scholarly journals Heterosis Effects on Genetic Biofortification of Grain Iron and Zinc in Pearl Millet (Pennisetumglacum L.).

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shobha Rani ◽  
G. Anil Kumar ◽  
K. Sravanti ◽  
C.V. Sameer Kumar ◽  
S. Maheswaramma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

Pearl millet is traditionally a small grain crop, adapted to marginal environments. Micronutrient malnutrition arising from deficiency of one or more essential micronutrients. Crop biofortification is a sustainable and cost-effective approach to address micro nutrient malnutrition, especially in the developing world. It refers to the development of micronutrient-dense staple crops using conventional breeding practices. Availability of traits of concern in improved genetic background greatly enhances the breeding efficiency for the target trait combining with other desirable agronomic traits. The main objective of this study was to determine heterosis for Fe and Zn by using line x tester analysis. Low level of heterosis over mid-parent (MP) for grain Fe and Zn and no hybrid with significant heterosis over better-parent (BP) for Fe and Zn, suggested that there would be little opportunity, if any, to exploit heterosis for these traits. This would also mean that to breed high Fe and high Zn hybrids, these traits will have to breed into both parental lines of hybrids.Based on the results, it can be concluded that there are good prospects of genetic enhancement for grain Fe and Zn content ratio interm of hybrid development in pearl millet.

scholarly journals Breeding Biofortified Pearl Millet Varieties and Hybrids to Enhance Millet Markets for Human Nutrition

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahalingam Govindaraj ◽  
Kedar Nath Rai ◽  
Binu Cherian ◽  
Wolfgang Helmut Pfeiffer ◽  
Anand Kanatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

Pearl millet is an important food crop in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Iron and zinc deficiencies are widespread and serious public health problems worldwide, including in India and Africa. Biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural strategy to address this problem. The aim of this review is to provide the current biofortification breeding status and future directions of the pearl millet for growing nutrition markets. Research on the pearl millet has shown that a large genetic variability (30–140 mg kg−1 Fe and 20–90 mg kg−1 Zn) available in this crop can be effectively utilized to develop high-yielding cultivars with high iron and zinc densities. Open-pollinated varieties (Dhanashakti) and hybrids (ICMH 1202, ICMH 1203 and ICMH 1301) of pearl millet with a high grain yield and high levels of iron (70–75 mg kg−1) and zinc (35–40 mg kg−1) densities have been developed and released first in India. Currently, India is growing > 70,000 ha of biofortified pearl millet, and furthermore more pipeline cultivars are under various stages of testing at the national (India) and international (west Africa) trials for a possible release. Until today, no special markets existed to promote biofortified varieties and hybrids as no incentive price to products existed to address food and nutritional insecurity simultaneously. The market demand is likely to increase only after an investment in crop breeding and the integration into the public distribution system, nutritional intervention schemes, private seed and food companies with strong mainstreaming nutritional policies. The following sections describe various aspects of breeding and market opportunity for addressing micronutrient malnutrition.

scholarly journals Characterization and genetic potential of African pearl millet named landraces conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
K. N. Reddy ◽  
M. Irshad Ahmed ◽  
Senthil Ramachandran ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Cluster 2 ◽  
Adoption Pattern ◽  
High Tillering

AbstractThe world collection of pearl millet at ICRISAT genebank includes 19,696 landraces. Passport and characterization data of 2,929 accessions belonging to 89 named landraces originating in 15 countries of Africa was used to study the adoption pattern and genetic potential. Out of 89 named landraces under study, 71 were grown in one country, 11 in two countries, six in three countries and one in four countries. Latitude and prevailing climate at collection sites were found as the important determinants of cultivation pattern of landraces. A hierarchical cluster analysis using 12 agronomic traits resulted in five clusters. Cluster 1 for late flowering, short height in rainy season, high tillering and thin panicles; cluster 2 for early flowering; cluster 3 for stout panicles in both the seasons and larger seeds and cluster 5 for longer panicles in both seasons, were found as promising sources. IP 8957, IP 8958, IP 8964 of Iniadi landrace for short height, downy mildew and rust resistance and high seed iron and zinc contents; IP 17521 of Gnali (106.9 ppm) and IP 11523 of Idiyouwe (106.5 ppm) for high seed iron content; IP 17518 of Gnali (79.1 ppm) and IP 11535 of Iniadi (78.4 ppm) for high seed zinc content were the important sources. All accessions of Raa for high seed protein content (>15%) and those of Enele for drought tolerance, were found to be promising sources. Further evaluation of promising sources identified in this study is needed for enhanced utilization of germplasm in pearl millet improvement.

Generation mean analysis of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] grain iron and zinc contents and agronomic traits in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 103066
Author(s):  
Bassirou Sani Boubacar Gaoh ◽  
Prakash I. Gangashetty ◽  
Riyazaddin Mohammed ◽  
Daniel Kwadjo Dzidzienyo ◽  
Pangirayi Tongoona
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Generation Mean Analysis ◽  
Iron And Zinc

scholarly journals Breeding Biofortified Pearl Millet Varieties and Hybrids to Enhance Millet Markets for Human Nutrition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahalingam Govindaraj ◽  
Kedarnath Rai ◽  
Binu Cherian ◽  
Wolfgang Pfeiffer ◽  
Anand Kanatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Pearl millet is an important food crop in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions of Africa and Asia. These regions are home to millions of poor smallholder’s households living in harsh agro ecology and reported higher prevalence of malnutrition. Such poor households have few options in terms of food crops, besides the limited markets. Indeed, pearl millet is one of the food crops they continue to grow for their food and nutritional security. Pearl millet is important sources of dietary carbohydrates, energy, protein, and important minerals such as calcium, iron and zinc. Considering inherent high nutritional values and climate resilient nature (drought and heat), demand for pearl millet as food, beside valued for its Stover as a source of livestock fodder, is projected to grow strongly in Asia (India) and Africa (West and Central Africa). Iron (cause anemia) and zinc (cause stunting) deficiencies are widespread and serious public health problems worldwide, including India and Africa. Biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural strategy to address this problem. Research on pearl millet has shown that large genetic variability (30-140 mg/kg Fe and 20-90 mg/kg Zn) available in this crop can be effectively utilized to develop high-yielding cultivars with high iron and zinc densities. Both Open –pollinated varieties (Dhanshakti and Chakti) and hybrids (ICMH 1202, ICMH 1203 and ICMH 1301) of pearl millet with high grain yield (>3.5 tons/ha in hybrids) and high levels of iron (70-75 mg/kg) and zinc (35-40 mg/kg) densities have been developed and released. Currently, India growing >70,000 ha of biofortified pearl millet, besides more pipeline hybrids and varieties are under various stage of testing at the national (India) and international (west Africa) trials for possible release. Genomic tools will be an integral part of breeding program particularly for nutritional traits to use diagnostic markers and genomic selection. Clinical studies showed that 200g grains from biofortified cultivar would provide bioavailable Fe to meet full recommended daily allowance (RDA) in children, adult men and 80% of the RDA in women. Till today, no markets to promote biofortified cultivars/grains/products as no incentive price and such products aims to address food and nutritional security challenges simultaneously. The demand is likely to increase only after investment and integration into modern public distribution system, nutritional intervention schemes, private seed and food companies with strong mainstreaming nutritional policies. In the non-traditional regions, this will contribute to livestock and poultry feed industry as spill-over benefits to improve nutrition.

scholarly journals Iniadi pearl millet germplasm as a valuable genetic resource for high grain iron and zinc densities

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Rai ◽  
G. Velu ◽  
M. Govindaraj ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
A. S. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Crop biofortification is increasingly being recognized as a cost-effective and sustainable approach to address the widespread micronutrient malnutrition arising from Fe and Zn deficiencies. Pearl millet as a cereal crop species has higher Fe density than all other major cereals. Earlier studies in pearl millet have shown that breeding lines, hybrid parents, improved populations and composites having high Fe and Zn densities were often based largely or entirely on iniadi pearl millet germplasm. In an attempt to identify additional sources of high Fe density in this group of germplasm, 297 accessions were screened using Perl's Prussian Blue staining, of which 191 accessions (118 from Togo, 62 from Ghana and 11 from Burkina Faso) were re-evaluated during the 2010 rainy and 2012 summer seasons using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy method. On the basis of the mean performance over the two seasons (environments), large variability was observed for both Fe (51–121 mg/kg) and Zn (46–87 mg/kg) densities. There was a highly significant and positive correlation between the two micronutrients (r= 0.77, P< 0.01). Of these re-evaluated accessions, 49% had higher Fe density than the high-Fe control commercial cultivar ICTP 8203 (81 mg/kg), and most of these accessions also had Zn density ≥ 61 mg/kg (59 mg/kg for ICTP 8203). A total of 27 accessions (20 from Togo and seven from Ghana) having a Fe density of 95–121 mg/kg (1 standard error of difference above that for ICTP 8203) and a Zn density of 59–87 mg/kg were selected as a valuable germplasm resource for genetic improvement of these two micronutrients in pearl millet.

scholarly journals Genetic enhancement of grain iron and zinc content in pearl millet

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedar N. Rai ◽  
Mahalingam Govindaraj ◽  
Aluri S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Iron And Zinc

scholarly journals Iron and zinc concentrations in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds and their relationship with other nutritional and yield parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
PASUPULETI JANILA ◽  
S. N. NIGAM ◽  
R. ABHISHEK ◽  
V. ANIL KUMAR ◽  
S. S. MANOHAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Stable Performance

SUMMARYBiofortification (delivery of micronutrients via micronutrient-dense crops) can be achieved through plant breeding and offers a cost-effective and sustainable approach to fighting micronutrient malnutrition. The present study was conducted to facilitate the initiation of a breeding programme to improve the concentration of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds. The experiment was conducted with 64 diverse peanut genotypes for 2 years in eight different environments at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India to assess the genetic variation for Fe and Zn concentrations in peanut seeds and their heritability and correlations with other traits. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes and environments for Fe (33–68 mg/kg), Zn (44–95 mg/kg), protein (150–310 mg/g) and oil (410–610 mg/g) concentration in seeds and their heritability was high, thus indicating the possibility of improving them through breeding. As seen in other plants, a significant positive association between concentrations of Fe and Zn was observed. Trade-offs between pod yield and Fe and Zn concentrations were not observed and the same was also true for oil content. Besides being high yielding, genotypes ICGV 06099 (57 mg/kg Fe and 81 mg/kg Zn) and ICGV 06040 (56 mg/kg Fe and 80 mg/kg Zn) had stable performance for Fe and Zn concentrations across environments. These are the ideal choices for use as parents in a breeding programme and in developing mapping populations.

scholarly journals Breeding for enhanced zinc and iron concentration in CIMMYT spring wheat germplasm

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S174-S177 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Velu ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
J. Huerta-Espino ◽  
J. Peña ◽  
I. Ortiz-Monasterio
Keyword(s):  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploids ◽  
Dietary Deficiency

Micronutrient malnutrition, resulting from dietary deficiency of important minerals such as zinc&nbsp;(Zn) and iron (Fe), is a widespread food-related health problem. Genetic enhancement of crops with elevated levels of these micronutrients is one of the most cost effective ways of solving global micronutrient malnutrition problem. Development and dissemination of high Zn and Fe containing high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat varieties by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is initially targeted for the Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia, a region with high population density and high micronutrient malnutrition. The most promising sources for grain Zn and Fe concentrations are wild relatives, primitive wheats and landraces. Synthetic hexaploids were developed at CIMMYT by crossing Aegilops taushii and high Zn and Fe containing accessions of T. dicoccon. Current breeding efforts at CIMMYT have focused on transferring genes governing increased Zn and Fe from T. spelta, T. dicoccon based synthetics, land races and other reported high Zn and Fe&nbsp;sources to high yielding elite wheat backgrounds.

scholarly journals Intra-population genetic variance for grain iron and zinc contents and agronomic traits in pearl millet

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahalingam Govindaraj ◽  
Kedar N. Rai ◽  
Ponnusamy Shanmugasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Iron And Zinc
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