scholarly journals The infectious socially significant diseases in places of imprisonment

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Mikhaylova ◽  
Olga B. Nechaeva ◽  
E. A. Samarina ◽  
Yu. V. Tikhonova ◽  
I. B. Shikina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Executive System ◽  
Isolation Ward ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Late Stages

In places of imprisonment of Russia the system of registration and monitoring ofpatients is the same as in civil health care. This system includes data on detection, diagnostic, treatment and dispensary observation of socially significant diseases. The obtained information is summarized with data concerning civil population and then is passed to Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and profile research institutes within the framework of common federal and sectoral report forms. The systematic medical examinations, intensification of activities of infection control, support of effective treatment and coordination of measures between Ministry of Justice of Russia and Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, international partners favored dramatic decreasing of indicator of morbidity of contingents ofpenitentiary system (up to 2.7 times during 1999-2015). Nowadays, the epidemic situation on tuberculosis in institutions of the penal executive system can be characterized as stable and controlled and having tendency to amelioration. Overall, as compared with Russian national average indices (2015), in places of imprisonment morbidity is higher: with tuberculosis 19,4 times, HIV-infection - in 26,9 times, syphilis - in 8.9 times. Among primarily registered patients of Federal penitentiary service of Russia in investigative isolation ward s in 2015 were detected 46% with tuberculosis, 84.6% with HIV-infection, 96.6% with syphilis. The number of patients infected with HIV-infection in contrast with tuberculosis has no tendency to decreasing in places of imprisonment. In 2015 percentage of infected individuals in institutions of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia began to increase in the structure of morbidity of HIV-infection in Russia in general. The cause of death of deceased with combined pathology (tuberculosis + HIV-infection) is HIV-infection mainly because almost in 90% HIV-infection has late stages. This indirectly testifies presence ofproblems related to detection of infection socially significant diseases among socially deadapted persons in civil health care.

Morphometric and genetic studies of the mechanisms of damage to the cardiovascular system in Kuzbass miners with dust lung pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 611-619
Author(s):  
Anastasiya S. Kazitskaya ◽  
Oleg I. Bondarev ◽  
Maria S. Bugaeva ◽  
Anna G. Zhukova ◽  
Tatyana K. Yadykina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Autopsy Material ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Examinations

Introduction. The combined impact of unfavorable factors of the production environment in miners leads to the development of associated pathology of the bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular systems, the predisposition to which depends on the individual susceptibility of the body. In this regard, it is important to comprehensively study the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the formation and course of occupational and work-related diseases for a personalized approach to the diagnosis, prevention and therapy of this pathology. The purpose of this study was to study the mechanisms of damage to the cardiovascular system in miners with dust lung pathology on the basis of morphological and genetic studies. Materials and methods. For genetic studies, venous blood drawing was conducted in 190 Kuzbass miners. The main group included 126 miners of the main professions with the previously proven diagnosis "dust lung pathology", the comparison group consisted of 64 workers without a proven diagnosis working in similar sanitary and hygienic conditions. Morphometric studies were carried out using autopsy material obtained during 80 forensic medical examinations of miners in the Kemerovo region. All the miners were divided into 4 groups depending on their underground work experience. The control group was formed from 20 cases of forensic medical examinations of men who died in road accidents and did not have organ pathology according to the results of autopsies. Results. The study of the autopsy material revealed the presence of morphostructural changes in the vascular walls of the miners’ hearts in the form of hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells of the medial layers, thickening of the endothelial lining, and the development of fibroplastic changes in the perivascular zones. These changes began to form from the first years of work in the underground conditions and progressed with increasing work experience contributing to the "recalibration" of the heart vessels with the formation of the lumen "obstruction". One of the mechanisms of endothelial damage in miners was a change in the expression of the EDN1 gene, which regulates the synthesis of endothelin-1. The risk and resistance genotypes of the development of dust lung pathology for the rs5370 polymorphism of the EDN1 gene were identified. Morphostructural rearrangement of the endothelium in the combination with its pathological activation contributed to the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction in miners. Conclusions. The conducted studies of the parameters of the vascular endothelium indicate its key role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular pathology in miners of the main professions. Getting into the body of workers, particles of coal-rock dust lead to morphostructural rearrangement of the cells of the endothelial layer and its pathological activation. The contribution of molecular and genetic mechanisms to the development of occupational lung pathology and associated diseases of the circulatory system in miners is revealed. Ethics. The studies were carried out in compliance with the ethical standards of the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, elaborated on the basis of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical Principles for Conducting Human Scientific Medical Research" as amended in 2013 and the "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation" approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 dated 19.06.2003. All workers were informed about their participation in the molecular-genetic study and gave written consent to carry it out. The research of the dead miners was based on the secondary examination of blocks and ready-made histological micro-preparations of the material of the Bureau for Forensic Medical Expert Examination of the cities of Novokuznetsk, Osinniki, and Prokopyevsk. The study of pathomorphological material was carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of 21.11.2011, No. 323-FZ "On the Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation", in particular, with Article 67 "Carrying out pathological and anatomical autopsies", Federal Law of 12.01.1996, No. 8-FZ "On burial and funeral business" (Article 5, paragraphs 1, 2), as well as on the basis of the Order of the Ministry of Health of April 29, 1994, No. 82 "On the procedure for conducting pathological and anatomical autopsy" (Annex to the Order of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of 29.04.1994 No. 82), the Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia of 24.03.2016. No. 179n "On the rules for conducting pathological and anatomical examinations".

Medical examinations for office employees

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Evgenievich Burak ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Dontsov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Office Employees ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Broadband Frequency

The transition of the Russian Federation to new regulations in the field of labor protection in 2021 requires preliminary and periodic medical examinations of about 30–40 million office employees, which creates a number of organizational and economic problems for employers. The basis for conducting medical examinations of office personnel is the presence at the workplace of the electromagnetic field of the broadband frequency spectrum (5 Hz — 2 kHz, 2 kHz — 400 kHz), which is considered as a prerequisite for the appearance of occupational diseases associated with the influence of the electromagnetic field, leading to a disorder of the autonomic (autonomous) nervous system and with visually strenuous work, leading to the appearance of progressive myopia. The order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 29n of 28.01.2021 does not contain the exceptions characteristic of the latest editions of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 302n concerning the intensity of the impact of the factor «when exceeding the maximum permissible level» or «work on reading, entering information, working in the dialog mode in the amount of at least 50 % of the working time», which means that the employer must conduct medical examinations of office employees working with a PC. The number of necessary laboratory and functional tests decreased by 1.8 times. Paradoxical is the transfer from the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development (No. 302n) to the new order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (No. 29n) of the connection of electromagnetic fields exclusively with ophthalmological problems, ignoring no less significant problems of damage to the nervous system. The inclusion of a dermatovenerologist in the commission is completely unjustified, since the impact of the electromagnetic field of the broadband frequency spectrum does not cause significant problems of the dermatovenerological profile. Taking into account the requirements of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 417n, it was proposed to replace a dermatovenerologist with a psychotherapist in the composition of the commission for conducting medical examinations of office employees with a psychotherapist with the inclusion in the table «Frequency and volume of mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations of employees» of the Appendix of the order of the Ministry of Health No. 29n of laboratory and functional studies of a psychotherapeutic profile.

The evaluation of epidemiology and the availability of medical care for patients with retina diseases in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
I. V. Laricheva ◽  
◽  
I. M. Son ◽  
E. S. Yastrebova ◽  
V. V. Neroev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Russian Federation

Retinal diseases are significant causes of blindness and vision loss and they take the second place in the structure of disabilities due to blindness in Russia. Objective: analysis of the official statistical data on the disease and availability of health care to patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) that are prescribed intravitreal injection of drugs (IVD) as the first-line therapy for wet age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema, respectively. Materials and methods: Epidemiological parameters were assessed by the data obtained from the form of statistical records № 12 for 2018–2019 years. The availability of IVD was analyzed by the information registered in the form of statistical records № 14 for 2016–2019 with a recalculation per 1000 population. Results: In 2019 in the Russian Federation 330 thousand patients with AMD were registered (0.45% among the population older than 40 years old). The incidence rate was significantly lower than in other countries (8.69%). The data on the number of patients with DR was unavailable for statistical recording because of the absence of the code Н36.0 IDC‑10 in form № 12. However, according to the federal register of diabetes mellitus, the total rate of DR can reach 760 thousand people all over Russia. The availability of IVD for all-day inpatient health care was 0.39 injections per 1000 population. In 26 subjects of the Russian Federation, the availability was higher than the average in Russia, while in the rest 59 subjects, the availability was lower than the average. Presently, there are no data on the number of IVD performed in day-time inpatient facilities. Conclusions: The current rate of application of IVD in Russia can be estimated as low considering the revealed problems with the registration and accounting of patients with AMD and DR. It is impossible to perform a complete evaluation of the availability of IVD for the Russian population within obligatory medical health insurance because of the lack of data on the provision of IVD in day-time inpatient facilities. For the rational planning of the volumes of medical care provision to patients with AMD and DR, the form of statistical records should include the data on the indication of IVD in the day-time inpatient facilities in the subjects of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF PREVENTIVE EXAMINATIONS OF CHILDREN THE CITY OF SMOLENSK, HELD BY DENTISTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Olga L. Mishutina ◽  
G. V Volchenkova ◽  
A. B Shashmurina
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
New Order ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
The City

From 01.01.2018 year came into force the new order of Ministry of health of the Russian Federation «About carrying out of preventive medical examinations of minors» No. 514н, according to which the dentist is part of the medical Commission and examines children in the following life periods: 1 month, 2 years, 3 years, and then annually until the age of 17. The aim of our study was to compare the prevalence and intensity of dental caries in children, the prevalence of dental anomalies in children aged 2 years, 4 years, 6 years and 7 years, which were carried out preventive examinations in 2016 and 2017. In children aged two years, the prevalence of caries of temporary teeth increased from 14.3% in 2016 to 20.7% in 2017, the intensity of caries also increased by 2 times from 0.3 to 0.6 (p

Prevalence of tuberculosis in Russian Federation in 1970–2019 and factors influencing its level

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
M. V. Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Detection Quality

The data on the prevalence of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation are presented. A decrease in the prevalence of tuberculosis over the past 49 years, from 1970 to 2019, and a decrease in the number of patients with tuberculosis are shown. The factors influencing the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the Russian Federation are considered: timely detection, quality of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis patients, MBT drug resistance, HIV infection in tuberculosis patients. The reliability of indicators characterizing the prevalence of tuberculosis has been studied.

Analysis of the level and structure of the incidence of the population of the KHMAO

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
T. V. Razumova ◽  
◽  
T. V. Zuyevskaya ◽  
P. I. Pavlov ◽  
E. V. Sadrieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous

Purpose of the study: assessment of the level and structure of the incidence of the population to determine the main categories of diseases most common in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, as well as making a territorial comparison of the incidence of the population. Materials and research methods: statistical materials from the annual collection “Health of the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and the activities of medical organizations” and data of statistical reporting on the incidence of the population from the Medstat program were used, in particular, the primary morbidity of the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in different age groups, the general incidence the population of different age groups of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. The analysis used indicators such as primary morbidity, general morbidity, one-year mortality (died within the first year from the date of diagnosis) in malignant neoplasms. Results. The primary morbidity of the population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra tends to grow in all age groups. The indicators of primary morbidity of the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in 2018 are 17.1% higher than in the Russian Federation and 12.2% higher than in the Ural Federal District. In the structure of primary morbidity, the first place is taken by diseases of the respiratory system, the second place in the structure of the primary morbidity of people over working age is taken by diseases of the circulatory system, and the third place is by diseases of the genitourinary system. The overall incidence rate of the entire population is 1896 per 1000 population. In 2018, 41.2 cases of tuberculosis per 100 thousand of the population were detected for the first time in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra (in the Ural Federal District – 61.6, in the Russian Federation – 44.4 per 100 thousand of the population). This pathology tends to decrease and compared with 2017 decreased by 10.2% (the Russian Federation decreased by 8.1%, the Ural Federal District – 2.1%). The number of patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection in 2018 decreased by 1.5% compared to 2017 and amounted to 82.3 per 100 thousand population, which is higher than in the Russian Federation (58.5), but lower. than in the Ural Federal District (108.2) per 100 thousand population. Since 2012, there has been a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms, but the detection rate of malignant neoplasms at stages III-IV has not changed since 2015 and is 39.5%, which is higher than in the Russian Federation (38.5%). Conclusion: the primary morbidity in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in 2018 is 17.1% higher than in the Russian Federation. In the first place are diseases of the respiratory system (48.4%, of which in children – 66.4, and in persons of older working age – 22.2%). In second place in children is infectious pathology, and in people of working age – diseases of the genitourinary system. The second place in morbidity in older people of working age is diseases of the circulatory system. The district has a high level of infectious and parasitic diseases. The number of patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis is lower than in the Ural Federal District and the Russian Federation. The number of patients with HIV infection is higher than in the Russian Federation, but lower than in the Ural Federal District. There is a tendency towards an increase in the number of malignant neoplasms. The number of neoplasms is lower than in the Ural Federal District and the Russian Federation. In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, there is a positive trend in the reduction of socially significant diseases, such as tuberculosis, HIV infection, STIs, alcoholism, drug addiction, injuries and an increase in overall morbidity, including malignant neoplasms, which indicates the availability of medical care, health literacy of the population and carrying out appropriate preventive work.

scholarly journals The theory and practice of indicative planning in health care

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
V. G. Kudrina ◽  
Dzeynap O. Sapralieva
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Care System

The planning as a key function of management in health care system is focused on target indicators of population health and development of health care sector. The focusing on social economic values of target indicators and setting them as indicators of appropriateness and effectiveness of implementing activities is actual standard ofplanning. For all that, the technique of indicative planning in health care still requires to be putted to level of its theoretical substantiation (prerequisites of becoming, conceptual foundations, terms, requirements to evaluation) and implementation in practice. The example of the Republic of Ingushetia, one of the regions of the Russian Federation, was used to demonstrate becoming of indicative planning and its development with the purpose of effective management. The emphasis is made on terms system, approaches of choosing and monitoring of target indicators for indicative planning. To present the technique of indicative planning scientifically the monograph method (analysis of reports, statistical data of Rosstat, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and Ministry of Health of the Republic of Ingushetia) was applied. The SWOT analysis of the situation in health care of the region was applied. The infant mortality indicator became the reference point of evaluation of effectiveness of functioning of health care system and social economic reforming in the region. The level and dynamics of infant mortality indicator reflects shortcomings of medical care organization in the region and first of all absence of the three-level system of its rendering, routing according standards of medical care support of patients on main pathology profiles, including pregnant women, women in labor, newborns and children. According to situation, the investment decisions were made on the federal level. To what extent they will be effective i.e. what will be the reaction of values of target indicators of social economic development of the region, primarily indicators of infant mortality, the «road map» should demonstrate.

Public health and health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Сергей Гонтарев ◽  
Sergey Gontarev
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
Automated Management

The textbook is developed in accordance with the program of academic discipline "Public health and health care", approved by the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation. The textbook includes modern knowledge in the field of public health and public health. Additionally, lectures on health Economics and automated management systems in health care are also included. The textbook is designed for students and teachers of medical universities and faculties, doctors of various specialties.

IMPROVING THE STATISTICAL REPORTING OF MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
◽  
E.P. Kakorina ◽  
S.S. Zemlyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Statistical Form

Abstract. All management decisions in the healthcare are based on reliable data from medical accounting and reporting. Aim. Improve reporting forms in order to optimize accounting and reporting. Materials and methods. One of the main statistical forms of medical reporting that makes it possible to analyze indicators of the health status of workers and the activities of medical organizations in occupational medicine in the Russian Federation is the Form No. 30 “Information about a medical organization”. Results. The indicators analysis of the activities of medical organizations in the Russian Federation providing occupational health care was carried out on the basis of the Form No. 30 “Information about a medical organization”. The reporting forms about the examinations of occupational suitability and examinations of the connection between the disease and the occupation in the Russian Federation have been also developed and improved. The data analysis of medical organizations in the system for accounting and analyzing of occupational diseases «Occupational medicine» posted on the web-site http://profstat-irioh.ru is also carried out. Conclusion. It is proposed to improve the reporting documentation in order to optimize accounting and reporting if necessary. It is also proposed to keep statistics on the mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations for workers employed in jobs with harmful and (or) hazardous working conditions in the federal statistical form No. 1-zdrav “Information about the health care organizations”.

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