Spectrum and resistance determinants of oral streptococci clinical isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 632-637
Author(s):  
Nataliia Valerievna Davidovich ◽  
A. S. Galieva ◽  
N. G. Davydova ◽  
O. G. Malygina ◽  
N. N. Kukalevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinically Significant

The profiles of oral streptococci sensitivity to antibacterial drugs may reflect information about the presence of macroorganism resistance determinants. The aim of the work was to isolate the spectrum of oral streptococci from the microbiota of the oral cavity of patients and to determine their sensitivity to a wide range of antibiotics. A total of 342 microbial streptococcal isolates were isolated from saliva samples and a periodontal pocket and tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Species identification of streptococci was carried out using biochemical API test systems. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance was performed using E-tests. Real-time PCR was used to identify the presence of tetracycline and macrolide resistance genes. The study identified six types of oral streptococci: S. oralis, S. salivarius, S. mitis, S. sanguinis, S. anginosus and S. mutans. All streptococci were sensitive to linezolid and meropenem. The proportion of penicillin-resistant streptococci in the subgroup S. oralis / mitis / mutans was 47,8% versus 23,5% in the subgroup S. salivarius / sanguinis / anginosus (p = 0.020). Significant levels of resistance were revealed to macrolides (erythromycin) - 47,9%, tetracyclines (tetracycline) - 44,4% and quinolones (ofloxacin) - 41%. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was detected in 31,9% of oral streptococcal isolates, a combination of erythromycin, tetracycline and ofloxacin resistance was prevalent in 79 isolates (23,1%). The most common genotypes of macrolides and tetracycline resistant oral streptococci (in 127 streptococcal isolates with combined resistance) were ermB-mefE + and tetM + tetQ-, respectively. Thus, S. oralis / mitis / mutans group streptococci predominated in the structure of antibiotic-resistant oral streptococci, including MDR. So, being in one of the most densely populated biotopes of a macroorganism, oral streptococci can mediate the transfer of resistance determinants to more pathogenic and clinically significant microorganisms, which requires careful monitoring of their level of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.

Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria in drinking water sources in Akungba‐Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
A. O. Ajayi ◽  
N. F. Agangan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
The University

In present investigation, the bacteriological analysis and antibiotic sensitivitypattern of drinking water samples collected from different sources ofAkungba Ã¢â‚¬ÂAkoko, Nigeria was done. The antibiotics mainly considered in ourstudy for determining the sensitivity were amongst the commonly used inthis area for treatment of infectious diseases. As a result, the bacteriologicalindex, especially coliform count was observed notably high with 72 x10 1 cfu/ml for stream sample and 26.4 x 10 1 cfu/ml for borehole sample. The majorbacterial isolates identified in the water samples were Staphylococcus sp,E.coli  Ã¢â‚¬Ânegative bacteria wereobserved showing 75% and 65% resistant to Septrin and Amoxicillin respectively.Also, multiple drug resistance was observed for many antibiotics.Therefore, the presence of high amount antibiotic resistant bacteria of clinicalimportance is reported in these water sources which are usually consumedby students and members of the University community. Hence, thisstudy necessitates the need for water treatment so that epidemics of waterbornebacterial disease can be averted in this region., Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Bacillus cereus andothers. With regards to the antibiotic sensitivity test, all isolates showed100% resistance to Ampicillin and Cloxacillin and 85.7% resistance to Zinnacef[a cephalosporin product]. However, the gram 

scholarly journals Citric acid: A potential permeabilizer against multiple drug resistance enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti G. Dharmik ◽  
Ashok V. Gomashe ◽  
Bharat J. Wadher
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Enteric diseases enter through the mouth and are usually spread by contaminated food, water or contact with contaminated vomit or feces. Enteric infection encompasses all the infections of the intestinal tract. These intestinal infections include organisms like Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus etc. Out of these, E. coli are one of the common causes of enteric infection. In spite the introduction of a wide variety of antimicrobial agents against enteric diseases, life threatening infections caused by E. coli contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients. The present study was conducted to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli obtained from stool samples and potentiation of antibiotic activity by citric acid against multiple drug resistant E. coli. Out of the 200 isolates of E. coli, 150 were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics tested. 0.05% and 0.1% citric acid was found to be effective in increasing the potency of the all the antibiotics used in the study.

DEPENDENCE OF BIOFILM-FORMING ABILITY ON THE ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA CLINICAL STRAINS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
I. V. Shipitsyna ◽  
E. V. Osipova ◽  
E. N. Ovchinnikov ◽  
D. S. Leonchuk
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adhesive Ability ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Tubular Bones

Due to the spreading highly resistant strains among clinically significant P. aeruginosa clones, it becomes necessary to prescribe antibiotics not only taking into account the knowledge of sensitivity spectrum of a particular isolate but the data of microorganism biofilm activity as well. To study the dependence of biofilm-forming ability on the sensitivity to antibacterial preparations of P. aeruginosa clinical strains, isolated from patients with chronic osteomyelitis. 36 patients above 18 with chronic osteomyelitis of long tubular bones who were treated in the center of purulent osteology took part in the experiment. Object of the study - material isolated from wounds, fistulas, as well as from inflammatory foci. The sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to 10 antibiotics was analyzed: Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Imipenem, Meropenem, Aztreonam, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Cefepime. High- and medium-adhesive strains accounted for 86,1 % among P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, obtained from the wounds of patients with chronic osteomyelitis of long tubular bones. Highly adhesive strains are resistant to a wide range of antibacterial preparations used clinically. Penicillins were the most effective preparations when analyzing antibioticograms obtained for highly adhesive strains, for medium adhesive strains - penicillins, aminoglycosides and carbapenems, for low adhesive ones - aminoglycosides, penicillins, carbapenems, monobactams, quinolones. P. aeruginosa multi-resistance is a serious problem in the treatment of patients with chronic osteomyelitis. Spreading antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa is associated with the presence of bacteria in the biofilm. Since adhesion is the first step in the biofilm formation, it is important to identify strains having high adhesive ability timely.

scholarly journals SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST ORAL STREPTOCOCCI ISOLATED IN CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Mayanskiy ◽  
A. Z. Kvarchiya ◽  
E. A. Brzhozovskaya ◽  
O. A. Ponomarenko ◽  
O. A. Kryzhanovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Mitis ◽  
Wide Range

Oral streptococci can exchange genetic material with other bacteria colonizing the same loci of the body, their resistance profiles can serve as markers of the risk of the developing resistance to certain antibiotics in closely related bacteria, in particular, Streptococcus pneumoniae. Materials and Methods To describe the species composition of oral streptococci and to detect the profile of their sensitivity to a wide range of antibiotics there were investigated oral streptococcal isolates isolated from oropharyngeal smears sown in children of various ages with acute respiratory infections not receiving antibacterial therapy for selective streptococcal medium with penicillin (Pen, 1 mg/l) or erythromycin (Ery, 2 mg/l). 253 oropharyngeal smears were studied. Results. The most frequent sowings were Pen-resistant and Ery-resistant Streptococcus mitis, found in 158 (62.5%) and 169 (66.8%) studied, respectively. Ery-resistant Streptococcus salivarius group was detected in 107 (42.3%) samples, Pen-resistant streptococcus from this group were found much less frequently in 16 (6.3%) samples. Pen and Eri-resistant isolates of Streptococcus sanguinis group were present in 69 (27.3%) and 49 (19.4%) samples respectively. All the streptococcus specimens studied were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid and (except for one) levofloxacin; about 90% were sensitive to daptomycin, rifampicin and chloramphenicol. Sensitivity to tetracycline was lower at 57.5%. Multiple drug resistance (MDR; resistance to ≥3 groups of antibiotics) had 93 (58.1%) isolates; the most common combination of penicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline resistance was found in 53 (57%) MDR isolates. Streptococcus mitis/oralis were characterized by higher MPCs of penicillin, ampicillin and ceftriaxone, as well as the frequency of stable forms, including MDR, as compared to other streptococci. Streptococcus mitis, first S. mitis oralis group streptococcus predominate in the species structure of antibiotic-resistant oral streptocococci, among which MDR is widespread, including resistance to β-lactams.

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from ear and wound swabs in some selected hospital laboratories in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
A. I. Umar ◽  
I. Garba ◽  
M. L. Jidda ◽  
A. M. Ganau ◽  
A. S. Fana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Wide Range

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a metabolically versatile bacterium that can cause a wide range of severe opportunistic infections in patients with serious underlying conditions and can be found in most communities in Nigeria. The study was to determine the prevalence, resistance pattern and distribution of multiple drug resistant P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA) isolated from ear and wound specimens in patients attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto and Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital Sokoto. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 samples were analysed by standard bacteriological methods. Screening for MDR-PA was carried out by antibiotic sensitivity testing using disc diffusion method with ceftazidime (30 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), cloxacillin (30 µg), amoxicillin (30 µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg), gentamycin (10 µg) and colistin (10 µg) discs on Mueller Hinton agar. Results: Of a total of 55 (36.7%) isolates of P. aeruginosa strains were obtained, 30 (54.5%) isolates were resistant to imipenem, 31 (56.3%) were resistant to ofloxacin, 44 (80.0%) to gentamycin, 53 (96.3%) to ceftazidime and cefuroxime, 50 (90.9%) to ceftrizone, 54 (98.1%) to cloxacillin and amoxycillin and lastly 15 (27.2%) to colistin. All the isolates were multi drug resistant, this probably due to improper use or over the counter purchase of antibiotics without professional oversight. Conclusion: Almost all the isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics used including colistin. There is need to improve on the public health awareness on the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents as it is one of the major ways microbes develop resistance to them.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals: A Promising Weapon in the Arsenal against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Bahman Khameneh ◽  
N. A. Michael Eskin ◽  
Milad Iranshahy ◽  
Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Safe Strategy ◽  
Wide Range

The extensive usage of antibiotics and the rapid emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microbes (AMR) are becoming important global public health issues. Many solutions to these problems have been proposed, including developing alternative compounds with antimicrobial activities, managing existing antimicrobials, and rapidly detecting AMR pathogens. Among all of them, employing alternative compounds such as phytochemicals alone or in combination with other antibacterial agents appears to be both an effective and safe strategy for battling against these pathogens. The present review summarizes the scientific evidence on the biochemical, pharmacological, and clinical aspects of phytochemicals used to treat microbial pathogenesis. A wide range of commercial products are currently available on the market. Their well-documented clinical efficacy suggests that phytomedicines are valuable sources of new types of antimicrobial agents for future use. Innovative approaches and methodologies for identifying plant-derived products effective against AMR are also proposed in this review.

scholarly journals Clinical and drug resistance characteristics of Providencia stuartii infections in 76 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052096229
Author(s):  
Jiachang Liu ◽  
Ruikai Wang ◽  
Ming Fang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Hospital Department ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Providencia Stuartii

Objectives To investigate the clinical and drug resistance characteristics of Providencia stuartii infections in the Huainan region of Anhui and provide a reference for the clinical selection of antimicrobial agents. Methods This single-center retrospective analysis included 76 patients with P. stuartii infection in Huainan during the period from October 2018 to March 2020. The hospital department in which the patients were treated and the drug susceptibility characteristics of the P. stuartii isolates were recorded. Results Among the 76 patients, the lung was the most common site of infection, and intensive care unit was the main hospital department. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase screening revealed expression by all 76 isolates of P. stuartii. Of the 76 isolates, 92.1% exhibited multiple drug resistance or extensive drug resistance. P. stuartii isolates were sensitive to cefepime and imipenem, but not to other beta-lactam antibiotics. Twenty isolates were resistant to all 21 types of antibiotics. Of the 20 patients infected with extensively drug-resistant isolates, nine (45%) died. Conclusions Drug resistance is increasing in P. stuartii. The antimicrobial agent imipenem may be effective for treatment of P. stuartii infections. Fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and fourth-generation cephalosporins are suitable options for antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Antibiotic Efflux in Bacteria by the Novel Multidrug Resistance Inhibitors Biricodar (VX-710) and Timcodar (VX-853)

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 4171-4176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Mullin ◽  
Nagraj Mani ◽  
Trudy H. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
New Class ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Antibiotic Efflux

ABSTRACT Inhibitors of mammalian multidrug efflux, such as the plant alkaloid reserpine, are also active in potentiating antibiotic activity by inhibiting bacterial efflux. Based on this precedent, two novel mammalian multiple drug resistance inhibitors, biricodar (VX-710) and timcodar (VX-853), were evaluated for activity in a variety of bacteria. Both VX-710 and VX-853 potentiated the activity of ethidium bromide (EtBr), a model efflux substrate, against three clinically significant gram-positive pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Similar to reserpine, VX-710 and VX-853 directly blocked EtBr efflux in S. aureus. Furthermore, these compounds were effective in lowering the MICs of several clinically used antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, suggesting that VX-710 and VX-853 are representatives of a new class of bacterial efflux inhibitors with the potential for use in combination therapy.

scholarly journals In Situ Biochemical Demonstration That P-Glycoprotein Is a Drug Efflux Pump with Broad Specificity

2000 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Sanford M. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Drug Accumulation ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gfp Expression ◽  
Active Efflux ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Wide Range

While P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is the most studied protein involved in resistance to anti-cancer drugs, its mechanism of action is still under debate. Studies of Pgp have used cell lines selected with chemotherapeutics which may have developed many mechanisms of resistance. To eliminate the confounding effects of drug selection on understanding the action of Pgp, we studied cells transiently transfected with a Pgp-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein. This method generated a mixed population of unselected cells with a wide range of Pgp-GFP expression levels and allowed simultaneous measurements of Pgp level and drug accumulation in living cells. The results showed that Pgp-GFP expression was inversely related to the accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs. The reduction in drug concentration was reversed by agents that block multiple drug resistance (MDR) and by the UIC2 anti-Pgp antibody. Quantitative analysis revealed an inverse linear relationship between the fluorescence of Pgp-GFP and MDR dyes. This suggests that Pgp levels alone limit drug accumulation by active efflux; cooperativity between enzyme, substrate, or inhibitor molecules is not required. Additionally, Pgp-GFP expression did not change cellular pH. Our study demonstrates the value of using GFP fusion proteins for quantitative biochemistry in living cells.

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