Assessment of Variability Based on Morphometric Characteristics in the Core Set of Soybean Germplasm Accessions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shruthi ◽  
R. Siddaraju ◽  
K. Naveena ◽  
T. M. Ramanappa ◽  
K. Vishwanath
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Core Set

The present study aimed at assessing the extent and pattern of genetic diversity within a core set of soybean germplasm comprising of 98 accessions. A total of thirty-one morphometric traits were studied, among them qualitative traits viz., leaf shape, flower color, seed coat color, and hypocotyl colour showed a higher genetic diversity with higher diversity indices. The variability parameters like mean, range of variation, GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance were estimated for 18 quantitative traits. The differences between GCV and PCV estimates were narrow for most quantitative traits indicating less contribution of environmental factors in traits expression. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed in all quantitative traits except for days to maturity. The traits with higher heritability and GA value may indicate their variability and high selective value. Expression of lines in biplots using the first four principal components explains 79.10% of total variation and says black and yellow seeded genotypes have higher and lower variability to exploit, respectively. Hence, selection pressure could profitably be applied to these traits for their improvement.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Patterns and Domestication Origin of Soybean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Chun Jeong ◽  
Jung-Kyung Moon ◽  
Soo-Kwon Park ◽  
Myung-Shin Kim ◽  
Kwanghee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wild Accessions

AbstractUnderstanding diversity and evolution of a crop is an essential step to implement a strategy to expand its germplasm base for crop improvement research. Samples intensively collected from Korea, which is a small but central region in the distribution geography of soybean, were genotyped to provide sufficient data to underpin genome-wide population genetic questions. After removing natural hybrids and duplicated or redundant accessions, we obtained a non-redundant set comprising 1,957 domesticated and 1,079 wild accessions to perform population structure analyses. Our analysis demonstrates that while wild soybean germplasm will require additional sampling from diverse indigenous areas to expand the germplasm base, the current domesticated soybean germplasm is saturated in terms of genetic diversity. We then showed that our genome-wide polymorphism map enabled us to detect genetic loci underling flower color, seed-coat color, and domestication syndrome. A representative soybean set consisting of 194 accessions were divided into one domesticated subpopulation and four wild subpopulations that could be traced back to their geographic collection areas. Population genomics analyses suggested that the monophyletic group of domesticated soybeans was originated in eastern Japan. The results were further substantiated by a phylogenetic tree constructed from domestication-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms identified in this study.

Phenotypic diversity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)accessions in the Philippines for utilization

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidelisa De Chavez ◽  
Teresita Borromeo ◽  
Nic Oswald Borines ◽  
Renerio Jr Gentallan
Keyword(s):  
Coat Color ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Qualitative Characters

An increasing trend of soybean production and consumption has been seen in the Philippines. To assess the potential of the soybean germplasm for utilization, diversity of the Philippine soybean collection was established. High diversity was marked on 17 out of 29 qualitative characters, which include plant growth habit, leaf blistering and flower standard color. Phenotypic diversity indices (H’) of 92 soybean accessions averaged at 0.62. This aside, traits identical to a variety of soybean with superior characters were all present in the soybean germplasm collection. Using simple matching similarity coefficient, cluster analysis separated the different accessions into 12 distinct clusters at 62% similarity. Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) showed that two independent components accounted for 35.36% of the total variation of the qualitative morphological characters. Factor loadings for each component showed the morphological characters, such as pubescence color, flower wing color, and seed coat color, that were contributing to the high projections in the two principal components. Accessions with vigorous seedlings were also observed. With the marked trait diversity, the soybean collection could be potentially used directly and for breeding purposes. Consequently, to uncover further the potential of our genetic resources at hand, the remaining germplasm accessions at NPGRL should be characterized and evaluated

scholarly journals Development of new cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) mutant genotypes, analysis of their agromorphological variation, genetic diversity and Population structure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Diouf ◽  
Sara Diallo ◽  
François Abaye Badiane ◽  
Oumar Diack ◽  
Diaga Diouf
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Yield Component Traits ◽  
Mutant Lines

AbstractCowpea is one of the most important legume grain in the SubSaharian region of Africa used for human consumption and animal feeding but its production is hampered by biotic and abiotic constraints raising the need to broaden its genetic basis. For this purpose, the seeds of two cowpea varieties Melakh and Yacine were respectively irradiated with 300 and 340 Gy. The developed mutant populations were agromorphologically characterized from M5 to M7 while the genetic diversity of the last were evaluated using 13 ISSR markers. Based on agromorphological characterization, variation of flower color, pod length, seed coat color and seed weight with respectively 78.01, 68.29, 94.48 and 57.58% heritability were recorded in the mutant lines. PCA analyses allowed to identify the elite mutants based on their agromorphological traits while Pearson’s correlation results revealed a positive correlation between yield component traits. Three subpopulations were identified through STRUCTURE analyses but assignment of the individuals in each group was improved using DAPC. Analysis of Molecular Variance revealed that the majority (85%) of the variance rather existed within group than among (15%) group. Finally, our study allowed to select new promising mutant genotypes which could be tested for multi local trials to evaluate their agronomic performance.

Genetic Diversity of South Chadian Sorghum Landraces Assessed Through Quantitative and Qualitative Traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-406
Author(s):  
Gapili Naoura ◽  
Mahamat Alhabib Hassane ◽  
Djinodji Reoungal ◽  
Serferbe Signaboubo ◽  
Eva Weltzien- Rattunde
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Panicle Number

Plant genetic resources and germplasm are fundamental sources for plant breeding, and the assessment of the genetic diversity among germplasm accessions is useful to facilitate the more efficient use of plant genetic resources. The current study was carried out to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance to select genotypes and traits for breeding. In the experiment undertaken, fifty-three sorghum landraces were evaluated for selected seven qualitative and fourteen quantitative traits using randomized complete block design in three repetitions. There were differences (p< 0.001) among landraces for all assessed traits indicating a high degree of variability. Higher genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed for grain weight of main panicle, number of leaf remain green and weight of main panicle. Estimates of phenotypic variances were higher than genotypic variance for all the studied quantitative traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for majority of assessed traits. This study allowed noting a positive relationship between number of day to flowering with plant height and stay green, and a negative correlation between plant height and weight of main panicle. A dendrogram revealed four main clusters of genotypes. The D2 statistics confirmed the highest inter-cluster distance between all clusters. This indicated existence of the possibility to improve genotypes through hybridization from any pair of clusters.  

scholarly journals Comparison of Microbiological Characteristics and Genetic Diversity between Burkholderia cepacia Complex Isolates from Vascular Access and Other Clinical Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Min Yi Wong ◽  
Yuan-Hsi Tseng ◽  
Tsung-Yu Huang ◽  
Bor-Shyh Lin ◽  
Chun-Wu Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽  
Reca Gene ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics

Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a group of closely related bacteria with widespread environmental distribution. BCC bacteria are opportunistic pathogens that cause nosocomial infections in patients, especially cystic fibrosis (CF). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is used nowadays to differentiate species within the BCC complex. This study collected 41 BCC isolates from vascular access infections (VAIs) and other clinical infections between 2014 and 2020. We preliminarily identified bacterial isolates using standard biochemical procedures and further conducted recA gene sequencing and MLST for species identification. We determined genetic diversity indices using bioinformatics software. We studied 14 isolates retrieved from patients with VAIs and observed that Burkholderia cepacia was the predominant bacterial species, and B. contaminans followed by B. cenocepacia were mainly retrieved from patients with other infections. According to MLST data, we identified that all B. contaminans isolates belonged to ST102, while a wide variety of sequence types (STs) were found in B. cenocepacia isolates. In summary, the high diversity and easy transmission of BCC increase BCC infections, which provides insights into their potential clinical effects in non-CF infections.

scholarly journals On the origin and diversification of Podolian cattle breeds: testing scenarios of European colonization using genome-wide SNP data

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Senczuk ◽  
Salvatore Mastrangelo ◽  
Paolo Ajmone-Marsan ◽  
Zsolt Becskei ◽  
Paolo Colangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Early Migration ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
Approximate Bayesian ◽  
European Cattle

Abstract Background During the Neolithic expansion, cattle accompanied humans and spread from their domestication centres to colonize the ancient world. In addition, European cattle occasionally intermingled with both indicine cattle and local aurochs resulting in an exclusive pattern of genetic diversity. Among the most ancient European cattle are breeds that belong to the so-called Podolian trunk, the history of which is still not well established. Here, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data on 806 individuals belonging to 36 breeds to reconstruct the origin and diversification of Podolian cattle and to provide a reliable scenario of the European colonization, through an approximate Bayesian computation random forest (ABC-RF) approach. Results Our results indicate that European Podolian cattle display higher values of genetic diversity indices than both African taurine and Asian indicine breeds. Clustering analyses show that Podolian breeds share close genomic relationships, which suggests a likely common genetic ancestry. Among the simulated and tested scenarios of the colonization of Europe from taurine cattle, the greatest support was obtained for the model assuming at least two waves of diffusion. Time estimates are in line with an early migration from the domestication centre of non-Podolian taurine breeds followed by a secondary migration of Podolian breeds. The best fitting model also suggests that the Italian Podolian breeds are the result of admixture between different genomic pools. Conclusions This comprehensive dataset that includes most of the autochthonous cattle breeds belonging to the so-called Podolian trunk allowed us not only to shed light onto the origin and diversification of this group of cattle, but also to gain new insights into the diffusion of European cattle. The most well-supported scenario of colonization points to two main waves of migrations: with one that occurred alongside with the Neolithic human expansion and gave rise to the non-Podolian taurine breeds, and a more recent one that favoured the diffusion of European Podolian. In this process, we highlight the importance of both the Mediterranean and Danube routes in promoting European cattle colonization. Moreover, we identified admixture as a driver of diversification in Italy, which could represent a melting pot for Podolian cattle.

scholarly journals Genetic melting pot and importance of long-distance dispersal indicated in the Gladiolus imbricatus L. populations in the Polish Carpathians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sutkowska ◽  
Józef Mitka ◽  
Tomasz Warzecha ◽  
Jakub Bunk ◽  
Julia Rutkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Eastern Carpathians

AbstractThe genetic diversity in 11 populations of Gladiolus imbricatus in five mountain ranges, including the Tatra, Pieniny, Gorce, Beskid Niski (Western Carpathians) and Bieszczady Mts (Eastern Carpathians), was studied with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The species is a perennial plant occurring in open and semi-open sites of anthropogenic origin (meadows and forest margins). We checked a hypothesis on the microrefugial character of the plant populations in the Pieniny Mts, a small calcareous Carpathian range of complicated relief that has never been glaciated. Plant populations in the Tatra and Pieniny Mts had the highest genetic diversity indices, pointing to their long-term persistence. The refugial vs. the non-refugial mountain ranges accounted for a relatively high value of total genetic variation [analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), 14.12%, p = 0.003]. One of the Pieniny populations was of hybridogenous origin and shared genetic stock with the Tatra population, indicating there is a local genetic melting pot. A weak genetic structuring of populations among particular regions was found (AMOVA, 4.5%, p > 0.05). This could be an effect of the frequent short-distance and sporadic long-distance gene flow. The dispersal of diaspores between the remote populations in the Western Carpathians and Eastern Carpathians could be affected by the historical transportation of flocks of sheep from the Tatra to Bieszczady Mts.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity among Farmed Stocks of Oreochromis spp. (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in Madagascar

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Nicolas Hubert ◽  
Elodie Pepey ◽  
Jean-Michel Mortillaro ◽  
Dirk Steinke ◽  
Diana Edithe Andria-Mananjara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Well Differentiated

The fast development of aquaculture over the past decades has made it the main source of fish protein and led to its integration into the global food system. Mostly originating from inland production systems, aquaculture has emerged as strategy to decrease malnutrition in low-income countries. The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was introduced to Madagascar in the 1950s, and is now produced nationally at various scales. Aquaculture mostly relies on fry harvested from wild populations and grow-out in ponds for decades. It has recently been diversified by the introduction of several fast-growing strains. Little is known how local genetic diversity compares to recently introduced strains, although high and comparable levels of genetic diversity have previously been observed for both wild populations and local stocks. Our study compares DNA barcode genetic diversity among eight farms and several strains belonging to three species sampled. DNA-based lineage delimitation methods were applied and resulted in the detection of six well differentiated and highly divergent lineages. A comparison of DNA barcode records to sequences on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) helped to trace the origin of several of them. Both haplotype and nucleotide diversity indices highlight high levels of mitochondrial genetic diversity, with several local strains displaying higher diversity than recently introduced strains. This allows for multiple options to maintain high levels of genetic diversity in broodstock and provides more options for selective breeding programs.

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