic variation in the RCC population, and associated variation in productive and reproductive traits highlighting the opportunity for development through long-term breeding programs alongside improved management conditions. Such efforts would enable this breed to become a global resource for tackling the challenges of modern animal production systems. In addition, further work is required to reveal the demographic distribution of the breed, potential production levels through the provision of improved diets and the mechanisms enabling disease resistance and digestibility of feeds.

Nutritive value of sunflower as whole crop silage in Uruguay

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
D Cozzolino ◽  
A Fassio ◽  
E Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Yields

Shortages of feed resources often impose major constraints on the development of animal production in the tropics and sub-tropics. Considerable quantities of crop residues and agro - industrial by products are generated every year in most developing countries. Forage crops must have particular features to warrant their use in animal production and feeding systems. These are related to seasonality of yield and product quality (Wilkins, 2000). Silage crops can provide forage of high nutritive value and high yields per unit of land are desirable to diversify crop rotations and to allow production changes, which may improve yields for livestock. Sunflower (Helianthus annus, L.) is mostly grown for seed oil production where the seeds represent only about one third of the total dry matter content of the crop ranging from 3 to 4 ton ha -1. Reports on the chemical composition of sunflower silage suggested that total digestible nutrients of sunflower were two-thirds of that of corn silage. These characteristics of sunflower show its great potential so as to include it as a forage crop. Sunflower is grown in Uruguay for seed oil production (approximately 150000 ha) showing great potential to be include in animal production systems as an alternative silage crop. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the nutritive value of sunflower as whole crop silage.

scholarly journals Preparation and nutritive value evaluation of Wastelage using wet rice straw and cow dung for ruminant feed

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fatema Ritu ◽  
Sharmeen Islam ◽  
S Islam ◽  
Dewan Jamee ◽  
A Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
Ruminant Feed

The Effect of Alkali Pretreatment of Rice Straw for Anaerobic Digestion

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2555-2558
Author(s):  
Ping Ai ◽  
Yuan Yuan Wang ◽  
Yan Lin Zhang ◽  
Wu Li ◽  
Shui Ping Yan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Biogas Yield

The anaerobic digestion is an efficient utilization way of crop residues and alkali pretreatment are often used to enhance the degradation. Alkali pretreatment based on Ca(OH)2addition of rice straw was studied.The tests of 3 g/l, 9 g/l Ca(OH)2 addition had an significant effect on enhancing solubilization and rapid acidification, the results were 1521.2 gCOD/l and 935 ml biogas yield of 3 g/l Ca(OH)2addition, 1600.7 gCOD/l and 1200 ml biogas yield of 9 g/l Ca(OH)2addition , compared to 405.5 gCOD/l and 1162 ml of control( 0 g/l Ca(OH)2addition) . The results also showed that tests of 15 g/l , 21 g/l of Ca(OH)2addition were entirely inhibited to biogas yield. The result of the present work implied that although alkali pretreatment to rice straw can significantly enhance solubilization, the inhibition to methane yield was liable to occur.

scholarly journals (162) Edible Fungal Growth and Fruiting on Composted Containerized Inedible Crop Biomass

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006C-1006
Author(s):  
Leopold M. Nyochembeng ◽  
Caula A. Beyl ◽  
Rodulfo P. Pacumbaba
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Organic N ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Waste Products

Current goals for space exploration are predicated upon long-term manned space flights and colonization of planetary habitats. Long periods in space without payloads of necessary items from Earth require the development of a self-sustaining ecosystem that will allow astronauts to grow their own food and efficiently recycle the waste products. Crops suggested for growth in space include wheat, rice, carrots, soybean, mushrooms, etc. Optimal and rapid biodegradation of lignin and other cellulosic material of crop residues by candidate edible white rot fungal strains is paramount in the use of these organisms to achieve effective biomass recycling in an advanced life support system (ALS). The incorporation of organic N into the substrate and pairing crop residues may enhance growth and fruiting of the edible fungi, thus increasing the rate of biodegradation of the substrates and biomass recycling. We investigated the mycelial growth of two strains of Pleurotusostreatus (`Grey Dover' and `Blue Dolphin') on processed single vegetative residues of soybean, cowpea, tomato, sweetpotato, or their 1:1 combination with wheat or rice straw. Growth and fruiting of the two strains including another strain (`Pohu') on rice straw mixed with solid thermophilic aerobic reactor (STAR) effluent for degradation and recycling were also studied. Mycelial growth and fruiting in `Grey Dover' and `Blue Dolphin' were significantly repressed on sweetpotato and basil; however, growth of the two strains was improved when sweetpotato and basil substrates were paired with rice or wheat straw. Fruiting was prolific in paired combinations of soybean with wheat or rice straw. High concentration of STAR residue enhanced mycelial growth; however, a relatively lower concentration was required for abundant fruiting.

Adoption and Commercialization of Green Corn, Green Corn –Based Silage, Haylage and Ummb Production for Dairy Cattle in Cagayan Valley, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Eva U. Cammayo ◽  
Nilo E. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Dairy Animals

This research aimed to improve dairy production and increase the income of dairy farmers using locally available feed resources. Small-scale milk producers rely heavily on available feed resources in the locality which are either indigenous in the area or introduced species for feed and nutrition of their dairy cattle and buffalos. Their milk output depends mainly on seasonal fluctuations in the quality and quantity of natural forage. Crop residues such as corn stover and rice straw which are high in fiber but low in nutrients serve as a feed supplement and filler to the daily diets of dairy cattle and buffalos. Cagayan Valley is an ear of top corn and rice-producing region. The potential of crop residues as feed supplements or raw materials of dairy cattle/buffalo feed mix is great. But dairy farmers still face the scarcity problem of quality feed resources for dairy animals especially during the dry season. The supply of forage is very low during the dry spell. Inadequate feed mix and low nutritive value of feed mix result in low or no milk production. Producing green corn and ensiling it to produce green corn silage preserves and prolong the storage life of forages. In this way, a stable supply of feed mix for dairy animals is assured year-round. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: adoption and commercialization, dairy industry, financial viability, green-corn silage production, indigenous grasses, smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Postharvest Burning of Crop Residues in Home Stoves in a Rural Site of Daejeon, Korea: Its Impact to Atmospheric Carbonaceous Aerosol

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jin Sang Jung ◽  
Ji Hwan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the impact of burning postharvest crop residues in home stoves, PM2.5 samples (particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm) were collected every 3 h at a rural site in Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season in 2014. A high concentration of levoglucosan was observed with a peak value of 3.8 µg/m3 during the sampling period. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.18) at the rural site during a severe BB episode (levoglucosan > 1 μg/m3) was similar to burnings of pepper stems (0.19) and bean stems (0.18) whereas the average OC/levoglucosan ratio (9.9) was similar to burning of pepper stems (10.0), implying that the severe BB episode was mainly attributed to burning of pepper stems. A very strong correlation was observed between levoglucosan and organic carbon (OC) (R2 = 0.81) during the entire sampling period, suggesting that the emission of organic aerosols at the rural site was strongly associated with the burning of crop residues in home stoves. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.17 ± 0.06) in the rural area was similar to that in a nearby urban area in Daejeon (0.16 ± 0.04). It was concluded that crop residue burning in a home stove for space heating is one of the important sources of carbonaceous aerosols not only in a rural area but also in the urban area of Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document