Analysis of Histopathological and Ultrasonographic Testicular Changes Following Intra Testicular Administration of Zinc Gluconate and Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Adult Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aeknath Virendra ◽  
Madhu Swamy ◽  
Nitin Bajaj ◽  
Satya Nidhi Shukla ◽  
Apra Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Zinc Gluconate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Contraceptive Effect ◽  
Stray Dog ◽  
Testicular Injection ◽  
Sexually Mature

Background: Escalating stray dog population is becoming a big problem worldwide. The chemical contraception is gaining more popularity because of its cost effectiveness, easy application and negligible complications. Methods: The present study was designed to analyze the contraceptive effect of intra-testicular injection of zinc gluconate neutralized with arginine and chlorhexidine gluconate in twenty-four sexually mature male mongrel dogs divided into four groups viz I, II, III and IV each of six animals. Groups I, II and III were treated with zinc gluconate neutralized with arginine, 5% and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, respectively and group IV were kept as control. The testicular biopsy samples were collected on day 0 and 30 using 16-gauge biopsy gun. The ultrasonographic examination of testes was done on day 0, 5, 15, 24 and 30. Result: The noteworthy microscopic changes at day 30 such as irregular basement membranes with severe depletion of both germinal and sertoli cells were observed in all the treatment groups. The ultrasonography revealed degenerated testicles and significant diminution in the testicular length by day 30 in all the treatment groups. Thus, intra-testicular injection of zinc gluconate neutralized with arginine, 5% and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate may be used for chemical contraception in dogs.

scholarly journals Pathomorphological changes of flunixin meglumine toxicity in layer chicks

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1253-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Patel ◽  
K. B. Kapadiya ◽  
D. J. Ghodasara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Group I ◽  
Urate Crystals

The aim of the 21 day toxicity study was to evaluate the pathomorphological effect of flunixin meglumine in layer chicks. The chicks of Group I were kept as control while groups II, III and IV were fed with diet containing flunixin meglumine @ 10 ppm, 25 ppm and 50 ppm respectively for 21 days. Clinical signs viz. anorexia, dullness,lethargy, lameness and uneven growth were noticed in chicks of treatment groups III and IV only. Maximum mortality was observed in group IV (12%) followed by group III (4%). A dose dependant reduction in body weight was observed in all the treatment groups. The mean values of Kidney: Body weight ratio was significantly increased in group IV. The plasma uric acid, creatinine and BUN values were significantly increased in group III whereas increase in group IV was highly significant. Grossly, there was deposition of chalky white urates on serosal surface of kidney, heart and liver in chicks of group IV which died during experiment. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by varying degrees of congestion, haemorrhages, degeneration, necrosis and deposition of urate crystals in visceral organs of group III and group IV chicks. The intensity and distribution of pathological lesions were more severe in chicks of group IV, followed by chicks of group III. The overall lesions gave an impression that flunixin meglumine was nephrotoxic in nature.

Oral administration of an anti-inflammatory does not compromise the efficacy of intra-testicular injection of zinc gluconate as a contraceptive for dogs

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika C.S. Oliveira ◽  
Patricia M. Muller ◽  
Fernanda L.M. Silva ◽  
Lorena T.B. Nery ◽  
Marcelo J.C. de Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Zinc Gluconate ◽  
Testicular Injection ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Effects of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin administered in vivo on steroid accumulation by isolated rabbit ovarian follicles

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. YoungLai
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sexually Mature

Abstract. Various doses (5, 50 and 100 IU) of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMS) were administered to sexually mature female rabbits and steroids measured in follicular fluid, ovarian pieces and in incubation media of isolated follicles treated with ovine luteinizing hormone (LH). Follicular fluid progesterone, oestradiol and androgen were increased after PMS injection. Ovarian progesterone content was increased by all doses of PMS, and androgen and oestradiol content only by 50 and 100 IU PMS. Medium sized follicles from rabbits treated with 50 and 100 IU PMS accumulated more progesterone than all follicles from rabbits treated with saline or 5 IU PMS. Androgen accumulation by small follicles from 50 and 100 IU dose rabbits was higher than that by follicles from other treatment groups. Oestradiol accumulation mimicked androgen accumulation. The addition of LH to the medium stimulated the accumulation of progesterone and androgen by all follicles. LH caused an increase in oestradiol accumulation by medium follicles from saline and low dose PMS treated animals. No effect of LH on oestrogen accumulation was seen with large or medium follicles from animals treated with 100 IU PMS or 50 IU PMS for 2 or 3 days. These results suggest that priming of small follicles with PMS can increase their ability to produce androgen which is probably aromatized to oestrogen.

scholarly journals The influence of mouthrinses with antimicrobial solutions on the inhibition of dental plaque and on the levels of mutans streptococci in children

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nildiceli Leite Melo Zanela ◽  
Maria Francisca Thereza Borro Bijella ◽  
Odila Pereira da Silva Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The effect of daily mouthrinses on dental plaque accumulation and on salivary mutans streptococci was investigated in 200 children. The utilized solutions were: a placebo solution composed of mentholated deionized water (group I); 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate associated to 0.05% sodium fluoride (group II); 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (group III), and 0.5% stevioside mixed with 0.05% sodium fluoride, with pH 3.4 (group IV). In order to verify the effect on plaque formation, the accumulation of plaque was assessed by means of the Löe12 index, at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, whereas the quantification of cariogenic streptococci was accomplished on three saliva samples collected at 3 different moments: before the first mouthrinse, 24 hours after the first mouthrinse and 1 week after the last mouthrinse. The mouthrinsing routine was carried out on a daily basis during 4 weeks. Five milliliters of solution were rinsed during 1 minute. The results revealed 4.10, 26.75, 41.20, and 5.91% of reduction in plaque accumulation for groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Comparisons between the groups as to plaque reduction revealed that groups II and III were significantly different from groups I (control) and IV (p < 0.05), but did not differ from each other. The solution utilized by group III was the least accepted by children and, as the solution utilized by group II, caused mild dental pigmentation. There were no statistically significant differences as to the levels of mutans streptococci, probably due to the low initial levels observed in each one of the four groups.

scholarly journals The adverse effect of long term intake of Monosodium Glutamate on kidney performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
Amer M. Hussin ◽  
Ali A. Tala’a ◽  
Safa Abdul Naser Fadhil ◽  
Hamzah Abdulrahman Salman
Keyword(s):  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive that is considered as a water and environmental pollutant and affects the tissues of the living being. This study was aimed to find the effect of long-term administration of MSG on the mass of mesangial cells of the kidneys. Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups (10 each). Control groups 1&2 were supplied orally with distilled water for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Treatment groups 1&2 were supplied orally with 15 mg/kg Bwt of MSG for 30 & 60 days, respectively. Control and treatment groups were sacrificed, specimens of kidneys were obtained, fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed by Routine histological techniques, stained by Hematoxylin and eosin, and PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) stains then examined under the light microscope. The result found enlargement in a mesangial mass represented by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mesangial cells leading to mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Accordingly, the study showed an increase in creatinine values, indicating a disturbance in renal function. This will lead to a decrease in the sizes of the glomeruli of renal corpuscles and a relative increase of Bowman’s space. With the time of the experiment, the glomerular capillaries and gates of basement membranes will be closed, resulting in renal filtration disorders. It was concluded that the long-term intake of MSG leads to indirect narrowing of the glomerular capillary lumen, causing kidney failure.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANE BY USING VARIOUS DRUGS IMMEDIATELY AFTER PARTURITION IN COWS

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Azad ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
B. Sinha ◽  
M. M. Shamsuddin ◽  
F. Y. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Fetal Membrane ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of the study was to investigate for the effect of different drugs immediately after parturition on the reduction of retention of placenta in selected cows. One hundred pregnant cows from members of Community Based Dairy Veterinary Foundation, Shikalbaha, Potiya, Chittagong were included in this study belonged to two breeds viz, cross bred and local, aged 3-8 years, calved 1-5 times with BCS 2-3.5. The cows were divided into five groups; group L (n=20) treated with oxytocin 50 iu/intramuscular, group IL (n=20) treated with calcium 400 ml/intravenous, group III: (n=20) treated with methyl ergometrine maleate 20 mg/intramuscular, group IV: (n=20) treated with oxytocin 50 iu/ intramuscular plus calcium 400 ml/ intravenous and group V: (n=20) served as non-treated control. The incidence of retained fetal membrane was 35% in control group, while that of pooled treatment group had 15%. This reduction was significant (P<0.05). In the present study, there was no significant difference among the different treatment groups on the prevention of retention (P>0.05). The incidence of retained fetal membrane was affected by the age and breed of cows (P<0.05). However, this effect was override by treatment and injection of drugs immediately after parturition decreases the incidence of retention of placenta in cows.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activity of Actinomycetes Against the Growth of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Deby Kania Tri Putri ◽  
Fadel Amirda ◽  
Hilman Muzadi ◽  
Amy Nindia Carabelly ◽  
Isyana Erlita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Oral Microbes ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Antibacterial compounds are generally produced from many herbal ingredients, but antibacterials may be produced from soil microbes, one of which is Actinomycetes. Actinomycetes are a soil bacterium capable of producing secondary metabolites in the form of antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial compound has the potential as an alternative antibacterial agent against oral microbes. One of the oral microbes that have a major role in the occurrence of caries is Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes against the growth of S. mutans and L. acidophilus Actinomycetes extracts at the concentration of 0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% were respectively exerted as the treatment groups while 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHX) and aquadest as control. The measurement of antibacterial activity is done by looking at MIC and MBC. One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Dunnets T3 test MIC and MBC values show p=0,000 (p <0.05). Actinomycetes extract at the concentration of 0.625% was able to inhibit the growth of S. mutans and L. acidophilus which was determined as the MIC and at the concentration of 40% as MBC of S.mutans and the concentration of 10% as MBC of L. acidophilus. There was an antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes to the growth of S. mutans and L.acidophilus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Electroencephalography, Behaviour and Eye Temperature in Response to Surgical Castration in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Charissa Harris ◽  
Peter John White ◽  
Evelyn Hall ◽  
Dominique Van der Saag ◽  
Sabrina Lomax
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Eeg Changes ◽  
Testicular Injection ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Eye Temperature ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Ocular Temperature ◽  
Initial Change

Castration has been demonstrated to cause pain in sheep. However, it is routinely performed for management purposes. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used successfully to measure pain in lambs in response to castration and other husbandry procedures in livestock. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of EEG as a measure of pain and analgesia in conscious lambs undergoing castration on farm over a 24 h period. EEG responses were compared to behavioural observations and changes in ocular temperature via infrared thermography. Twenty-four merino ram lambs (18.63 ± 2.06 kg) were used in this study. Lambs were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment groups: (1) castration with pre-surgical administration of meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg Metacam 20 mg/mL injected subcutaneously into the skin of the neck 15 min prior to recording) and lignocaine (applied via intra-testicular injection five minutes prior to castration, 2 mL lignocaine hydrochloride 20 mg/mL, Troy/Ilium) (CML, n = 8); (2) castration only (C, n = 8); (3) sham castration, handling only (SC, n = 8). EEG was recorded for 5 mins pre-procedure (prior to any intervention), and for 5 mins post-procedure at 0, 1, 4 and 24 h. Behavioural reactions to the procedure were scored, and behaviours were scan sampled at 5 min intervals at the above time points, by blinded observers. Eye temperature was measured for five-minute intervals at each time point. EEG decreased from baseline to 0 h for CML and C groups (p < 0.001), C group values returned similar to baseline at 24 h. Eye temperature increased post-castration at 0 h for C group, no initial change was seen for CML or SC groups. CML and C groups were more likely to have higher reaction scores and showed more abnormal behaviours (p = 0.017). CML and C groups had similar results, indicating minimal effect of analgesic intervention. Lambs in SC group showed significant EEG changes, suggesting that stress from handling also impacted EEG results.

The Effect of Supplemental Oxygen in Sedated and Unsedated Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Al-Qorain ◽  
Y Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
E B Larbi ◽  
F Al-Shedokhi
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Conscious Sedation ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Oxygen Desaturation ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Oxygen Oxygen ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

A total of 212 patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were prospectively studied. They were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (I) sedation with no supplemental oxygen; (II) no sedation and no oxygen supplementation; (III) sedation and supplemental oxygen; and (IV) no sedation but supplemental oxygen. Oxygen desaturation occurred in all the groups except group IV and was worsened by sedation. Supplemental oxygen corrected the desaturation in the sedated patients and minimized the associated haemodynamic changes. The duration of the endoscopy procedure was shortest in patients who were sedated and given supplemental oxygen. It can be concluded that during conscious sedation for upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy, supplemental oxygen should be given and continued during the postendoscopy period to prevent oxygen desaturation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document