Indication Q fever pathogen in the south of Far east

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 724-728
Author(s):  
V. A. Lubova ◽  
G. N. Leonova ◽  
A. L. Shutikova ◽  
E. I. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Far East ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Q fever (coxiellosis) is a widespread natural focal disease in the world. The causative agent of coxiellosis is the gram-negative bacterium Coxiella burnetii, which is highly contagious and low virulence. The main carriers of C. burnetii are ixodid ticks, which feed on domestic and farm animals in anthropurgic foci. To address the possible circulation of the Q fever pathogen in the territory of the Primorsky Territory, 334 samples of various natural material collected in the spring-summer period of 2019 were studied. In the vicinity of the Vladivostok (on Reineke island), genetic markers of C. burnetii were detected in 19.7% of all tick species. In the Khankaisk region, coxiella DNA was detected more often (in 6.3%) in ticks of D. silvarum, in ticks of I. persulcatus and H. japonica, 1 case was detected. From 56 copies. ixodid ticks sucked to humans, C. burnetii DNA was detected in ticks of I. persulcatus in 38.8%, H. concinna - in 14.3%. In the serum of farm animals, the presence of coxiella in sheep in 3 samples was detected, in horses - in two. Sequencing of the obtained sequences showed the presence of the pathogen C. burnetii in the blood serum of animals. The ticks have stuck to people in 6 samples were identified C. burnetii and 6 samples - Coxiella-like endosymbiont. The presented results indicate the circulation of the causative agent of Q fever in the territory of the Primorsky Territory. To obtain a more complete description of the current epidemiological situation, it is necessary to conduct more extensive studies of natural material and blood of people with suspected Q fever.

Rickettsial Diseases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Sun ◽  
Michael V. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

Tick-borne rickettsioses are emerging as more important health problems throughout the world. The spotted fever group including Rickettsia rickettsia can cause encephalopathy, meningitis and brain damage by selectively targeting capillary endothelial cells in the brain, and stimulating inflammation, capillary leakage, hemorrhage, and intravascular coagulation. Rickettsia are are arthropod-borne gram-negative coccobacilli bacteria and are obligate intracellular organisms that do not survive in artificial medium. In North and South America, the most common rickettsial disorder is rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF) transmitted by the dog tick Dermacentor variabilis or the wood tick Dermacentor andersoni. A characteristic “starry sky” pattern can be seen on MRI imaging of the brain in some patients with RMSF encephalopathy and is thought to reflect the organisms targeting of brain endothelial cells in capillaries the white matter. Early treatment with doxycycline is curative and reverses signs of encephalopathy if given within a few day of onset, but delayed treatment can be associated with permanent neurological disability. The typhus group of rickettsia bacteria include R. prowazekii, which causes epidemic typhus and R. typhi, which causes murine typhus (endemic) typhus in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Flying squirrels and humans carry R prowazekii and rats are carry R. typhi. Q fever caused by the rickettsia organism Coxiella burnetti is transmitted from farm animals including sheep and is seen throughout the world including the United States.

scholarly journals Review of Hantavirus Infections in the World, Epidemiological Situation on Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Russian Federation in 2020 and a Forecast for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
T. A. Savitskaya ◽  
A. V. Ivanova ◽  
G. Sh. Isaeva ◽  
I. D. Reshetnikova ◽  
E. Kabve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Federal District ◽  
European Part ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The review used the data from operational monitoring carried out by the Reference Center for Monitoring over HFRS – “Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Rospotrebnadzor”, based on official data provided by the Rospotrebnadzor institutions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing was conducted using conventional methods of variation statistics applying the Excel program. Over the past decades, hantavirus diseases have become very relevant and spread throughout the world. In the territory of the Russian Federation, natural foci of HFRS are located in the European part of the country, Western Siberia and Far East. The most epidemically active foci are situated in the European part of Russia. Over the past decade, the intensive incidence rate of HFRS in the Russian Federation stayed within the range of 3.0–9.5 per 100 thousand of the population, the long-term average annual indicator – 5.2 per 100 thousand of the population. In 2020, 3845 cases of HFRS were registered (2.62 per 100,000 of the population). There was a decrease in the incidence of HFRS by 3.6 times, compared with the indicators of 2019. A factor that may have influenced the decrease in the incidence of HFRS was the depression of the epizootic process among small mammals, the main carriers of HFRS pathogens, due to natural and climatic factors. The nature of the distribution of HFRS incidence across the territory of the Russian Federation in 2020 was heterogeneous. Statistical processing of the data made it possible to identify 5 groups of territories that differ in the level of HFRS incidence. Almost all constituent entities of the Volga Federal District and the Kostroma Region belonging to the Central Federal District were classified as groups of territories with high and very high incidence rates. In 2021, the deterioration of the epidemiological situation is predicted in the summer-autumn period of the year in the Volga Federal District and four entities of the Central Federal District. 

scholarly journals Q Fever at the Turn of the Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMASZ CHMIELEWSKI ◽  
STANISŁAWA TYLEWSKA-WIERZBANOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The World ◽  
Obligatory Intracellular Parasite ◽  
16Srrna Gene

Q fever is an infectious zoonotic disease characterized by sudden fever, headache, and atypical pneumonia, caused by Coxiella burneti--an obligatory intracellular parasite. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the genes sequences, the classification was changed and C. burnetii species was included to the gamma subgroup of the proteobacteria, Legionellales order and Coxiellaceae family. This analysis showed more than 99% sequence similarity of 16SrRNA gene among the strains isolated in different regions of the world. Q fever is a widespread in the world zoonosis. Its main reservoir in the rural environment are farm animals: cows, sheep, goats, and urban pets such as dogs, cats, rabbits. In acute infection these bacteria are detected in various internal organs such as lungs, liver, spleen, and in excretion in urine, faeces and milk. During childbirth, they occur in large number in the amniotic fluid and placenta. Recently, it has been found that free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellani may also be a reservoir of the pathogen. The intra-amoebal location of C. burnetii cells was observed.

scholarly journals Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Brucellosis around the World in 2011–2020 and Forecast for the Russian Federation for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
D. G. Ponomarenko ◽  
O. N. Skudareva ◽  
A. A. Khachaturova ◽  
A. N. Germanova ◽  
D. E. Lukashevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Analysis of the incidence of human brucellosis in the world in 2011–2020 is presented in the paper. An assessment of the epizootiological-epidemiological situation on brucellosis in the Russian Federation in 2020 is performed. It is outlined that the epidemiological situation on brucellosis in Russia over the past decade was characterized as unfavorable with downward trend in the incidence rate against the background of persistent epizootiological insecurity among cattle and small ruminants. Between 2011 and 2020, 3507 first identified human cases of brucellosis were registered. The long-term average number of cases is 350 per year, including 28 cases among children under 17 years old. The average long-term intensive morbidity rate per 100 000 people was 0.24, among children under 17 – 0.1. In 2020, 119 human cases of brucellosis were detected in Russia (0.08), which indicates that the trend towards an improvement in the epidemiological situation on brucellosis continues. The largest number of brucellosis cases among people was registered in the North-Caucasian (77.1 % of the total incidence across Russia) and the Southern Federal District (13.5 %). In the period of 2010–2020 (9 months), 4610 areas potentially hazardous as regards bovine brucellosis and 422 – as regards brucellosis in sheep and goats were registered in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the development of brucellosis situation in Russia indicates that in the medium term, with the current trend maintained, there is a real risk of widespread brucellosis distribution among farm animals in the constituent entities of the Central, Volga, Far Eastern and Siberian Federal Districts, as well as the persistence of epizootiological insecurity in the North Caucasus and Southern Federal Districts. Taking into account the current epizootiological-epidemiological situation and the long-term dynamics of the development in the Russian Federation, one can predict the incidence of brucellosis in people at a level below the longterm average values – 0.13–0.18 per 100000 of the population in 2021.

scholarly journals Assessment of Epidemiological Situation on Hemorhhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome around the World and in Russia, Forecast for 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
T. A. Savitskaya ◽  
A. V. Ivanova ◽  
G. Sh. Isaeva ◽  
I. D. Reshetnikova ◽  
V. A. Trifonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
European Part ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Objective of the review is to characterize the nature of epidemiological situation on HFRS around the world and to conduct a comparative analysis of intensity and dynamics of the epidemiological process in the Russian Federation by Federal Districts, as well as make forecast for 2020. The analysis of the epidemiological situation is based on the materials of the official websites of healthcare organizations in the USA and Europe, WHO, the data from operational monitoring carried out by the reference center for HFRS monitoring “Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology”, materials provided by the Rospotrebnadzor Institutions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The analysis included all administrative territories of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing was carried out by standard methods of variation statistics applying Excel software. The epidemiological situation on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome around the world and in Russia remains tense. In the Russian Federation, epidemically active foci are located in the European part of the country, in Western Siberia and in the Far East. Infections over the period of 2010–2019 were registered in 8 federal districts of the Russian Federation, in 58 constituent entities. However, the incidence distribution across the territory of the country was differential. In 97 % of the cases, the incidence was recorded in the European part of Russia. In the Volga Federal District, HFRS incidence amounted to 82.16 % of the total incidence recorded on the whole in Russia. High incidence rates are also recorded in the Central Federal District (CFD). Over the past 10 years (2010–2019), there has been an increase in the incidence of HFRS in the Central and North-West Federal Districts, and a decrease in the incidence in the Ural and Far Eastern Federal Districts. Varying degree of anthropogenic impact on the natural HFRS foci and climate change manifested in increased ambient air temperatures are of great importance for the spread of HFRS over the past decade. At the end of the review the forecast of the development of the epidemiological situation on HFRS in the Russian Federation for 2020 is presented.

scholarly journals Cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals: Current epidemiological situation in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 666-670
Author(s):  
Jakub Gawor
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Porcine Strain ◽  
The World ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The purpose of this article was to present current data on cases of cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals in Poland. Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is one of the most important parasitic zoonoses occurring globally. In many regions of the world, the disease is an important epidemiological problem. The life cycle of Echinococcus involves hoofed farm animals and dogs. Among its species and genotypes ascertained in the world, two (G1 and G7) have been confirmed in sheep and pigs as intermediate hosts in Poland. Molecular examinations of postoperative parasitic material from patients established that the porcine strain G7 is the cause of human cystic echinococcosis in Poland. Data on post-slaughter examinations of pigs identified as intermediate hosts of E. granu-losus suggest that the number of cases reported in humans (approx. 40 annually) is probably underestimated. In the last two years, the prevalence of hydatid cysts in pigs in Poland has been estimated at 0.3%, with the highest number of infected animals in central Poland (0.4%-1.2%). This indicates the presence of infection in dogs and the risk of echinococcosis for humans.

scholarly journals Selected Livestock-Associated Zoonoses as a Growing Challenge for Public Health

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Kacper Libera ◽  
Kacper Konieczny ◽  
Julia Grabska ◽  
Wiktoria Szopka ◽  
Agata Augustyniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World

The aim of this paper is to review the most significant livestock-associated zoonoses. Human and animal health are intimately connected. This idea has been known for more than a century but now it has gained special importance because of the increasing threat from zoonoses. Zoonosis is defined as any infection naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. As the frequency and prevalence of zoonotic diseases increase worldwide, they become a real threat to public health. In addition, many of the newly discovered diseases have a zoonotic origin. Due to globalization and urbanization, some of these diseases have already spread all over the world, caused by the international flow of goods, people, and animals. However, special attention should be paid to farm animals since, apart from the direct contact, humans consume their products, such as meat, eggs, and milk. Therefore, zoonoses such as salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, tuberculosis, swine and avian influenza, Q fever, brucellosis, STEC infections, and listeriosis are crucial for both veterinary and human medicine. Consequently, in the suspicion of any zoonoses outbreak, the medical and veterinary services should closely cooperate to protect the public health.

ON CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE GRASS FAMILY (POACEAE) IN RUSSIA, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE FAR EAST

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 29-64
Author(s):  
N.S. Probatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Far East

The paper summarizes information on chromosome numbers (CNs) of the Grass species (Poaceae) in the flora of Russian Federation, obtained on the original material, most part - from the Russian Far East (RFE). In some species the CNs are known in Russia or in the world only from RFE, in some – from one locality or few, or from one subregion of RFE. The grass species in RFE often occur in mountain regions and near seacoasts; some species are endemics, some were studied near the limits of their geographical distribution areas. The diversity of CNs, the special features of the CNs distribution in some grass groups are discussed. The alien species are abundant in RFE, and their CNs are also involved in the study. For karyologically polymorphous species further studies are needed.

On Drummondia sinensis var. ussuriensis (Drummondiaceae, Bryophyta)

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Afonina ◽  
V. Ya. Cherdantseva
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
State Nature

Drummondia sinensis Mull. Hal. var. ussuriensis (Broth.) Vitt has been found in Sokhondinskiy State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Zabaikalsky Territory, Southern Siberia). Earlier it was known in Russia from the southern part of the Far East as well as in north-eastern part of China and North of Mongolia. The type variety of Drummondia sinensis occurs in eastern part of China, Japan and India. Description and illustration of D. sinensis var. ussuriensis based on the material collected in Russia are given, comparison with close taxa is provided, and the world distribution is dicussed.

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