scholarly journals Cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals: Current epidemiological situation in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 666-670
Author(s):  
Jakub Gawor
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Porcine Strain ◽  
The World ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The purpose of this article was to present current data on cases of cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals in Poland. Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is one of the most important parasitic zoonoses occurring globally. In many regions of the world, the disease is an important epidemiological problem. The life cycle of Echinococcus involves hoofed farm animals and dogs. Among its species and genotypes ascertained in the world, two (G1 and G7) have been confirmed in sheep and pigs as intermediate hosts in Poland. Molecular examinations of postoperative parasitic material from patients established that the porcine strain G7 is the cause of human cystic echinococcosis in Poland. Data on post-slaughter examinations of pigs identified as intermediate hosts of E. granu-losus suggest that the number of cases reported in humans (approx. 40 annually) is probably underestimated. In the last two years, the prevalence of hydatid cysts in pigs in Poland has been estimated at 0.3%, with the highest number of infected animals in central Poland (0.4%-1.2%). This indicates the presence of infection in dogs and the risk of echinococcosis for humans.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte Populations in the Adventitial Layer of Hydatid Cysts in Cattle: Relationship With Cyst Fertility Status and Fasciola Hepatica Co-Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Jiménez ◽  
Caroll Stoore ◽  
Christian Hidalgo ◽  
Felipe Corrêa ◽  
Marcela Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Adventitial Layer

Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Two types of hydatid cysts occur in intermediate hosts: fertile cysts that generate protoscoleces from the germinal layer of the cyst, and infertile cysts that do not produce protoscoleces and are unable to continue the life cycle of the parasite. The adventitial layer, a host-derived fibrous capsule surrounding the hydatid cyst, is suggested to play an important role in local immune regulation during infection and in fertility of the cysts. Fasciola hepatica, another important parasite of cattle, induces a characteristic Th2-like immune response that could modulate the immune response against E. granulosus. Natural co-infection of both parasites is common in cattle, but no reports describe the local immune response against E. granulosus with F. hepatica infection in the same host. This study analyzed the number and distribution of T and B cells in the adventitial layer of liver and lung cysts and the relationship with cyst fertility and F. hepatica co-infection. T lymphocytes were the predominant cell type in the adventitial layer of infertile hydatid cysts and were more numerous in infertile hydatid cysts. B lymphocyte numbers were not associated with hydatid cyst fertility. Mast cells were infrequent in the adventitial layer. The number of T and B cells was not associated with F. hepatica co-infection. The present study contributes to the understanding of local immune responses in bovine cystic echinococcosis.

scholarly journals Autochthonous cystic echinococcosis in patients who grew up in Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Richter ◽  
A Orhun ◽  
B Grüner ◽  
I Müller-Stöver ◽  
S Reuter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Imported Infection ◽  
Precise Evaluation ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Compulsory Notification ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Autochthonous Transmission ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread zoonosis. Cases occurring in Germany are considered to result from imported infection and it is unclear if Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) is still transmitted in Germany. Therefore, exposure was investigated in 15 patients with cystic echinococcosis (7 female, 8 male; age-range 16-68, with a median of 48 years) who grew up in Germany. Fourteen patients had most likely acquired their infection in rural Germany, 11 from local dogs, one from an imported dog, two without obvious dog contacts. Taking into account multiple conceivable confounding factors might also account for some of infections: contacts with imported dogs or contact with dogs during travel in highly endemic regions, and ingestion of food contaminated by worm ova, whether in Germany or abroad. However, in at least two cases autochthonous transmission is beyond doubt, because these patients had never left Germany. The long pre-symptomatic development of cystic echinococcosis does not allow for a precise evaluation of the actual epidemiological situation. Compulsory notification of human cystic echinococcosis is an important instrument in the surveillance of the disease in humans. Regular inquiries at laboratories carrying out work in the field of veterinary medicine and at slaughterhouses, supervision of dogs at risk as well as genetic investigations on the strain or species of the causal agent of cystic echinococcosis are needed.

scholarly journals Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Brucellosis around the World in 2011–2020 and Forecast for the Russian Federation for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
D. G. Ponomarenko ◽  
O. N. Skudareva ◽  
A. A. Khachaturova ◽  
A. N. Germanova ◽  
D. E. Lukashevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Analysis of the incidence of human brucellosis in the world in 2011–2020 is presented in the paper. An assessment of the epizootiological-epidemiological situation on brucellosis in the Russian Federation in 2020 is performed. It is outlined that the epidemiological situation on brucellosis in Russia over the past decade was characterized as unfavorable with downward trend in the incidence rate against the background of persistent epizootiological insecurity among cattle and small ruminants. Between 2011 and 2020, 3507 first identified human cases of brucellosis were registered. The long-term average number of cases is 350 per year, including 28 cases among children under 17 years old. The average long-term intensive morbidity rate per 100 000 people was 0.24, among children under 17 – 0.1. In 2020, 119 human cases of brucellosis were detected in Russia (0.08), which indicates that the trend towards an improvement in the epidemiological situation on brucellosis continues. The largest number of brucellosis cases among people was registered in the North-Caucasian (77.1 % of the total incidence across Russia) and the Southern Federal District (13.5 %). In the period of 2010–2020 (9 months), 4610 areas potentially hazardous as regards bovine brucellosis and 422 – as regards brucellosis in sheep and goats were registered in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the development of brucellosis situation in Russia indicates that in the medium term, with the current trend maintained, there is a real risk of widespread brucellosis distribution among farm animals in the constituent entities of the Central, Volga, Far Eastern and Siberian Federal Districts, as well as the persistence of epizootiological insecurity in the North Caucasus and Southern Federal Districts. Taking into account the current epizootiological-epidemiological situation and the long-term dynamics of the development in the Russian Federation, one can predict the incidence of brucellosis in people at a level below the longterm average values – 0.13–0.18 per 100000 of the population in 2021.

Indication Q fever pathogen in the south of Far east

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 724-728
Author(s):  
V. A. Lubova ◽  
G. N. Leonova ◽  
A. L. Shutikova ◽  
E. I. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Far East ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Q fever (coxiellosis) is a widespread natural focal disease in the world. The causative agent of coxiellosis is the gram-negative bacterium Coxiella burnetii, which is highly contagious and low virulence. The main carriers of C. burnetii are ixodid ticks, which feed on domestic and farm animals in anthropurgic foci. To address the possible circulation of the Q fever pathogen in the territory of the Primorsky Territory, 334 samples of various natural material collected in the spring-summer period of 2019 were studied. In the vicinity of the Vladivostok (on Reineke island), genetic markers of C. burnetii were detected in 19.7% of all tick species. In the Khankaisk region, coxiella DNA was detected more often (in 6.3%) in ticks of D. silvarum, in ticks of I. persulcatus and H. japonica, 1 case was detected. From 56 copies. ixodid ticks sucked to humans, C. burnetii DNA was detected in ticks of I. persulcatus in 38.8%, H. concinna - in 14.3%. In the serum of farm animals, the presence of coxiella in sheep in 3 samples was detected, in horses - in two. Sequencing of the obtained sequences showed the presence of the pathogen C. burnetii in the blood serum of animals. The ticks have stuck to people in 6 samples were identified C. burnetii and 6 samples - Coxiella-like endosymbiont. The presented results indicate the circulation of the causative agent of Q fever in the territory of the Primorsky Territory. To obtain a more complete description of the current epidemiological situation, it is necessary to conduct more extensive studies of natural material and blood of people with suspected Q fever.

scholarly journals First Report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Human Cases of Cystic Echinococcosis in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Dybicz ◽  
Piotr K. Borkowski ◽  
Maurycy Jonas ◽  
Dariusz Wasiak ◽  
Piotr Małkowski
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
First Report ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Cattle Strain ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis

Cystic echinococcosis is considered as an emerging zoonosis that can develop asymptomatically for years, clinically nonpathognomic. The disease is of public health importance due to often late, difficult diagnostics, uncertain results of treatment, the need to remove hydatid cysts surgically in advanced cases, and poor prognosis in untreated patients. Six Polish female patients with diagnosed cystic echinococcosis (CE) were examined. DNA extracted from the liver and lung samples served for amplification of mitochondrial nad1 gene fragment. Sequence alignments of 5 isolates showed identity with the pig strain, Echinococcus canadensis G7. One case was in 100% identical with Echinococcus ortleppi G5, the cattle strain. These data demonstrate first report of E. ortleppi, regarded as extinct species, causing human cystic echinococcosis in Poland, where the most frequent causative agent of human CE is E. canadensis.

scholarly journals Echinococcus granulosus – a global zoonotic problem and diagnostic possibilities in animals

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg ◽  
Jacek Karamon ◽  
Tomasz Cencek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Causative Agents

Echinococcus granulosus is a tapeworm, the larval forms of which are causative agents of cystic echinococcosis: a dangerous, widespread zoonotic disease. It is a cosmopolitan species, found in many countries on all continents, thus threatening the productivity of livestock and the health of the people around the world. With the development of molecular methods, several distinct species were separated from E. granulosus s.l., differing in host range, geographical distribution, morphology of mature and larval forms, time of maturation and location of the larvae in individual organs. The purpose of the present review is to summarize current knowledge about the epidemiology and geographical distribution within the species E. granulosus s.l. in definitive hosts (dogs) as well as intermediate hosts (livestock). The paper also indicates the most epidemiological relevant genotypes of E. granulosus in a particular area. Moreover, methods of diagnosis of the parasite and the risk factors favorable to its spread and infection are described in this article.

scholarly journals Epidemiological, Morphometric, and Molecular Investigation of Cystic Echinococcosis in Camel and Cattle From Upper Egypt: Current Status and Zoonotic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gareh ◽  
Amira A. Saleh ◽  
Samar M. Moustafa ◽  
Amin Tahoun ◽  
Roua S. Baty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses ◽  
Female Cattle

Cystic echinococcosis has been considered one of the major parasitic zoonoses which is associated with severe economic losses. The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence, organ distribution, cyst fertility, and viability of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered camels and cattle from various abattoirs in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The work also involved morphological, morphometric, and molecular identification of the parasite. The occurrence of hydatid cysts was investigated in total number of 100 lungs of camels and 574 liver and lungs of cattle admitted to three slaughterhouses at Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Moreover, several individual variable factors, including organ involvement, age, sex, and hydatid cyst characteristics, were studied to identify their possible association with the occurrence of the disease. Genomic DNA was extracted from the hydatid cysts, followed by molecular identification of the parasite through amplification of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Hydatid cysts were found in 6 camels (6%) out of 100 inspected camels, while 5 hydatid cysts (0.87%) were detected in a total number of 574 cattle examined. The parasite was detected exclusively in lungs of camels, while lungs were the main organ infected by the parasite in cattle and one hydatid cyst was found in the liver (0.17%). In camel, 66.7, 16.65, and 16.65%of detected cysts were fertile, sterile, and calcified, respectively, while in cattle, these percentages were 60, 20, and 20%, respectively. None of the studied variable factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease in camels, with the exception that all cysts were found in the lung. Conversely, we found a significant association (P < 0.05) between the age and sex of the slaughtered cattle and the occurrence of hydatid cysts. In this respect, the rate of infection was higher in female cattle and those cattle more than 5 years (P < 0.05). The morphological, morphometric, and molecular studies confirmed the presence of the parasite. Taken together, our results concluded that camels and cattle play a potential role in maintaining the transmission cycle of this zoonotic parasite.

Human cystic echinococcosis in Turkey: a preliminary study on DNA polymorphisms of hydatid cysts removed from confirmed patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serra Orsten ◽  
Belgees Boufana ◽  
Turkmen Ciftci ◽  
Devrim Akinci ◽  
Ergun Karaagaoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis

Experimental infection of the baboon (Papio cynocephalus) with Echinococcus granulosus of camel, cattle, sheep and goat origin from Kenya

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum N. L. Macpherson ◽  
James E. Else ◽  
Mbaruk Suleman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
The World

AbstractIn different areas of the world, strains of Echinococcus granulosus have been described which appear to vary in their infectivity, and laboratory primates have been used as indicators of their infectivity to man. This phenomenon was evaluated in Kenya for hydatid material of human, camel, cattle, sheep and goat orgin. Viable eggs, produced by experimental infections in dogs with larval material from all the above intermediate hosts, were fed separately to four baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in each case. Baboons were autopsied between 373 and 501 days following infection and the liver, lungs, heart, spleen and kidneys were thoroughly inspected. Hydatid cysts were recovered from two baboons in each of the camel, sheep and goat groups, three baboons in the cattle group and none of the baboons in the human group. Fertile cysts were found in the cattle and goat groups and it is suggested that the baboon could be used as an experimental model for this parasite.

scholarly journals Occurrence and genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from domestic animals in Central Iran

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahador Hajimohammadi ◽  
Abdolhossein Dalimi ◽  
Gilda Eslami ◽  
Salman Ahmadian ◽  
Sajad Zandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genotype Information

Abstract Background The species complex of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) causes cystic echinococcosis distributed worldwide. There is no genotype information from hydatid cysts in the intermediate hosts in Central Iran. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the hydatid cysts in livestock slaughtered in an abattoir in this region. Six hundred fifty-seven hydatid cysts were isolated from 97 animals, including sheep, cattle, camels, and goats slaughtered in Yazd abattoir from September 2018 to January 2020. The demographic data was collected as well as cyst location, fertility, and viability. Out of 657 samples, 164 samples were genotyped. Then, phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGAX. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 16.0 by chi-square with a significant difference of less than 0.05. Results Out of 164 samples, the G1-G3 complex genotype had the most frequency in samples, with 135 cases recognized. The G6/G7 was observed in 19 isolates and G5 was reported in nine samples. One sample was detected as Taenia hydatigena. Conclusions This study showed that G1-G3 and G6/G7 genotypes were presented in all animals, but G5 was reported only in cattle, goats, and camels. It is the first molecular identification of cystic echinococcosis in Central Iran. Hence, reporting G5 in livestock in this area should be considered due to transmission to humans.

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