scholarly journals Anthelmintic Activity of Nine Varieties of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp on Haemonchus contortus from Sheep

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faustin Parfait Koutouan ◽  
Yapo Magloire Yapi ◽  
Souleymane Kande ◽  
Eboua Narcisse Wandan
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

Background: Internal parasitosis is the most important parasitism in small ruminants in tropical region. Synthetic anthelmintics are usually used for their control. Due to the emergence of resistance in worm population, the use of alternative methods such as plants bioactive molecules are developed. This study aimed at assessing anthelmintic activity of nine varieties of Cajanus cajan, a taniferous plant cultivated in West Africa. Methods: Leaves of the nine varieties of Cajanus cajan were dried, ground and hydroacetonic extracts were obtained by cold maceration at a concentration of 60 mg/ml. Live adult of Haemonchus contortus were obtained from sheep’s stomach and exposed, in triplicate, to the following solutions: hydroacetonic extracts (60 mg/ml), hydroacetonic extracts (60 mg/ml) associated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (50 mg/ml), Levamisole (20 mg/ml) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. Worm death time was recorded for each treatment. Result: Worms exposed to Levamisole recorded the shortest death time about 9.73±1.77 min. The potent of the extracts induced worm death time of 64.83±4.73 min while the least efficient induced a death time of 156.50±23.20 min. Worms in the PBS solution were still alive after 24 hours of exposure. These results indicated that the four varieties of C. cajan used in this study have promising wormicidal. Besides that, the effect of tannins were not the only compound responsible for the anthelmintic activity.

Essential oils from Ocimum basilicum cultivars: analysis of their composition and determination of the effect of the major compounds on Haemonchus contortus eggs

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I.P. Sousa ◽  
C.R. Silva ◽  
H.N. Costa-Júnior ◽  
N.C.S. Silva ◽  
J.A.O. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Methyl Chavicol ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The continuous use of synthetic anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) has resulted in the increased resistance, which is why alternative methods are being sought, such as the use of natural products. Plant essential oils (EOs) have been considered as potential products for the control of GINs. However, the chemical composition and, consequently, the biological activity of EOs vary in different plant cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of EOs from cultivars of Ocimum basilicum L. and that of their major constituents against Haemonchus contortus. The EOs from 16 cultivars as well the pure compound linalool, methyl chavicol, citral and eugenol were used in the assessment of the inhibition of H. contortus egg hatch. In addition, the composition of three cultivars was simulated using a combination of the two major compounds from each. The EOs from different cultivars showed mean Inhibition Concentration (IC50) varying from 0.56 to 2.22 mg/mL. The cultivar with the highest egg-hatch inhibition, Napoletano, is constituted mainly of linalool and methyl chavicol. Among the individual compounds tested, citral was the most effective (IC50 0.30 mg/mL). The best combination of compounds was obtained with 11% eugenol plus 64% linalool (IC50 0.44 mg/mL), simulating the Italian Large Leaf (Richters) cultivar. We conclude that different cultivars of O. basilicum show different anthelmintic potential, with cultivars containing linalool and methyl chavicol being the most promising; and that citral or methyl chavicol isolated should also be considered for the development of new anthelmintic formulations.

scholarly journals Isorhamnetin: A Nematocidal Flavonoid from Prosopis laevigata Leaves Against Haemonchus contortus Eggs and Larvae

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez ◽  
Alejandro Zamilpa ◽  
Manasés González-Cortazar ◽  
Agustín Olmedo-Juárez ◽  
Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Haemonchus contortus affect small ruminants all over the world. Anthelmintics cause resistance, contamination, and a risk of public health. Prosopis laevigata is a plant used as a home remedy against many diseases in Mexico. This study arose from a preliminary study where a P. laevigata hydroalcoholic extract (Pl-hae) showed anthelmintic activity (aa) against H. contortus. Searching for bioactive compounds (bac) with high aa, the Pl-hae was fractioned obtaining an aqueous (Aq-F) and an ethyl acetate fraction (EtAc-F), and a flavonoid with aa identified as isorhamnetin was obtained from EtAc-F. Both fractions were in vitro assessed by the egg hatch test (eht) and larval mortality (lm) assays. The bac obtained from EtAc-F were characterised by NMR analysis. The highest aa were recorded with EtAc-F, resulting in 100% eht and 80.45% lm at 0.75 and 30 mg/mL, respectively. Alterations in eggs and larvae attributed to isorhamnetin were recorded by environmental scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning and by high-resolution digital-coupled camera. This flavonoid caused 100% eht at 0.07 mg/mL after 48 h and 100% lm at 7.5 mg/mL after 72 h exposure. Isorhamnetin has promising potential as an anthelmintic against sheep haemonchosis.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Activity of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) and Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) against Haemonchus contortus in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Mravčáková ◽  
Michaela Komáromyová ◽  
Michal Babják ◽  
Michaela Urda Dolinská ◽  
Alžbeta Königová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Nematode Eggs

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dry wormwood and mallow on the gastrointestinal parasite of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-four experimentally infected lambs were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: unsupplemented lambs, lambs supplemented with wormwood, lambs supplemented with mallow and animals supplemented with a mix of both plants. Faecal samples from the lambs were collected on day 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64 and 75 post-infection for quantification of the number of eggs per gram (EPG). The mix of both plants contained phenolic acids (10.7 g/kg DM) and flavonoids (5.51 g/kg DM). The nematode eggs were collected and in vitro egg hatch test was performed. The aqueous extracts of both plants exhibited strong ovicidal effect on H. contortus, with ED50 and ED99 values of 1.40 and 3.76 mg/mL and 2.17 and 5.89 mg/mL, respectively, in the in vitro tests. Despite the great individual differences between the treated lambs in eggs reduction, the mean EPG of the untreated and treated groups did not differ (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that using wormwood and mallow as dietary supplements do not have a sufficient effect on lambs infected with H. contortus.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic activity of acetone extracts from South African plants used on egg hatching of Haemonchus contortus

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Fouche ◽  
Bellonah M. Sakong ◽  
Olubukola T. Adenubi ◽  
Elizabeth Pauw ◽  
Tlabo Leboho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
African Plants ◽  
Acetone Extracts

The nematode, Haemonchus contortus, is responsible for major economic losses in the livestock industry. The management of parasites such as H. contortus has been through the use of synthetic parasiticides. This has resulted in the presence of residues in meat and milk, which affects food safety. The development of resistance to available anthelmintics coupled with their high cost has further complicated matters. This has led to the investigation of alternative methods to manage nematodes, including the use of plants and plant extracts as a potential source of novel anthelmintics. Acetone extracts were prepared from 15 South African plant species and their anthelmintic activity determined using the egg hatch assay (EHA). The leaf extract of Cleome gynandra had the best inhibitory activity (68% ± 3%) at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, followed by the stem extract of Maerua angolensis (65% ± 5%). The extracts had a relatively low toxicity on Vero cells determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cellular assay.

scholarly journals Efficacy, toxicity, and lethality of plants with potential anthelmintic activity in small ruminants in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Daniele Mottin ◽  
Jurandir Ferreira da Cruz ◽  
Milton Resende Teixeira Neto ◽  
Gabriele Marisco ◽  
Jennifer Souza Figueredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Action Preparation ◽  
Chemical Inputs

SUMMARY The use of medicinal plants as a therapeutic method in the control of diseases has been increasing in animal production. In the case of small ruminants, the endoparasitic disease is a major concern, since they are considered the greater sanitary problem, especially when considering the phenomenon of parasite resistance to the medicines used. Therefore, the development of alternative methods of endoparasitary control in goats and sheep has become a pressing need. The use of plants to control endoparasites can reduce the use of chemical inputs, making more environmentally sustainable livestock, minimizing the occurrence of parasitic resistance to conventional medicines and contributing to the reduction of production costs. In this sense, several studies have been carried out in order to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo activity of plants with anthelmintic potential. However, despite the potentiality found in many studies, the results are sometimes contradictory or do not replicate in vivo the same efficacy obtained in the in vitro assays. Another relevant aspect is the low utilization of the lethality and toxicity tests, which are indispensable so that the knowledge can be spread and applied by the producers in their herds. Thus, this review aims to provide the results from studies carried out in Brazil with extract of plants with potential for control of parasitic disease in goats and sheep, describing the main evaluated plants species, mechanisms of action, preparation forms and tests of efficacy, toxicity, and lethality.

Comparative in vitro efficacy of kefir produced from camel, goat, ewe and cow milk on Haemonchus contortus

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (04) ◽  
pp. 440-446
Author(s):  
D. Alimi ◽  
M. Rekik ◽  
H. Akkari
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Egg Hatching

AbstractOne of the great challenges of veterinary parasitology is the search for alternative methods for controlling gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants. Milk kefir is a traditional source of probiotic, with great therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic effects of kefir on the abomasal nematode Haemonchus contortus from sheep. The study used camel, goat, ewe and cow milk as a starting material, to produce camel, goat, cow and ewe milk kefir. All kefirs showed a significant concentration-dependent effect on H. contortus egg hatching at all tested concentrations. The highest inhibition (100%) of eggs was observed with camel milk kefir at a concentration 0.125 mg/ml. In relation to the effect of kefirs on the survival of adult parasites, all kefirs induced concentration-dependent mortality in adults, with variable results. The complete mortality (100%) of adults of H. contortus occurred at concentrations in the range 0.25–2 mg/ml. The highest inhibition of motility (100%) of worms was observed after 8 h post exposure with camel milk kefir at 0.25 mg/ml. These findings indicate that kefir can be considered a potential tool to control haemonchosis in sheep. Further investigations are needed to assess the active molecules in kefir responsible for its anthelmintic properties and to investigate similar in vivo effects.

scholarly journals A cysteine protease from the latex of Ficus benjamina has in vitro anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ledia Feitosa Wanderley ◽  
Alexandra Martins dos Santos Soares ◽  
Carolina Rocha e Silva ◽  
Isaias Moreira de Figueiredo ◽  
Andre Teixeira da Silva Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Control Programmes

Abstract Haemonchus contortus is a gastrointestinal nematode that is responsible for high mortality rates in ruminant herds. The resistance of nematodes to synthetic anthelmintics is widespread and requires a continuous search for new bioactive molecules, such as proteins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of a protease purified from the latex of Ficus benjamina against H. contortus . Fresh latex was collected from plants via small incisions in the green stems, the rubber was removed by centrifugation, and the latex protein extract (LPE) was obtained. After LPE fractionation with ammonium sulfate and chromatography of the fraction containing the highest proteolytic activity on CM-cellulose, a cysteine protease (FbP) was purified. FbP has a molecular mass of approximately 23.97 kDa, and its proteolytic activity was stable between pH 6.0 and pH 10 and over a broad temperature range, with optimum activity at 60 °C. FbP inhibited both the development and exsheathment of H. contortus larvae, with 50% effective concentrations of 0.26 and 0.79 mg/mL, respectively. We conclude that this cysteine protease from F. benjamina latex with anthelmintic activity against H. contortus could be a promising alternative for the development of products for use in parasite control programmes.

scholarly journals In vitro effects of Coriandrum sativum, Tagetes minuta, Alpinia zerumbet and Lantana camara essential oils on Haemonchus contortus

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos ◽  
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽  
Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Tagetes Minuta ◽  
Alpinia Zerumbet

Phytotherapy can be an alternative for the control of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants. This study evaluated the efficacy of Alpinia zerumbet, Coriandrum sativum, Tagetes minuta and Lantana camaraessential oils by two in vitro assays on Haemonchus contortus, an egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT). No effect was observed for L. camara in the EHT. A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta essential oils exhibited a dose-dependent effect in the EHT, inhibiting 81.2, 99 and 98.1% of H. contortus larvae hatching, respectively, at a concentration of 2.5 mg mL-1. The effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching was 0.94, 0.63 and 0.53 mg mL-1 for A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta essential oils, respectively. In LDT, L. camara, A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta at concentration of 10 mg mL-1 inhibited 54.9, 94.2, 97.8 and 99.5% of H. contortus larval development, presenting EC50 values of 6.32, 3.88, 2.89 and 1.67 mg mL-1, respectively. Based on the promising results presented in this in vitro model, it may be possible use of these essential oils to control gastrointestinal nematodes. However, their anthelmintic activity should be confirmed in vivo.

In vitro nematocidal activity of commercial fatty acids and β-sitosterol against Haemonchus contortus

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Pineda-Alegría ◽  
J.E. Sánchez ◽  
M. González-Cortazar ◽  
E. von Son-de Fernex ◽  
R. González-Garduño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Egg Hatching

Abstract Haemonchus contortus is a haematophagous gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) that causes severe anaemia and even death in small ruminants, negatively impacting the economic viability of farms. Traditionally, this parasite has been controlled with chemical compounds; however, inadequate use of these types of products has favoured the emergence of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternatives for GIN control. Previous studies have reported the anthelmintic activity of edible mushroom extracts against H. contortus. A recent study reported that a fraction constituted of different fatty acids and β-sitosterol isolated from the basidiomata of the edible mushroom Pleurotus djamor ECS-123 has ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus. Thus, this study aimed to assess the anthelmintic activity of the pure molecules: pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, β-sitosterol, stearic acid and linoleic acid. For this purpose, an egg-hatching inhibition test was carried out in which the compounds were evaluated individually and in combination at a final concentration of 20 mg mL−1. Furthermore, larval mortality was assessed using a combination of the five commercial compounds previously mentioned at different concentrations (1.25–20 mg mL−1). Palmitic acid and stearic acid, in some combinations, inhibited H. contortus egg hatching by 100%. On the other hand, in the larval mortality test, the combination of the five compounds showed dose-dependent behaviour, and 100% mortality was obtained 24 h post-incubation. Pure molecules and their combinations have anthelmintic-like activity against the eggs and larvae of H. contortus.

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