Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminthic Infections in Black Bucks (Antilope cervicapra) of Tal Chhapar Sanctuary of Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Chouhan ◽  
P.K. Pilania ◽  
Monika . ◽  
Bhavana Rathore ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Helminthic Infections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Important Field

Background: Blackbuck is the most elegant member of the antelope family has long been associated with Indian culture. Wildlife parasitic diseases represent an important field of investigation as they may have a significant impact on wild animal health and are responsible for one-third of total losses due to all animal diseases. Adequate information on epidemiology of helminthic infections is a crucial requirement for the sustainable control of GIH in black bucks in near future.Methods: A total of 632 faecal samples were collected from Tal-Chhapar Sanctuary of Rajasthan during summer, rainy and winter season from November 2018 to September 2019 and examined qualitatively by faecal floatation and sedimentation techniques for helminth eggs and quantitatively by modified McMaster egg counting technique.Result: Coprological examination of samples revealed an overall prevalence of 72.46% for gastrointestinal helminths (GIH) with a mixed infection of 38.92%. Among different helminths recorded with their respective prevalences (%) were, Strongyle (56.80%), Strongyloides sp. (40.98%), Trichuris sp. (8.22%), Marshallagia sp. (6.64%) and Ascaris sp. (5.22%). Quantitative analysis revealed egg per gram of faeces ranging from 200-1200 and 200-900 with an average of 561.11 ± 67.74 and 469.23 ± 62.50 for strongyle and Strongyloides sp., respectively. Statistical analysis using multivariate binary logistic regression model revealed highly significant difference (P less than 0.01) in the prevalence of GIH infection among different seasons. The coproculture study revealed Bunostomum sp. (42%) as the major contributor of strongyle nematode population, followed by Haemonchus sp. (31%), Trichostrongylus sp. (26%) and Strongyloides sp. (1%).

Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in camels of hyper-arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Parmar ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
P. K. Pilania ◽  
N. Kumar ◽  
Monika . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Helminthic Infections ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Examination Techniques ◽  
Age And Sex

A total 509 faecal samples were collected from camel population of different age and sex from hyper-arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan from March, 2016 to January, 2017.An overall prevalence rate of helminthic infectionswas recorded in 60.70% camelsby conventional faecal examination techniques. Among helminthes, highest prevalence was of strongyles (49.31%) followed by Trichuris sp. (24.75%), Strongyloides sp. (14.14%) and Nematodirus sp.(13.16%). Egg per gram counts of Strongyloides sp, Trichuris sp, and strongyle group was recorded from 100-900 (261.11±40.08); 100-1600 (564.81±23.17) and 100-1900 (624.07±47.73), respectively. Statistical analysis using multivariate binary logistic regression model revealed a highly significant difference (p less than 0.01) in seasonal dynamics and district wise prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthic infections in camel population whereasage and sex wise prevalence analysis revealed statistically non-significant difference. Coproculture study revealed the presence of Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Strongyloides sp. and Nematodirus sp. in the decreasing order of prevalence

Could Be % MMEF and sGaw Determinant Diagnostic Parameters Between Partial Reversibility and Reversibility in Evaluating Short-Acting Bronchodilator Response?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Erdoğan ◽  
Elif Altuğ ◽  
Sacide Rana Işık ◽  
Levent Tabak
Keyword(s):  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Bronchodilator Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Airway Conductance

INTRODUCTION: By examining the relationship between changes in maximum mild-expiratory flow( MMEF) and specific airway conductance(sGaw), parameters with the change in FEV1 when evaluating the spirometer test and the bronchodilator response, we investigated their diagnostic contribution to the bronchodilator response in those with partial responses to FEV1. METHODS: The retrospective study sample consists of data from 112 patients between Jun 1, 2019, and Feb 1, 2020 who applied to the pulmonary function laboratory with a pre-diagnosis of bronchial hyperreactivity as well as body plethysmography test performed together with the reversibility test. RESULTS: MMEF% and ▲sGaw were linearly correlated with ▲FEV1 (respectively r = 0.752; p <0.001, r = 0.611; p <0.001). While there was a significant difference between ▲MMEF% and ▲sGaw between reversible, partially reversible, and irreversible groups (P <0.001), there was no significant difference in ▲sGaw between partial reversible and reversible groups in post-hoc comparisons (P> 0.05). In the binary logistic regression model created between the partially reversible and reversible groups, demographic characteristics, MMEF% and ▲sGaw variables, ▲MMEF was an independent predictor [OR: 1.132; 95% CI (1.036-1.238), p = 0.006]. The 24% threshold for absolute reversibility or partial reversibility calculated with MMEF% was significant, indicating significance at 86.2% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity (AUC: 0.811, 95% CI: 0.686-0.936; p <0.001). This value we found defined 81% of the partially reversible group as reversible. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We observed that ▲sGaw alone didn' have a determinant contribution for determining reversibility in bronchodilator response, which showed partial reversibility with respect to FEV1 change. We believe that ▲MMEF% can be an independent predictor between these two groups and the calculated threshold value of 24% can be used as a criterion for determining the reversibility in cases where FEV1 is not determinant.

scholarly journals Migration among Farmers in Delta State, Nigeria: Is it a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Ofuoku ◽  
Davina Okompu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Farming Households

Abstract Objective: The study has the purpose of evaluating the nexus between climate change and migration of farmers in Delta State, Nigeria. The influence exerted by cognitive situations and climate – driven stress on farmers’ decisions to migrate and the socioeconomic attributes of migrating and non-migrating farm families are examined. The emphasis is the function of migration in accessing climate and agricultural extension services as well as the contribution made by migration to promote farmers’ climate change coping capacity.Methodology: Survey was articulated using farming households in three agricultural zones of Delta State, Nigeria. Perceptions of farmers about alterations in climate were examined with the use of mental map technique. Binary logistic regression model was applied to assess the function of socioeconomic attributes of farm families while descriptive statistics was employed in evaluating the adaptive capacities of the migrating farming households.Findings: Climate – driven livelihood variables form part of the main propellers of migration among farmers. Migration as well as the socioeconomic attributes are influenced by perception of farmers about climate change. These appears significant difference between migrating and non-migrating farm families with respect to utilization of information, technology and knowledge emanating from agricultural and climate extension services. The gains from remittances, knowledge and social networks from host communities or zones raises migrating farm families capacity to adapt to climate change.Theoretical Implications: This paper contributes to the progressively dynamic body of knowledge by pointing out migration as an alternative climate change adaptation strategy to promote agriculture food security in any part of the world.Originality/Value: Micro – evidence is offered by this study with respect to contribution made by migration to adaptive capacity of farmers and their ability to have access to agricultural and climate extension services. This will be useful in the analysis of climate – driven migration in other nations that are agricultural economies. Insight is also offered regarding policy needs for the scaling down of farmers’ vulnerability to climate change.

Using procalcitonin (PCT) to guide antibiotics escalation in suspicious infected patients: a new application of PCT in ICU

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Huaiwu He ◽  
Yun Long ◽  
Guangliang Shan ◽  
Dongkai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wbc Count

Abstract Background Empirical antibiotic therapy before pathogen recognition is a tricky problem for suspicious infected patients in ICU. Procalcitonin (PCT) is efficient in degrading antibiotics level without increasing complications for its sensitivity and specificity in bacterial infection. Considering this, we hypothesized that PCT might be significant in indicating timely antibiotics escalation and improve patients’ outcomes. Methods This was a single-center retrospective study including patients with suspected infection who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to June 2018. Patients were labelled as “antibiotic escalation” or “non-escalation” according to their antimicrobial use 48 h before and after the "PCT alert". “PCT alert” was defined as PCT ≥1.0 ng/mL that had not decreased by at least 10% from the previous day or from baseline, or a single measurement ≥ 1.0 ng/ml. Indicators that possibly influenced the prognosis were collected. 28-day intensive care unit (ICU)-free days were calculated; ICU stays >20 days and ≤20 days were considered nonprolonged ICU stays (nPISs) and prolonged ICU stays (PISs), respectively. Difference analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to determine the factors that influenced the 28-day ICU-free days . Results A total of 1109 patients were included, 654 in the PIS group, other 455 in nPIS group. The PIS group had higher rates of pathogen identification (33.94% vs 28.13%, P=0.047) and escalated antibiotic therapy (35.47% vs 20.66%, P<0.001) but a lower proportion of surgical patients (39.45% vs 54.95%, P<0.001) than the nPIS group. Regarding PCT, the values on the 1st day (20.36±43.89 vs 14.89±30.37 ug/L, P=0.014) and on the “alert day” (24.24±46.38 vs 18.75±32.69 ug/L; P=0.021) were higher in the PIS group than nPIS group, but no significant difference in the white blood cell (WBC) count was revealed. According to the binary logistic regression model, antibiotic escalation (OR=0.552, 95% CI 0.347-0.877, P=0.012) was a negative factor for PIS, while postsurgical status (OR=1.959, 95% CI 1.269-3.023, P=0.002) and age (OR=1.020, 95% CI 1.007-1.034, P=0.003) were positive factors. Conclusions PCT is significant in evaluating the effect of empirical antibiotic therapy. Escalating microbial ranks when “alert PCT” appeared can increase 28-day ICU-free days.

scholarly journals Increased procalcitonin indicates antibiotic escalation in ICU patients: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Huaiwu He ◽  
YUN LONG ◽  
Guangliang Shan ◽  
Dongkai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wbc Count

Abstract Background: Empirical antibiotic therapy often fails to cover all pathogens for patients with critical infection without pathogen identification. In these patients, progressive infection can manifest as a “procalcitonin (PCT) alert”. Delayed proper antibiotic escalation could worsen their prognosis. We hypothesized that for these patients, escalating antibiotics after a “PCT alert” would improve their outcomes.Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study including patients with suspected infection who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to June 2018. Patients were labelled as “antibiotic escalation” or “nonescalation” according to their antimicrobial use 48 h before and after the "PCT alert". “PCT alert” was defined as PCT ≥1.0 ng/mL that had not decreased by at least 10% from the previous day or from baseline, or a single measurement ≥ 1.0 ng/ml. Indicators that possibly influenced the prognosis were collected. 28-day intensive care unit (ICU)-free days were calculated; ICU stays >20 days and ≤20 days were considered nonprolonged ICU stays (nPISs) and prolonged ICU stays (PISs), respectively. Difference analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to determine the factors that influenced the 28-day ICU-free days . Results: A total of 1109 patients were included, 654 in the PIS group, other 455 in nPIS group. The PIS group had higher rates of pathogen identification (33.94% vs 28.13%, P=0.047) and escalated antibiotic therapy (35.47% vs 20.66%, P<0.001) but a lower proportion of surgical patients (39.45% vs 54.95%, P<0.001) than the nPIS group. Regarding PCT, the values on the 1st day (20.36±43.89 vs 14.89±30.37 ug/L, P=0.014) and on the “alert day” (24.24±46.38 vs 18.75±32.69 ug/L; P=0.021) were higher in the PIS group than nPIS group, but no significant difference in the white blood cell (WBC) count was revealed. According to the binary logistic regression model, antibiotic escalation (OR=0.552, 95% CI 0.347-0.877, P=0.012) was a negative factor for PIS, while postsurgical status (OR=1.959, 95% CI 1.269-3.023, P=0.002) and age (OR=1.020, 95% CI 1.007-1.034, P=0.003) were positive factors. Conclusions Escalating antibiotics in high-risk infection patients whose PCT does not decrease expectedly after administering broad-spectrum antimicrobials may reduce their ICU stay.

scholarly journals Parenting Styles and Alcohol Use in Brazilian Males

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke do Pillar Pinheiro ◽  
Paula Inez Cunha Gomide
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract Parenting styles have been identified as some of the most important factors of risk for and protection against alcohol use among adolescents. This study aimed at comparing maternal and paternal parenting styles in groups of adult alcoholic and non-alcoholic men. Participants were 260 adult males, half of whom had been diagnosed with alcoholism whilst the others did not have a history of such disorder. The comparison between the alcoholic and control groups showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in relation to both paternal and maternal parenting practices. The binary logistic regression model containing paternal PSI, age, education and maternal PSI (χ2 = 5.224; p = 0.022; R2Nagelkerke = 0.801) showed that paternal PSI was the main predictor of alcoholism.

scholarly journals Predictor of postoperative dyspnea for Pierre Robin Sequence infants

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 915-920
Author(s):  
Ning Yin ◽  
Lei Fang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yousong Cai ◽  
Guoxiang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Pierre Robin Sequence ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Robin Sequence ◽  
Lehane Grade ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
American Society ◽  
Pierre Robin

AbstractThe aim of this retrospective study is to determine the predictive factors of postoperative dyspnea in infants with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Forty children with PRS, who underwent general anesthesia, were retrospectively analyzed. The patient’s physiological status and anesthesiology data were collected accordingly, demographic characteristics including age, gender, height and weight at surgery, weight gain, preoperative airway status, tracheal intubation route, American Society of Anesthesiologists grading and airway Cormack–Lehane classification. Weight gain, dyspnea before the operation, Cormack–Lehane grade distribution showed a significant difference between patients with and without postoperative dyspnea (p = 0.0175, p = 0.0026, and p = 0.0038, respectively). Incompetent weight gain was identified as a predictor (p = 0.0371) of PRS postoperative dyspnea through the binary logistic regression model. In conclusion, this study established an early alerting model by monitoring the weight gain, dyspnea before the operation, Cormack–Lehane grade as potential combinations to predict the risk of postoperative dyspnea for PRS.

Credit constraints and Rural Migration: Evidence from Six Villages in Uttar Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Male Migration ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Rural economies in developing countries are often characterized by credit constraints. Although few attempts have been made to understand the trends and patterns of male out-migration from Uttar Pradesh (UP), there is dearth of literature on the linkage between credit accessibility and male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The present study tries to fill this gap. The objective of this study is to assess the role of credit accessibility in determining rural male migration. A primary survey of 370 households was conducted in six villages of Jaunpur district in Uttar Pradesh. Simple statistical tools and a binary logistic regression model were used for analyzing the data. The result of the empirical analysis shows that various sources of credit and accessibility to them play a very important role in male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The study also found that the relationship between credit constraints and migration varies across various social groups in UP.

Оrganic Meat Production of Broiler Chickens Hubbard Redbro Cross

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of studying the impact of housing and feeding conditions on broiler chickens of Hubbard RedBro cross, as well as the quality of products obtained when using floor and cage content, in a farm. It established that when receiving a mixed feed of own production using feed raw materials grown on a farm without the use of pesticides, a statistically significant decrease in potentially dangerous substances for animal health is recorded. Compared with factory feed, it has reduced the content of pesticides by 14 times, and mercury and arsenic by 24 times, cadmium by five times, and lead by ten times. The results of the study of economic indicators of growing Hubbard RedBro cross broiler chickens, as well as the chemical composition and quality of carcasses, indicated that there was no significant difference between the floor and cell conditions of keeping. Still, the use of a diet based on eco-feeds contributed to a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of toxic metals in the muscles of the poultry of the experimental groups. As a result, it found that the use of the studied compound feed in the diets of broiler chickens increased the indicators of Biosafety and ensured the production of environmentally safe ("organic") poultry meat products.

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