Effect of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics and Performance of Maize Crop

Background: Maize is the third most important cereal in India after rice and wheat which contributes nearly 9% in national food basket. Weed infestation is a major problem in maize, primarily at initial growth stages and due to wider spacing, hence weed control is essential to reduce the competition with maize crop. In maize row to row spacing is more so maximum number of weeds appears and compete with main crop. Methods: A field experiment was conducted in the University Agricultural Farm under the Department of Agronomy in kharif 2019. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture having pH 6.87 and electrical conductivity 0.32 mmhos/cm. The experiment was comprised of eight treatments and laid out in randomized block design with three replications T0 (Control), T1 (Hand weeding at 20 DAS, 40 DAS), T2 (Atrazine 1 kg/ha after 3 days of sowing), T3 (Metribuzin 1 kg/ha after 3 days of sowing), T4 (Alachlor 1.5 kg/ha after 3 days of sowing), T5 (Atrazine + hand weeding 1 kg/ha (after 3 days and 30 days after sowing), T6 (Metribuzin + hand weeding 1 kg/ha (after 3 days and 30 days after sowing), T7 (Alachlor + hand weeding 1.5 kg/ha (after 3 days and 30 days after sowing). The texture of the experimental field soil was sandy loam having pH-6.87, EC-0.32 mmhos/cm. Result: The weed species recorded at the experimental site were mainly comprised with grasses, sedges and broadleaf weeds. The dominant weed species infested in the experimental field were: Cynodon dactylon (doob grass), Cyperus rotundus, Amaranthus viridis, Anagallis arvensis, Argemone mexicana, Chenopodium album, Parthenium hysterophorus and Trianthema prolacastrum. Significant reduction in the weed density was recorded in manual weeding. The highest plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, flag leaf length, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, grain yield and stover yield was recorded highest with hand weeding which was followed by T7 (Alachlor + hand weeding 1.5 kg/ha (after 3 days and 30 days after sowing).

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Effect of duration of weed competition and weed control on the yield of Indian spinach

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2306 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 623-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MSA Khan ◽

MA Hossain ◽

M Nurul Islam ◽

SN Mahfuza ◽

MK Uddin

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Critical Period ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Weed Species ◽

Maximum Benefit ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Crop Weed Competition

Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur during kharif-1 (March to July) seasons of 2005 and 2006 to identify the critical period of crop-weed competition for Indian spinach. Major weed species were Paspalurn commersoni, Echinochlaa crusgalli. Lie nv/nc india. Cyanotis axillaris and Cyperus rotundus. The lowest weed dry matter was 76.3 g m-2 in 2005 and l01.60 g m-2 in 2006 from the plots weeded up to 40 days after transplanting (DAT). The highest yields were obtained (74.82 t ha in 2005 and 48.48 t ha in 2006) from the weed free plots. The fresh yield of Indian spinach did not vary among no weeding upto 20, 30 and 40 DAT in 2006. But weeded plot upto 30 and 40 DAT produced identical yield in 2005. Maximum BCR (4.52) was obtained from weeded plots upto 30 DAT in 2005 but BCR (2.60) was same from weeded upto 30 and 40 DA F in 2006. On an average, highest BCR (3.55) was recorded from weeding upto 30 DAT. Results revealed that the critical period of crop weed competition lies between 20 and 30 DAT and two times hand weeding would be necessary within 30 DAT for maximum benefit. Key Words: Crop-weed competitions, critical period, weed management and Indian spinach. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2306 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 623-629, December 2008

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Evaluation of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Variables and Yield of Wheat Varieties

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2020/v5i430112 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-30

Author(s):

Md. Golam Mostafa ◽

Syed Arvin Hassan ◽

Md. Ehsanul Haq ◽

Md. Ahasan Habib ◽

Kaniz Fatema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽

Weed Species ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted in medium fertile soil at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during November 2017 to April 2018 in Rabi season with a view to evaluate the performance of wheat varieties under different weed control methods. The experiment was carried out with three varieties i.e. BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 in the main plot and five weed management methods viz. control (no weeding), two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS pre-emergence, Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon) 1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS as post-emergence herbicide and Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS + Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon)1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS in the sub plot in split plot design. Nine different major weed species were found in the field such as Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brassica kaber, Leliotropium indicum, Vicia sativa. Results reveled that BARI Gom-30 contributed the highest grain yield 3.01 tha-1. Pre-emergence application of Panida 33EC controlled weeds significantly which showed highest growth followed by yield achieved in wheat. BARI Gom-30 in combination with Panida 33EC produced the highest grain yield 3.52 tha-1 while the lowest grain yield 2.09 t ha-1 was obtained from BARI Gom-28 with no weeding treatment. Results reveled that Panida 33EC (pre-emergence) was found more effective to controlling weeds in wheat. Results of the study finally reveled that Panida 33EC might be considered as a feasible option for combating weed and ensuring higher yield in wheat cultivation.

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Kompetisi beberapa jenis gulma terhadap pertumbuhan awal beberapa varietas tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)

Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman Tropis ◽

10.19184/jptt.v1i1.15585 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Dentin Queentiara Moelyaandani ◽

S Setiyono

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Initial Growth ◽

High Productivity ◽

Sugarcane Varieties ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Best Response ◽

Number Of Leaves

Sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L.) is a sugar-producing plant and is a food commodity that is needed by the people of Indonesia. National sugar demands are increasing every year. The low productivity of sugarcane is due to the competition of weeds which can reduce sugarcane production. To achieve high productivity, it is necessary to pay attention to the varieties used because they require certain conditions in their management. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of varieties and types of weeds on the initial growth of sugarcane. The study was conducted from September 2018 to December 2018. The study used factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors and four replications. The first factor consists of 4 sugarcane varieties, namely: Bululawang (V1), Red HW (V2), VMC (V3) and PS 862 (V4). The second factor type of weed consists of 2 types, namely Cyperus rotundus (N1) and Amaranthus spinosus L. (N2). The results showed that (1) There was interaction between the varieties (V) and the weed types (N) in stem diameter parameters and number of tillers, the treatment V4N1 gives the best response to stem diameter 1,31 cm and 4,25 number of tillers; (2) The treatment of varieties (V) gives affects to stem diameter and number of leaves, the treatment V4 gives the best response 5,38 to number of leaves; (3) Types of thorn spinach weeds can reduce the initial growth of sugarcane. Keywords: Varieties; weed; sugarcane

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Weed Management in Wheat by Cuscuta Alone and in Combination with Commercial Weedicides Allymax and Axial

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582020380100030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

Author(s):

Y. ABDULLAH ◽

M.S. BALOCH ◽

A.N. SHAH ◽

M.M. HASHIM ◽

M.A. NADIM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Weed Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Area Index ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Hand Weeding

ABSTRACT: The present study was to assess the additive effects of cuscuta (akasbel) aqueous extract alone and in combination with full and reduced doses of commercially available weedicides against weeds in wheat crop during the year 2016-2017. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The results showed that hand weeding and use of weedicides Allymax and Axial (full and half recommended doses) significantly controlled all prevailing weeds and increased yield and yield contributing parameters over the weedy check/control and sole application of cuscuta aqueous extract. Hand weeding and Allymax (full dose) showed minimum weed population, relative density, fresh and dry weed biomass and higher leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), plant height, 1000 grain weight and grain yield while net assimilation rate (NAR), chlorophyll content, number of tillers, spike length, grains spike-1 and biological yield were maximum only in hand weeding. These findings suggest that in order to attain highest wheat yield, the field should be kept free from weeds by hand weeding (if labour is not a limiting factor) or use recommended dose of weedicide Allymax for efficient weed management in wheat.

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Studies on weed cover and diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) as influenced by weed management and balanced fertilization techniques

Current Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.12944/carj.5.3.19 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 387-395

Author(s):

Raj Kumar Nagar ◽

Dinesh Kumar Jain

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Weed Species ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Weed Density ◽

Chenopodium Murale ◽

Balanced Fertilization ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted to analyze the types of flora, intensity, cover and effects on yields of coriander. Pooled analysis of data indicated that Goose foot (Chenopodium murale L.), Corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.) among dicots and Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) among monocots were found most dominant weeds at all stages of crop growth. Of the total eight weed species reported dicot weeds were found most dominating weed species and comprises 78-80 percent of total weed density throughout crop cycle. All weed management practices significantly reduced the density of monocot and dicot weeds and improved the yield (seed and biological yield) of crop as compared to control. Two hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS resulted in maximum reduction in total weed density and gave the highest seed (15.84 q/ha) and biological yield (41.11 q/ha) of coriander. However, seed and biological yields was obtained at par by pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + one hand weeding at 45 DAS. This treatment also resulted in favorably lowest weed competition index as compared to rest of other practices. Balanced fertilization with N+P+K+S also improved monocot and dicot weed density but the effect was not significant over N+P and N+P+K fertilization. N+P+K+S fertilization significantly enhanced crop seed and biological yields over N+P (1.86 q/ha and 4.36 q/ha, respectively) and N+P+K application (0.94 q/ha and 2.20 q/ha, respectively). Weed management and balanced fertilization practices also found to have significant interaction effect on seed and biological yield of coriander.

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Influence of Weeds on Yacon Initial Growth and Development

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582020380100020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

Author(s):

M.O. CABRAL ◽

F.L. OLIVEIRA ◽

L.P. DALVI ◽

A.G. TEIXEIRA ◽

L.J.F.N. ROCHA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Weed Species ◽

Bidens Pilosa ◽

Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Number Of Stems

ABSTRACT: The consumption of yacon has been increasing around the world due to the nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of this plant. The growing commercial interest in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) generates a demand for crop management research studies, including the effect of weed competition on yacon, which was not yet studied. Thus, this study was performed with the objective of evaluating the effects of weed competition on yacon development and growth. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and seven replicates. Treatments were yacon with the interference of four weed species: Cyperus rotundus L. (nutgrass), Commelina benghalensis L. (tropical spiderwort), Amaranthus viridis L. (slender amaranth) and Bidens pilosa L. (hairy beggarticks). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using 10 dm3 pots. Plant height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area, fresh and dry mass weight (total and partial), and chlorophyll A, B and total were evaluated. The weed competition resulted in a decrease in the yacon development (height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area), photosynthetic rate (decreased chlorophyll content A, B and total) and yield, as also decreased the accumulation of fresh and dry biomass of tuberous roots. C. benghalensis L. and A. viridis L. were the weeds most affecting the development and growth of yacon.

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Effect of Rhizobium inoculation of seeds and foliar fertilization on productivity of Pisum sativum L.

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2013.024 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 71-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tadeusz Zając ◽

Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra ◽

Andrzej Oleksy

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Grain Legume ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Area Index ◽

Active Radiation ◽

Experimental Field

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the second most important grain legume crop in the world which has a wide array of uses for human food and fodder. One of the major factors that determines the use of field pea is the yield potential of cultivars. Presently, pre-sowing inoculation of pea seeds and foliar application of microelement fertilizers are prospective solutions and may be reasonable agrotechnical options. This research was undertaken because of the potentially high productivity of the 'afila' morphotype in good wheat complex soils. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of vaccination with Rhizobium and foliar micronutrient fertilization on yield of the afila pea variety. The research was based on a two-year (2009–2010) controlled field experiment, conducted in four replicates and carried out on the experimental field of the Bayer company located in Modzurów, Silesian region. experimental field soil was Umbrisol – slightly degraded chernozem, formed from loess. Nitragina inoculant, as a source of symbiotic bacteria, was applied before sowing seeds. Green area index (GAI) of the canopy, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were determined at characteristic growth stages. The presented results of this study on symbiotic nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants show that the combined application of Nitragina and Photrel was the best combination for productivity. Remote measurements of the pea canopy indexes indicated the formation of the optimum leaf area which effectively used photosynthetically active radiation. The use of Nitragina as a donor of effective Rhizobium for pea plants resulted in slightly higher GAI values and the optimization of PAR and NDVI. It is not recommended to use foliar fertilizers or Nitragina separately due to the slowing of pea productivity.

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Productivity augmentation of greengram (Vigna radiata) through weed management

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-3793 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

S. P. Singh ◽

R. S. Yadav ◽

Amit Kumawat ◽

R. R. Jakhar

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Block Design ◽

Research Station ◽

Area Index ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Net Returns ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Weeds Control

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner during three consecutive kharif season of 2013, 2014 and 2015. The experiment comprising ten weeds control treatments consisting of pendamethalin 1000 g/ha (PE), imazethapyr 50g/ha (3-4 leaf stage of crop), imazethapyr 70g/ha (3-4 leaf stage of crop), pendamethalin + imazethapyr 800g/ha (PE), pendamethalin + imazethapyr 900g/ha (PE), pendamethalin + imazethapyr 1000g/ha (PE), imazethapyr + imazamox 60g/ha (3-4 leaf stage of crop), imazethapyr + imazamox 70g/ha (3-4 leaf stage of crop), 2 hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS was found most effective to control weeds in greengram and recorded lowest weed count and weed dry matter of both broad leaved and grassy weeds. It was also recorded significantly highest branches/pant, leaf area index, total chlorophyll, protein content in seed, pods/plant, seeds/pod and seed, straw and biological yield over other treatments. Among different herbicides, pendamethalin + imazethapyr 800g recorded significantly higher net returns (31350/ha) and B:C ratio (2.70).

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Impact of Weeds on Paddy Biomass in Upland Rainfed Areas of Terai Region of Nepal

Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology ◽

10.3126/eco.v13i0.1623 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

M. D. Bhatt ◽

S. P. Singh ◽

A. Tewarir

Keyword(s):

Primary Productivity ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Net Primary Productivity ◽

Block Design ◽

Weed Species ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Paddy Crop ◽

Biomass Reduction ◽

Better Than

Field experiments were conducted to analyze impacts of weeds on biomass of two varieties of rain fed upland paddy (cv. Radha-4 and Neemai) during the Kharif session of 2004-2005 in the Terai region of Nepal. Four experiments were conducted in randomized block design with three replications. A total of 55 weed species were identified with densities of 240 individual plants per sqm in Radha-4 and 236 individual plants per sqm in Neemai. The annual net primary productivity of paddy crop was maximum (2329.3 g m-2 yr-1 in Radha-4 and 2170.3 g m-2 yr-1 in Neemai) in weed-free plots and lowest (1659.8 g m-2 yr-1 in Radha-4 and 1659.4 g m-2 yr-1 in Neemai) in unweeded plots. Hand weeding was done twice at 25 and 50 days after broadcasting and proved to be better than herbicides in the paddy biomass. The mean maximum biomass of paddy in weed free plots was 2418.7 and 2270.3 g m-2 in Radha-4 and Neemai. This biomass was similar to twice hand weeded plots being 1% lower in both the varieties. Compared to weed-free plots the biomass reduction in Radha-4 and Neemai in herbicides treated plots was lower by 1.4% in both the varieties. Compared to weed-free plots the biomass reduction in unweeded plots was recorded 29% lower in Radha-4 and 23% in Neemai. The weed biomass was highest in unweed plots (516.4 and 436.6 g m-2) and lowest (169.3 and 192.3g m-2 in twice hand-weeded plots. The net annual primary productivity of weeds was highest (437.9 g m>-2 yr-1 in Radha-4 and 376.6 g m-2 yr-1 in Neemai) in unweeded plots and lowest (119.7 g m-2 yr-1 in Radha-4 and 145.5 g m-2 yr-1 in Neemai) in twice hand weeded plots. The trend of grain yield in both the varieties were; weed-free plots (TT) > twice hand-weeded plots (T1) > chemical fertilizer and butachlor plots (T2) > unweeded plots (To).Key words: Paddy; weeds; upland; biomass; Teraidoi: 10.3126/eco.v13i0.1623 Ecoprint (An International Journal of Ecology) Vol. 13, No. 1, 2006 Page 15-22

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Study on Morphological, Physiological Characteristics and Yields of Twenty-One Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Grown in Eastern Sub-Himalayan Plains of India

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Santanu Das ◽

Biplab Mitra ◽

Satish Kumar Luthra ◽

Asok Saha ◽

Mohamed M. Hassan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tuber Yield ◽

West Bengal ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Stability Index ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Area Index ◽

Net Return ◽

Significant Difference

The present study was conducted in the eastern sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal, India, to evaluate 21 potato cultivars (including table- and processing-type) and assess their suitability in terms of improved physiological responses, yield performances, stability and profitability. A significant difference in various growth attributes, i.e., plant height, number of stems per plant, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter (DM) accumulation, and crop growth rate (CGR), was noted amongst different cultivars. Significant variation was also observed in net photosynthesis rate (NPR), transpiration rate (TR), and stomatal conductance rate (SCR) recorded at various stages of growth. Amongst all the cultivars, ‘Kufri Chipsona-4’ showed the highest SCR at both 60 and 80 days after planting (DAP), while ‘Kufri Pokhraj’ had the highest NPR at both 60 and 80 DAP. However, the highest TR was achieved with ‘Kufri Chipsona-3’and ‘Kufri Surya’ at 60 and 80 DAP, respectively. ‘Kufri Pukhraj’ and ‘Kufri Himsona’ achieved the maximum and minimum tuber bulking rate (TBR) values at initial growth stages (upto 60 days), respectively; however, ‘Kufri Arun’ and ‘Kufri Surya’ had significantly higher TBRs during the later part of growth (after 60 days to maturity), leading to higher tuber yields amongst the medium maturing cultivars. Among the 21 cultivars, ‘Kufri Arun’ showed the maximum total tuber yield (35.52 t/ha), followed by ‘Kufri Pukhraj’ (33.54 t/ha) with higher marketable grade tubers. In terms of production economics, ‘Kufri Arun’ achieved the maximum net return (USD 2137.4) and B:C (benefit:cost) ratio (2.17), suggesting the suitability of this cultivar in the eastern sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal. The early maturing ‘Kufri Pukhraj’ and processing variety ‘Kufri Chipsona-3’ also showed their suitability in terms of net returns and B:C ratio. The heat-tolerant variety ‘Kufri Surya’ also achieved a tuber yield of 31 tha−1 with satisfying net return (USD 1596.9) and B:C ratio (1.88), suggesting the suitability of this cultivar in this region under terminal heat stress. However, the stability analysis showed that the cultivars ‘Kufri Khyati’ and ‘HPS II/67’ were the most stable in terms of additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) stability value (ASV) and yield stability index (YSI), respectively.

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