Eksplorasi, isolasi dan identifikasi Jamur entomopatogen yang menginfeksi serangga hama

ABSTRACT Entomopathogenic fungi are classified as a fungus that infects insect pests. Hyphae color that comes out of the insect's body depends on the type of entomopathogenic fungus that attacks it. The purpose of this research is to explore, isolate and identify entomopathogenic fungi that attack insect pests. Samples of dead insects were taken from vegetable crops in the highlands of Pagaralam City and the lowlands of Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. In addition, exploration is also carried out using insect bait methods. This method is carried out on soils taken from the highlands of the fencealam area and Pekanbaru area. Based on the results of entomopathogenic expolation in vegetable plants that infect insects in the field there are 2 types of fungi that attack the insect. Two types of entomapatogenic fungi were found to have characteristics, namely the first hyphal color is rather green which covers the entire body of the insect and the second is white hyphae. The fungus that attacks the insect, then isolated to the GYA media found two entomopathogenic fungi namely, Metarhizium sp. and Beauveria bassiana. Meanwhile, through insect bait using soil T. molitor larvae, one species of entomopathogenic fungus was found, namely Metarhizium sp. The most infected T. molitor larvae in the soil of origin of Pekanbaru in the 2nd and 4th weeks, namely, 21.90 and 29.33 tails. . Keywords: Entomopathogenic Fungus, Insect Pest and Tenibrio molitor

Efektivitas dan selektivitas beberapa bahan aktif herbisida untuk mengendalikan gulma pada dua varietas tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna sesquipedalis L.)

Field experiments on the effectiveness and selectivity of herbicides use several active ingredients there were Sulfentrazone, Ethyl Pirazosulfuron, and Oxifluorfen with 2 varieties there were Peleton and Kanton tavi. The purpose of the study was to discover the most effective and selective herbicide active ingredients. The study was conducted from February to May 2019. This study used a randomized block design with 7 treatments, namely A (Kontrol), B (Oksifluorfen, peleton), C (Etil pirazosulfuron, peleton), D (Sulfentrazon, peleton), E (Oksifluorfen, kanton tavi), F (Etil pirazosulfuron, kanton tavi), G (Sulfentrazon, kanton tavi). Each treatment was repeated 4 times. The data were analyzed used analysis of variance (ANOVA), further testing used the DMRT test with a 5 % level. The results showed that the application of herbicides made from sulfentrazone, ethyl pirazosulfuron, oxifluorfen in peleton varieties and kanton tavi can suppress weed growth in the research area. The best weed control results were shown by herbicide treatment with sulfentrazone as active ingredient in the kanton tavi variant. The best long bean production results were shown by herbicide treatment with sulfentrazone in peleton varieties. The application of herbicides with active oxifluorfen made no symptoms of phytotoxicity, but decreased the yield of kanton tavi varieties and peleton varieties.

Potensi tepung daun sirsak, serai, kenikir, jeruk nipis, dan kluwih terhadap kumbang bubuk kedelai (Callosobruchus analis F.) pada kedelai (Glyxine max L.) dalam simpanan

This study aims to determine the effect of soursop leaf flour, lemongrass flour, kenikir leaf flour, lime leaf flour, and kluwih leaf flour on: 1) mortality, 2) damage to seeds, 3) shrinkage of seed weight, 4) appearance of adult C. analysts on soybean seeds in deposits and 5) laying eggs of C. analis imago female eggs, 6) probit analysis LT50. The experiment was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). As treatments are: A) controls; B) soursop leaf flour in doses of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g; C) Serai leaf flour with doses of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g; D) kenikir leaf flour with doses of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g; E) lime leaf flour with doses of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g; and F) kluwih leaf flour with doses of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g. Each treatment uses five replications. The observed parameters were analyzed by "F" test variance then if it was significantly different to find out the difference in the effect of treatment, an Tukey HSD Test was conducted at a level of 5% distrust. The best mortality results using the treatment of soursop leaf flour dose 3 g on 5 days amounted to 1.80 tails; 1 month is 6.60; 2 months totaling 13.40; and 3 months totaling 11.20. The results of the observation of the number of eggs produced by C. analis the best analyst was the treatment of soursop leaf flour dose 3 g on 5 days amounting to 139 items, 1 month 119.20 items; 2 months 91.20 items; and 3 months 72.20 items. The best imago observation results were treatment of soursop leaf flour dose 3 g at 1 month amounting to 132.20 tails; while at 2 months there were 79 heads. The best observation of seed damage and shrinkage of seed weight was the treatment of soursop leaf flour with a dose of 3 g, in the damage of seeds of 67.40 grains of seed damage; while the seed weight is reduced by 17.94 g. The results of the best analysis of Probit LT50 were treatment of soursop leaf flour with a dose of 3 g because it could kill 50% of the population C. analis with a relatively short time were 9 days after treatment.

Pengaruh beberapa teknik pengendalian terhadap keragaman dan intensitas berbagai jenis penyakit yang muncul pada pertanaman pepaya di Pekon Way Nipah Kecamatan Pematang Sawa

The study was aimed to determine the diseases in papaya plantations and to evaluate the effect of various disease control techniques against the intensity of disease in papaya plants in Pekon Way Nipah, Pematang Sawa District, Lampung. This research was conducted in October 2018 to May 2019 in the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung and in Pekon Way Nipah, Pematang Sawa, Tanggamus, Lampung. This study was randomized block designed (RBD) with eight treatments consisting of control (K), biological spray agent (AHSP), manure plus biological agents (PK + AH), soil biological treatment agent (AHSI), bactericide spray (BSP)), manure (PK), solarization (SL), and tillage (OT). The study showed that the diseases that occurred on papaya plantations were suspected as powdery mildew, brown spots 1, brown spots 2, curly cladosporium, leaf curly, root rot and stem base. The treatment of manure plus biological agents reduced the severity of brown spot 1, brown spot 2, powdery mildew, and cladospsorium curling while solarization treatment suppressed the occurrence of root rot and base stem disease.

Ketahanan tiga klon jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) terhadap penyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Is one type of rhizome plant commonly used as a medicinal plant or spice. The rhizome is aromatic and has a distinctive odor used by the community to be used as spices, cooking ingredients and medicinal sources. So far the results of ginger production have not been able to meet people's consumption needs due to a decrease in ginger production at the main ginger development center (West Java). One of the main constraints of ginger cultivation is the attack of bacterial wilt disease caused by the bacterium R. solanacearum. One effort that can be done in tackling bacterial wilt in ginger plants is by using clones that are resistant to bacterial wilt disease of R. solanacearum. The experimental design was carried out using factorial Completely Randomized Design, using ginger clones and the application of R. solanacearum bacteria. This design consists of 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each replication unit consists of 4 plants, so the total number of plants used is 96 plants. The experimental results were analyzed using regression correlation analysis on the parameters of disease progression, while on plant growth parameters using variance analysis and if there were significant differences then continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed red ginger clones including rather resistant criteria with a severity value of 25% while ginger empirical clones and elephant ginger clones were critically vulnerable with 75% severity values and 85.42%. Red ginger clones are more responsive to the infection of R. solanacearum bacteria so that the highest phenol content increases compared to other clones of 0.297 mg/ml, the phenol compounds that play a role in increasing plant resistance. In the variable growth of ginger emprit clone plants have a higher plant height and number of leaves compared to other clones, namely 43.83 cm and 15.44.

Seleksi ketahanan beberapa varietas unggul kedelai terhadap serangan hama kepik hijau (Nezara viridula L.)

Green stink bug (Nezara viridula L.) is a pod-sucking pest that can cause losses of up to 80%. The use of resistant varieties is an initial control effort that can be reduced or prevent losses due to green stink bug attacks on soybean plants. This study aims to determine the resistance of some soybean varieties to the attack of green stink bug (N. viridula). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment used 5 soybean varieties namely V1 = Dega 1, V2 = Devon 1, V3 = Dena 1, V4 = Deja 1, V5 =. Detap 1. Each experimental unit is covered and invested 5 stink bug nymphs third instar. Based on the results, showed that Deja 1 and Detap 1 varieties are the best varieties to suppress the percentage of attacks and are included in the category of plants resistant to N. viridula, and have a significant affect to productivity higher than other varieties. Trichome density, hardness and skin thickness of pods significantly affect to the percentage of N. viridula attack so that it is included in the mechanism of antixenosis resistance.

Identifikasi penyebab penyakit busuk bulir bakteri pada tanaman padi (Oryza sativa) dan pengendaliannya menggunakan isolat Bacillus spp. secara in vitro

Bacterial grain rot disease in rice plant is a new disease in Indonesia. The disease can reduce rice production up to 40% in severe disease attack. Morphological and physiological identification of these pathogens can be useful as a strategy of disease control. Control of this disease using Agent Biological Control is a right step and eco-friendly. The research was conducted in July until November 2018 at Plant Quarantine Laboratory of Agricultural Quarantine Center Surabaya. Design of experiment used on pathogenic identification is descriptively and analytically while in strategy of diseases control used are Randomized Complete Design method of single factor as many as 5 treatment of Bacillus spp. such as; Ba1: Bacillus spp. isolate 1, Ba2: Bacillus spp. isolate 2, Ba3: Bacillus spp. isolate 3, Ba4: Bacillus spp. isolate 4, and Ba5: Bacillus isolate spp. 5. Research result showed that the pathogen causing bacterial grain rot in Rice is Burkholderia glumae with bacterial characteristic are Gram negative, aerobic, not fluorescent on Kings B medium, mesophyll, isotonic, can hydrolysis arginine and can produce enzyme of gelatinase and (2) Bacillus spp. Isolate which consistent to inhibiting B. glumae in vitro is Ba-1 with a mean inhibition of 17.88 mm and a variety of resistance mechanisms, namely bacteriostatic and bactericidal Isolate of Bacillus spp Keywords: Bacterial grain rot rice; Bacillus spp; Burkholderia glumae

Pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak daun mimba dan biji pinang terhadap mortalitas keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata L.)

The golden Apple Snail is one of the rice pest that damaging by shredding the leaves of young plant. The common control has some negative impacts on the environment, so that the application of phyto-moluscides becomes a solution forming environmentally friendly agriculture. Neem and areca nut are one of the raw materials that can be used to control golden apple snails. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of neem and areca leaf extracts so the result of the study can be information and recomendations for controlling golden apple snail. This study uses a factorial Completely Randomized Design method, the first factor is extract raw material consisting of neem leaf, areca nut, and combination, while the second factor is consentration 0.25 g/L, 0.50 g/L, 0.75 g/L and control, each treatment gets 3 replications. Extract was applied by direct aplication method. Observations are carried out every 12 hours for 96 hours after aplication. The observed variable is behavior change, inhibition of eating activity and golden snail mortality. Data was analyzed by ANOVA then continued whit Duncan’s advanced test. Based on the result on the parameters that have been tested, raw materials and concentration have the effect of changing behavior from the start of the aplication, inhibition of eating activity, even an increase in mortality of up to 100% in the treatment of areca extract and combination application.

Kompetisi beberapa jenis gulma terhadap pertumbuhan awal beberapa varietas tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)

Sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L.) is a sugar-producing plant and is a food commodity that is needed by the people of Indonesia. National sugar demands are increasing every year. The low productivity of sugarcane is due to the competition of weeds which can reduce sugarcane production. To achieve high productivity, it is necessary to pay attention to the varieties used because they require certain conditions in their management. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of varieties and types of weeds on the initial growth of sugarcane. The study was conducted from September 2018 to December 2018. The study used factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors and four replications. The first factor consists of 4 sugarcane varieties, namely: Bululawang (V1), Red HW (V2), VMC (V3) and PS 862 (V4). The second factor type of weed consists of 2 types, namely Cyperus rotundus (N1) and Amaranthus spinosus L. (N2). The results showed that (1) There was interaction between the varieties (V) and the weed types (N) in stem diameter parameters and number of tillers, the treatment V4N1 gives the best response to stem diameter 1,31 cm and 4,25 number of tillers; (2) The treatment of varieties (V) gives affects to stem diameter and number of leaves, the treatment V4 gives the best response 5,38 to number of leaves; (3) Types of thorn spinach weeds can reduce the initial growth of sugarcane. Keywords: Varieties; weed; sugarcane

Karakterisasi biokimia bakteri endofit akar terung sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dan pengendali penyakit layu bakteri in planta

An important disease in eggplant is bacterial wilting caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The aim of this research is to characterize the biochemical endophytic bacteria isolated from eggplant root (BEAT) and as an agent for promoting plant growth and controlling bacterial wilt disease in planta. This research was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory and screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto. This research was conducted descriptively to test the biochemical character of BEAT and used a Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD) in the in planta test with 4 treatments, 6 replications and 3 plants each treatment, so that 72 plants were tested. The treatment consisted of control (without endophytic bacteria) and 3 BEAT isolates. The results showed that the endophytic bacterium AKc isolate had the ability as a bacterium to promote plant growth by producing IAA phytohormones, phosphate solvents, enzymes producing proteases, cellulase, amylase, chitinase, and HCN, as well as increasing the root volume and fresh weight of plants respectively by 40, 42% and 31%, suppressing the disease intensity by 33.33% and able to suppress bacterial wilting the best on the AUDPC value that is 47.32% -day.