scholarly journals BIOMONITORING OF THE CONTENT OF FLUORINE IN WORKERS IN THE MODERN ALUMINUM MANUFACTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1062-1067
Author(s):  
Salim F. Shayakhmetov ◽  
A. V. Merinov ◽  
L. G. Lisetskaya ◽  
N. M. Meshchakova
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Disease ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Primary Aluminum ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Occupational Risks

Introduction. Workers of modern aluminum plants experience long-term exposure to a complex of toxic chemical compounds, components of which are fluoride compounds. They have a chronic toxic effect on an organism. In this regard, it becomes relevant to conduct biomonitoring studies to assess the level and dynamics of excretion of fluorine in exposed workers of modern aluminum production. Material and methods. A total of 186 workers in primary aluminum production, individuals at increased professional risk (42 people) and 77 patients with established occupational diseases were examined. Results. The average fluoride - ion concentrations in the urine of aluminum production workers ranged from 1.2 ± 0.3 to 3.6 ± 0.9 mg/dm3 and were by 1.7-5.1 times higher than in the control group (0.7 ± 0.2 mg/dm3), the highest values were observed in workers of the main occupations of workshops with the technology of prebaked anodes. In workers of the high-risk group, examined in a hospital, content of fluoride ion in the urine increased by 1.1-1.4 timeswith the increase their experience of work in all experience groups (from 1.5 ± 0.2 to 2.1 ± 0.3 mg/dm3), with the exception of persons who have worked for 25 years or more (1.5 ± 0.1 mg/dm3). In workers with an established diagnosis of an occupational disease with an increase in the length of the post-exposure period there was observed a decrease in urinary fluoride ion excretion from 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/dm3 in the group with a time period up to 4 years and to 1.2±0.1 mg/dm3 in the group with 10 years or more. Conclusion. The results of studies argue a high content of fluoride ion in the urine in workers at aluminum smelters and in patients with an established diagnosis of occupational disease, which depends on the technology used, the worker’s occupation, length of service and the length of the post-contact period. This allows recommending the biomonitoring of fluoride compounds to assess occupational risks and the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic measures.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTURBANCES IN NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH VIBRATION DISEASE IN THE POSTEXPOSURE PERIOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Лахман ◽  
Oleg Lakhman ◽  
Катаманова ◽  
Elena Katamanova ◽  
Кулешова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
The Mean

The article presents the results of the studies of the central and peripheral nervous systems, psychoemotional status of patients with vibration disease associated with exposure to the local vibration in the post-exposure period. The stud-ies were performed in patients with vibration disease (n=18) who do not work in the contact with the local vibration at present. The mean age of the patients was 50.7±5.4years, the mean length of service in the contact with local vibration –17.9±2.8years, the mean post-exposure period – 5.2±2.2years. 30male persons having no contact with industrial hazard were comprised the control group. Electroencephalography, electroneuromyography, recording of somatosensory evoked potentials were carried out and patients’ personality peculiarities were studied. The changes of the brain bioelectrical activity, disorders of the autonomic and afferent regulation of the cerebral level, dysfunc-tion in diencephalic structures, disorders of the subcortical and cortical structures of the central afferent pathways; demyelization of the peripheral nerves of the upper and lower extremities were set in patients with vibration disease in the post-exposure period. Psychological studies have shown that patients with vibration disease in the post-exposure period preserve such psychological peculiarities as neuroticism manifested with inner tension, nervousness and chronic feeling of discomfort; depressive tendencies being a sign of the existing distress, and anxious-hypochondriac features in the structure of personality traits. All of the above result in formation of stable uncompensated clinical conditions observed in patients with vibration disease caused by local vibration exposure, even after the termination of harmful production factors.

Anamnestic factors that shape reproductive health of women with repeated unsuccessful popygamy in vitro fertilization

2016 ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
N.V. Cotsabin ◽  
◽  
O.M. Makarchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fertilization In Vitro ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Group I

The proportion of patients with multiple unsuccessful attempts of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is about 30% of all patients treated with the use of ART. Women with history of unsuccessful ART attempts - a special category of patients who require emergency attention and a thorough examination at the stage of preparation for superovulation stimulation,the selection of embryos and endometrium preparation for embryo transfer. The objective: to distinguish high-risk group of unsuccessful attempts based on a detailed analysis of anamnestic and clinical data of infertile women with repeated unsuccessful ART attempts that requires more in-depth study of hormonal features, ovarian reserve and condition of the endometrium. Materials and methods. For better understanding of the problem of repeated unsuccessful ART attempts and сreation of efficient infertility treatment algorithms for these couples we conducted a thorough analysis of anamnestic data of three groups of infertile women (105 patients), which were distributed by age: group I – younger than 35, the II group – from 35 to 40, the III group - over 40 years. These groups of patients were compared with each other and with the control group of healthy women (30 persons). Results. Leading stress factors in the percentage three times prevailed in the group of infertile women and had a direct connection with the fact of procedure «fertilization in vitro» and chronic stressors caused by prolonged infertility. Primary infertility was observed significantly more frequent in patients younger than 35 years (p <0.05), secondary infertility - mostly in the second and third experimental groups (p <0.05). Noteworthy significant percentage of wellknown causes of infertility and idiopathic factor in all groups, and the prevalence of tubal-peritoneal factor in the second and third experimental groups, and endocrine dysfunction in the I experimental group. The most common disorder among this category of woman was polycystic ovary syndrome. Frequency of usual miscarriage among patients of I ana II groups was two times higher than in the third group (p <0.05). Among the experimental groups the leading place belongs urinary tract infection, respiratory tract diseases, pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Data of the stratified analysis show an increase likelihood of repeated unsuccessful ART attempts under the influence of constant chronic stress (odds ratio OR=2.06; 95% CI: 0.95–3.17; p<0.05). Conclusions. Among infertile patients with repeated unsuccessful ART attempts must be separated a high risk group of failures. The identity depends on the duration of infertility, female age and leading combination of factors. Key words: repeated unsuccessful ART attempts, anamnesis, infertility, high risk.

Evaluation of the reactivity of treated spent pot lining from primary aluminum production as cementitious materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 105584
Author(s):  
Victor Brial ◽  
Hang Tran ◽  
Luca Sorelli ◽  
David Conciatori ◽  
Claudiane M. Ouellet-Plamondon
Keyword(s):  
Primary Aluminum ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Primary Aluminum Production

scholarly journals Association of General Cognitive Functions with Gaming Use in Young Adults: A Comparison among Excessive Gamers, Regular Gamers and Non-Gamers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2293
Author(s):  
Joon Hwan Jang ◽  
Sun Ju Chung ◽  
Aruem Choi ◽  
Ji Yoon Lee ◽  
Bomi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Internet Gaming

This study aimed to examine the relationship of general cognitive function with gaming use, and to identify elements of intelligence predicting increased gaming use. In total, 160 young adults participated in this study. Two clinical groups (n = 97) were defined: excessive gaming users diagnosed with internet gaming disorder (IGD) (n = 64) and the high-risk users (n = 33). The control group (n = 63) was also divided into regular gamers (n = 14) and non-gamers (n = 49). Participants completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV and self-reported questionnaires regarding IGD severity and gaming hours. The IGD group had significantly lower Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ), Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), and Processing Speed Index (PSI) scores, compared with regular gamers and non-gamers. The IGD group also exhibited lower Working Memory Index (WMI) scores, compared with non-gamers. The high-risk group demonstrated significantly lower PSI score, compared with non-gamers. Furthermore FSIQ, VCI, WMI, and PSI scores were significant predictors of gaming hours in the IGD group. For the high-risk group, FSIQ, WMI, and VCI scores were negatively associated with gaming hours. Our study demonstrates the need to address the importance of enhancing working memory and verbal ability, thus, preventing the development of gaming addiction among individuals at high-risk gamers.

Deactivation of Red Mud by Primary Aluminum Production Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1040 ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Piirainen ◽  
A.A. Barinkova ◽  
V.N. Starovoytov ◽  
V.M. Barinkov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Primary Aluminum ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Primary Aluminum Production ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Current global environmental challenges and, above all, global warming associated with a change in the carbon balance in the atmosphere has led to the need for urgent and rapid search for ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, which primarily include carbon dioxide as a by-product of human activity and technological progress. One of these ways is the creation of industries with a complete cycle of turnover of carbon dioxide. Aluminum is the most sought-after nonferrous metal in the world, but its production is not environmentally safe, so it constantly requires the development of knowledge-intensive technologies to improve the technological process of cleaning and disposal of production waste, primarily harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Another environmental problem related to aluminum production is the formation and accumulation in mud lagoon of huge amounts of so-called highly alkaline "red mud," which is a waste product of natural bauxite raw material processing into alumina - the feedstock for aluminum production. Commonly known resources and technological methods of neutralizing red mud and working with it as ore materials for further extraction of useful components are still not used because of their low productivity and cost-effectiveness. This article describes the negative impact of waste in the form of "red" mud and carbon dioxide of primary aluminum production on the environment. The results showed that thanks to carbonization of red mud using carbon dioxide, it is possible to achieve rapid curing and its compact formation for safer transportation and storage until further use. Strength tests of concrete samples filled with deactivated red mud were also carried out, which showed the prospects of using concrete with magnesia binder.

Assessment of Health Risks in Musicians of the Slovene Philharmonic Orchestra, Ljubljana, Slovenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Rajko Črnivec
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Performance Ability

This study consisted of medical examination and comparison of results obtained in 70 musicians from the Slovene Philharmonic Orchestra, Ljubljana. The main goals of the study were to identify performance-related musculoskeletal disorders, to assess the health status and working capacity of the musicians, and to propose measures for improved protection of their health. The results were compared with results obtained in a control group of 28 marketing workers at Philip Morris Enterprise, Ljubljana. Musculoskeletal problems of the studied group of Slovene musicians were compared with problems of 109 musicians of the Berlin Opera Orchestra examined at the Institute of Occupational Health, Berlin, Germany. We identified performance-related diseases (inflammatory and degenerative skeletal disorders and minor occupational hearing impairments) that were most frequent. A significant proportion of performing musicians had overuse syndrome, caused by excessive use of the extremities and characterized by cumulative microtrauma exceeding human physiologic limits, and dermatologic problems, such as finger calluses and “fiddler’s neck.” The most frequent musculoskeletal problems were due to repetitive motion, unphysiologic postures (isometric strain on the affected muscles), and prolonged sitting position during performances. The highest level of musculoskeletal disorders was noted in the double bass and cello sections, followed by violin, viola, woodwind, and brass players. The severity of physical impairments and restricted ability to perform music were correlated with age, duration of classical music performance, and total length of service. In the group of Slovenian musicians, the incidence of health problems in general was twice as high as in the control group, whereas the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders was six times as high as that in the control group. Health status of the musicians in terms of moderate and severe physical impairments was worse than in the control group. Measures for improved health protection and better performance ability were proposed.

Morbidity following Sudden and Unexpected Bereavement

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Lundin
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Control Group

SummaryWith the help of data on the registered days of sickness per year, a study was made of a group of relatives (n = 32) who had suffered sudden and unexpected bereavement to determine whether this resulted in an increase in morbidity in the two-year period following the loss, compared with the previous two years. A comparison was made with a control group of relatives who had also suffered bereavement but where the deaths were not unexpected. Increased morbidity, especially psychiatric morbidity, was found following sudden and unexpected bereavement but not in the control group. It is concluded that persons exposed to sudden and unexpected loss of a close relative are subject to increased psychiatric morbidity and should be regarded as a high-risk group.

Introduction to Aluminum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Sverdlin
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Primary Aluminum ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Annual Consumption

Aluminum is the most heavily consumed non-ferrous metal in the world with an annual consumption of approximately 24 million tons of which it is estimate that 75% of this total amount is primary aluminum (aluminum extracted from ore). This article provides an overview of aluminum ores and their composition, reduction of aluminum, production of commercial quality aluminum, extraction, refinement and the production of ultrapure aluminum.

Carbothermic Reduction Methods for Alumina

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthymios Balomenos ◽  
Dimitrios Gerogiorgis
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Primary Aluminum ◽  
Aluminum Carbide ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Hall–Héroult process for the electrolytic reduction of alumina was developed at the end of the 19th century and is still currently the only industrial process for the production of primary aluminum. Today, this process is ranked among the most energy- and CO2intensive industrial processes. Direct carbothermic reduction of alumina has been proposed as an alternative process, which can substantially improve the sustainability of primary aluminum production, leading to energy savings of up to 21% and reduction in greenhouse gas emission of up to 52%, while plant capital costs can be reduced up to 50%. However, processes developed so far suffer from low aluminum yields, primarily due to aluminum carbide and oxycarbide formation and aluminum vaporization phenomena. This article presents a thermodynamic study of the Al–C–O system and a review on the alumina carbothermic processes developed so far.

scholarly journals The chronic effects of salinity on the Crustacean Moina affinis Birge (1893)

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Final Length

Thi s study included the effect of chronic exposure of di fferent concentrations of Nan on the biology of fresh water zroDplonk ton species Moina 41.112' ( Cladcxe'ra The concentrations used for chronic exposure were 03, 0.75. 1 960 to investigate iI effects on the life cycle and la lables of this species after exposure period and the range of this exposure effects on the rate of expectation for further life, also the effect of salinity on reproduotive parameters was studied which included average of total number of eggs and young produced, volume clutch's (6.95. indiclutch for control group , 14.516 indi clutch for 0.596a ,3_65 ind./ clutch for (175 5(.. and 03 Ind} cruel] for 1960) and number of Clutch's (5.5 clutch/ female for control group, 1.7 clutch/ funEoc for 0.5.9(z.z, 1:2 dutch?' female for 0,75960 and 0,1 oluchi female for 196.) which howed a reduction_ But had no effects on the time 10 tarsi clutch produced. Time of surviving ( 12.9 day for control g.roup. 63 day for 0.5%0, 15_2 day for 0.75%.0 and 4.6 day for I 9f,), average final length and average of daily length, growth increasing were studied_ In addition to the studying the orient of salinity on the number of moults which showed a reduction. in its number.

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